Shun remains

Shunke Mountain in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province is the hometown of the three kings of Yao, Shun and Yu, Zhongshun. According to textual research, there are many relics of Shun in Shunkeshan area. Many stone pots, axes and plows of the Stone Age were found on Shunke Mountain, which is said to be suitable for production and life. According to research, from 5000 to 4000 years ago, Taihu Lake Basin developed into one of the developed areas in China, with developed agriculture and rice as the main agricultural product. The legendary Shun is sincere, generous and kind, and the villagers are willing to be close to Shun. Shun teaches villagers how to transplant rice in Shunkeshan area. On Shunke Mountain, there is a piece of "Huang Shun hoes Yin Shi". According to folklore, there was no rain that year, and the seedlings were withered and scorched. Shun is anxious for the people, and the stone is left behind. There is a Huang Shun Temple with a long history and a large scale. There are two ginkgo trees in front of the door, so huge that four people need to hug each other. This shows that this temple has a long history. There is a boulder in front of the temple with two clear footprints on it. According to the old people, this was caused by Huang Shun's fidgeting and stamping his feet again and again when he saw Taihu Lake flooding. Then I went to Shanxi for a reason. According to legend, Shun lost his mother, his father was incompetent and immoral, and he married his stepmother. The stepmother is mean, and after giving birth to her son, she deliberately tried to kill Shun. That year, the stepmother set a fire in the hut where Shun lived in an attempt to burn Shun to death. Shun decided to run away from home in order not to let his stepmother bear the notoriety of killing children and embarrass his father, and then went to the Yellow River valley, which led to the story of the "abdication" of the three kings later.

(1) Legend

According to legend, in ancient times, when Shun Di was a citizen, he worked at the foot of Doosan Mountain in Wuxi.

Doosan has a beautiful and touching legend of Shun Di. It is said that Shun Di, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, used to farm in Doosan. His spirit of hard work touched God. God brought him good weather, and sent elephants to plow the land for him, and sent birds to sow grain for him. He loves the people and benefits the people: "Run heaven and earth, know the weather, care for all beings, love animals and be friendly to the country", and advocate the public morality of "harmony between man and nature and glory of all things".

Shun also diligently assisted Emperor Yao in governing the world and worked hard for 28 years. He was trusted and reused by Emperor Yao. Finally, taking him as the heir, he abdicated the leader of the tribal alliance to Shun, thus creating a peaceful and prosperous time called "Tang Yao Yu Shun" in ancient history.

Maybe it's just a legend, but it has been passed down through the ages. Up to now, the folk song "Emperor Shunke sits in the dragon court and everyone enjoys peace" is still sung among the masses. There are some relics in Doushan Mountain, such as "Shun Di Farming Place", "Rain Stone" and "Nailing Palladium Seal". There are "Xishun Town" (called Xishun Township in Song Dynasty) where Shun Di lives in the northwest of Doushan Mountain, "Dongshun Town" in the northeast, Shun Di Well in Chengjiang Town in the northwest, and cultural landscapes such as Baidang ruins and relics in Shunke in the west. Doosan also has the Shun Di Hall, which contains the statue of Emperor Shunke.

(2) Evaluation of ancient skepticism school.

At the beginning of the last century, the ancient skepticism school believed that the legend of Liu appeared later than later, so his legend was invented by later generations, and his person was purely false. It is generally believed in academic circles that the story of Yao Shunyu's abdication truly reflects the situation at the end of primitive society. Although it is a legend, it has its own historical value. Some scholars especially pointed out that Shun's appointment of "eight members" and "eight letters" and their respective powers reflected the beginning of the transformation of the tribal alliance parliament into an aristocratic deliberative body. It shows that studying the legend of Shun with historical materialism is helpful for us to understand the clues of historical development in the process of disintegration of primitive society.

The historical legend of "Shun Li Gengshan" first appeared in Mozi merchant Zhong Xian: "The ancients plowed the mountains smoothly, and the Taohe River was near, fishing for thunder and lightning". Later, in the works of a hundred schools of thought contend, the legend of Shungeng Lishan was reported. By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, the historical legend of "Shun Li Gengshan" was noticed by people in a wider scope through the collation and retelling of Tai Shigong's Records of the Five Emperors. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, a striking cultural phenomenon is that tracing back to the truth of "Shun Geng Li Mountain" and distinguishing the specific meaning of "Li Mountain" can be said to be endless in many ancient book annotations including Historical Records; It is also seen from time to time in various geographical works and even local chronicles, and continues to this day. Sanfenshi, also known as Sanfengshi, is located hundreds of miles south of Ningyuan County, which is the highest peak of Jiuyi Mountain. According to legend, it is the burial place of Shun, so it is also called Shunfeng.

Three-point stones stand on them like three jade bamboo shoots. These peaks are five miles apart. The summit is dangerous and goes straight into the sky. The ancients had a poem: "One peak floats in the sky, and the stone is stable for three points. There are people climbing jade bamboo shoots outside the clouds, and where to find peaches in the mountains. " "Nine Wonders of Mountains" records: "The three peaks are like jade bamboo shoots, such as coral, and there are Xiantao stone, chessboard stone, walking stone and incense burner stone on them, which are full of ears and natural. In the meantime, there is a tomb with copper as a monument, and the handwriting is unrecognizable, or it is suspected to be a coffin. "

How did the three-point stone come from? According to legend, one day when Shun Di was on a southern tour, he climbed the mountain to see the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers. At noon, he and his entourage had a picnic at Fengtou and didn't feel drunk. The hip flask was forgotten at the top of the mountain. A Dapeng happened to fly to this mountain. When he saw a pot of wine, he swooped down and pecked it with a beak as sharp as a hook. The stone pot was divided into three pieces and became a three-peak stone. The rest of the jade liquid has become an endless stream of spring water, which is the source of Xiaoshui.

Now, on the stone of the Three Peaks, there is a clear spring gushing, the cliff falls like white practice, and if the smoke is foggy, the water will shake the stone, and the waves will thunder. One of them is the source of Xiaoshui, commonly known as "Father River", which flows westward to the foot of Jiuyi Mountain. Known as the "Wang Shunlong Monument", the monument is engraved with the seven characters "Shun Di has the tomb of the Yu family", which was originally on the three-point stone and later moved to the side of Shunmiao by the Dayang River. There is also a legend about the reasons for migration.

According to the legend of Gao Tao's tomb, during the reign of Shun Di, there were nine dragons in Jiuyi Mountain, which were located in Panlong Cave and Jiuyi Rock, endangering people's lives. Emperor Shun heard about his southern tour. After three places and four waters, he saw five mountains and three mountains, and finally came to Jiuyi Mountain. He led the people to fight for three years and killed four dragons in Jiuyiyan. Then the war lasted for three years, and the four dragons in Panlongdong were killed. After another three years of fighting, Fang killed the old dragon in Shitianhu pond in Sanfeng. After nine years of hard work, Emperor Shun finally fell ill under the Three Peaks Stone. On his deathbed, Minister Hao Tao asked him what he had ordered. He said: "No need to be reburied, just choose a loess plateau under the Sanfeng stone and bury it with tile coffin cloth." Finally, he pointed to the Tianhu Pool on the Sanfeng Stone, and the dragon died. After Shun's death, people carved a dragon brand weighing 3000 kilograms and stood under Sanfeng Stone.

Hao Tao thought that this place was too dangerous, so he had better move to the ocean river. On the day of enlightenment, the tablet was too heavy for thirty strong men to lift. At this time, several white cranes flew from the sky and two elephants came from the ground. The elephant rolled up the tombstone with its nose and left, with the crane leading the way. When I reached Huanglong Cave in xiongjiashan, suddenly, an old man with white hair came out of the cave and said with a smile, "Born in the imperial city, I died in Jiuyi Mountain. The crane came to lead the way, as if to carry the funeral. " With that, he turned into a yellow dragon, bared his teeth and refused to be buried here. The elephant had to go on, through the horseshoe depression, through the big mulberry pond, and came to a big stone. This big stone is very strange, it is 300 feet high and goes straight into the sky. The rock is shaped like a dragon, with dragon horns, longan, dragon whiskers and dragon teeth. There are two Longquan in Xishan. Fairy White Horse also piled a crown on the mountain peak with stones and tied a jade belt on the mountain. This is really the phoenix land of Long Qianli. As soon as the elephant put down the dragon card, it fell 3 feet underground and stood upright in the middle. So, Shun Di's dragon body descended from the stone ridge, built a tile coffin, and flocks of white cranes came from all directions, bringing purple mussels and filling the tile coffin. This is the origin of "tile coffin shell burial".

Jianfu, Hao Tao, is a buddhist nun that has been guarding Shunling. After his death, he became a pine tree, growing on the rocks beside the grave, standing like a general, guarding the buried Shun Di. In the early years, the south gate of the old city of Jinan was named Shuntianmen because of the ancient history that Dashun plowed the fields in Lishan. Mount Li, also known as Shungeng Mountain and Shunshan, was commonly known as Qianfo Mountain after the Tang Dynasty.

Jing Shun's deeds can be found in Mencius and other ancient books. It is reported that Dashun lost his mother when he was young, and his stepmother and younger brother persecuted him in many ways. They tricked Dashun into digging a well and then hit people when they were down. Fortunately, Dashun escaped because there was a cave in the underground stone wall. However, Dashun also unearthed a sweet spring, which is called Shunquan, also known as Jing Shun.

Shunquan has been recorded in the official history of past dynasties, which is generally called under Lishan Mountain, and it is also clearly recorded in the records of the Tang Dynasty. Shunquan was called in Song Dynasty, and Shunquan poems were written by Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer, and inscribed by Su Shi, which became a famous landscape. The shape of Shunquan has been changed many times. In the Tang Dynasty, two wellheads were built on the spring, leaving only one well. 1976 There is an iron chain hanging on the wellhead. Legend has it that this is the dragon that destroyed the river when Dayu was controlling water. He locked it in a well and said that he would not let it out until Cycas bloomed. This legend may have been speculated by Taoist priests in Shunsi.

There is a courtyard behind Jing Shun called Shunci or Shunmiao. It was named "Xiang Ying Palace" by Qiu Chuji. There are stone tablets to test.

Jing Shun was originally in Shun Temple in Nanmen Street. Shun Temple is located on the west side of the main street, with spacious courtyard, towering hall and lush pines and cypresses. It was once called "Song Yun Nanxun" and was listed as one of the sixteen scenic spots in Jinan. There is a palace stone tablet written by Zhang Qiyan, a scholar and historian in Jinan in Yuan Dynasty, which was written by a famous writer Zhang. Because it is the treasure of cooperation between two rural sages in Jinan, it is known as the treasure of Jinan town government. On April 1996, 1 1, Guo Guoan, then president of the Planning and Design Institute, and Yang Ye, then designer, began the process of searching for the Jing Shun Monument. At that time, Guo, Yang and others first came to Qianjin Village in the southern suburbs, found Sun, a group leader in the village, as a guide, and looked up along the Baiyun Lake Dam. Later, they came to a place called Shunjingchong, where they met Wang Chengyu and Su Jinshou who were herding cattle. At that time, both of them were over 60 years old. The old man led Guo and Yang to the site and told his childhood experiences. When Wang Laohan talked about youth, he was carrying water. Su said that when she was a child, she washed clothes by the well. The wellhead is about two meters in diameter, and a square blue brick abutment is built. There is a pavilion on the well called Jing Shun Pavilion. There is a monument in the pavilion with the word "Jing Shun" written on it. There is a temple called Jing Shun Temple at the top of Shunjingchong Mountain. 1955 demolished the temple, 1966 destroyed the pavilion and filled the well during the Cultural Revolution.

Half a century has passed, and Suizhou has changed a lot; In the past, cattle were grazing smoothly, but cattle, grass and fertilizer were not seen early; Now it has been covered by tall buildings. According to the analysis of the comrades in the cultural relics department, the site of Jing Shun should be in the compound of the Municipal State Taxation Bureau.

Fortunately, the Jing Shun stone tablet was found. According to Su Jinshou's mother-in-law, when her son 1957 got married, in order to fill the field in front of his house, he moved a monument to the edge of Tang Yan as a bridge stone. Village people come and go, all from the monument; Women wash clothes, and this flat plate is made into a washboard. Many old people in the village can't read, so they don't know the preciousness of this monument. Then ten years of catastrophe came. Although young people can read, cultural relics are regarded as feudal pernicious, and it has become a historical necessity that the Jing Shun Monument has been trampled by everyone.

Time goes back to1April 1996 1 1. Guo Guoan and Yang Ye equality people heard that the stone tablet was still there, so they followed Sue's mother-in-law to her pond and saw a bluestone tablet about 1.5 meters long and 0.8 meters wide lying by the water. They were overjoyed: Is this really a stone tablet carved by Jing Shun? They squatted by the water and touched the bottom of the monument with their hands, feeling really skinny. At this time, Sun, the team leader, asked some farmers working in the field to lift the stone tablet from the water and wash the mud. The word "Jing Shun" appeared on the tablet computer, which surprised everyone. Elegant, bold, vigorous, vigorous, rigorous and elegant.

Now the Jing Shun Monument is kept in the city planning and design institute, but unfortunately it is broken in two. According to experts' appraisal, this Jing Shun tablet belongs to the Song Dynasty. According to historical records, Jing Shun was indeed dug by Shun Di, but the stone tablet beside the well was first erected by Suizhou county magistrate in the pre-Qin period, destroyed in the post-Qin period, and a new one was built in the Song Dynasty. At that time, a stone tablet was also found. The pedestal is conical with a wedge in the middle. It is said that the monument remains in Baiyun Mountain. Although the Qin tablet was destroyed, the Song tablet still exists, which is a blessing in the history of Suizhou cultural relics.