It is said that Chongzhen was deeply influenced by the Little Ice Age of Ming Dynasty. Zhu Qiyu: I am a victim of 1 Why?

During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the weather was abnormal. From 1270, the earth began to get cold, reaching the lowest point in a thousand years at 1645. Historians call this period the Little Ice Age. According to experts' detection of carbon isotopes in glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China entered the last stage of the Little Ice Age in 1450, and the lowest temperature appeared in the middle of17th century.

As we all know, Emperor Chongzhen is the most unfortunate emperor of Daming. He encountered the worst situation in the Little Ice Age, and natural disasters such as severe cold, drought, locust plague, earthquake, plague and smallpox never stopped. Hungry people in the customs rose up, and the customs outside the customs were full of eyes. At that time, the Ming dynasty wanted food, but there was no food, and no one wanted it. What else can he take to save it? Maybe when he meets Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, he will plausibly say, "The sky is dying, and the child is really helpless!"

Daming Fenghua reappears Yongle Shengshi. After three generations of operation, Daming also dominated the East at that time. However, all these glories ended in the Battle of the Civil Fort, and Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen fell into the hands of Vala, which became an indelible shame in the history of the Ming Dynasty. With the help of Yu Qian and others, Zhu Qiyu expelled Valla and finally guarded the capital of Daming. Everyone thinks that Zhu Qiyu will continue the glory of his parents. However, only eight years later, Xu Youzhen and others launched the change of seizing the door, and Zhu Qiyu soon retired and died.

As we all know, when Zhu Qiyu was in office, he valued modesty, loved virtuous officials and stayed away from villains. Above the imperial court, obviously most of them are knowledgeable ministers. Why can only a few villains easily reverse Gan Kun?

At that time, what were all the courtiers thinking except Yu Qian's disdain to participate in party struggles, and why did they all accept this fact silently? Perhaps, we can get a glimpse of the social conditions during the reign of Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu.

bitter cold

Zhu Qiyu officially ascended the throne in 1450, and became Emperor Jingtai. In the same year, China began to enter the coldest stage of the Little Ice Age in Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/453, the weather was extremely cold, and heavy snow fell in the central and northern parts of China. In April, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development announced that "countless people froze to death in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River", among which Changshu County, located in the south of the Yangtze River alone, froze to death 1.80 people, and Jiangbei was a dime a dozen. 1454 in the spring, it snowed heavily and it was freezing. Most of the bamboos, known as the three friends of the year, froze to death and the sea water froze. 1 in the winter of 455, heavy snow fell in the Yangtze River Delta, with a depth of1meter. The ports along the Taihu Lake froze and all the livestock froze to death. This cold weather lasted for several years until the seventh year of Jingtai (1456).

Most works of art come from life, and the cold weather inspired the artists' creative inspiration at that time. The snow scene made in the Ming Dynasty is a portrayal of the current situation and the best evidence of the extremely cold weather in the Ming Dynasty.

Dai Jin, a court painter at that time, created many snow scenes during his stay in Jingtai. Among them, Home in the Snow was created around 1455, and is now collected in the Metropolitan Museum of New York. Since then, Tang Yin, Wen Zhiming and other Paintings of Ming Dynasty masters have created snow scenes.

flood

Climate change often caused many natural disasters, and there were many floods in the Yuan Dynasty. According to historical records, the flood record of 100 actually surpassed that of the Ming Dynasty. Since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, there have been few floods for decades. However, during the Yongle period, floods once flooded.

In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the deposed Crown Prince was regarded as the release of the king, and the Prince was appointed as the Crown Prince. In June, it rained heavily and the river burst its banks in Shawan. Ugly August, flooding Xuzhen and Yanzhou. Dingzhou county hit by floods. In September, Xinmao, the Huaihe River flooded and the river was broken. In May of four years, Xuzhou was flooded again and the people were hungry and cold. Yiyou, Shawan River has decided again. 1 1 month, Crown Prince Wei Xin met Miracle. Five years in autumn and July, Gui You, Nanji flooding. In June of six years, the river must have been opened. In August, Miss Liao Zhuang of Dali invited Fu to be the prince, and his subordinates died with Zhong Tong. One afternoon in 20071February, floods occurred in Zhen Ji, Shandong and Henan.

According to the records of the Ming Dynasty, during the Jingtai period, the flood struck again, and the people were displaced and lived in dire straits.

Incredibly, the flood that ran through Jingtai years seems to have started from the easy storage incident of Emperor Jingtai. In the third year of Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu abolished Zhu Jianshen and made Zhu Jianji a prince. A few days later, the Yellow River burst its banks and the Huaihe River flooded. A year later, Crown Prince Zhu died by chance.

At that time, courtiers thought that if Zhu Qiyu rashly abolished the Prince and messed up orthodoxy, the flood would not stop and would be punished by God. The death of Crown Prince Zhu Jianji a year later seems to confirm this point. So in Jingtai six years, courtiers invited Zhu Jianshen to be restored as a prince, hoping to set things right and get God's forgiveness. Zhu Qiyu directly killed him with a bludgeon, which made the courtiers complain and planted the seeds of hope for the successful restoration of Zhu Qizhen.

plague of locusts

Ancient books recorded drought and locust plague. After the drought, the water surface of rivers and lakes shrank, and a large number of low-lying areas were exposed, which became a good place for locusts to lay eggs.

After Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, it ushered in the longest drought since the founding of Daming. In the ninth year of Xuande (1434), locusts arrived as scheduled and ate up all the crops, hence the name "Emperor Cricket". In the seventh year of Jingtai (1456), the locust plague came back, and Zhu Qiyu was not spared.

famine

The first year, June, exempted Daming, Calm, Kaifeng and Weihui from taxes. April gengzi, vibration of Shandong hunger. On the third day of May, Shanxi is tax-free. In June, the Reform Movement of 1898, all counties in Shandong were duty-free and grain-free. It's ugly in winter and October for two years, and Shanxi is tax-free. Three years, Ding Chou was born in August, and two counties were flooded, free of food. Friends of Nanji refugees in Henan and Shandong. September 1 day, in the affected counties of Ji Liang, Shandong, Shanxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Liaodong. In four years, Ding Chou was sent to Fengyang, Huai 'an Cang Town in May. Over the past five years, in September, Jiangsu, Song, Changzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and other places have stored more than two million mangokus of grain. In December, Nanji and Zhejiang are tax-free. In the past six years, in September, more than one million mangoku of rice and wheat were supplied to the hungry people in Jiangsu and Songsong. In winter, at noon in October, Shaanxi will be tax-free. 1February has passed, and Nanji has survived the autumn grain disaster. In the seventh year, in May and March, Yunnan was tax-free. Winter is October, which makes Jiangxi hungry. It's winter now, and Guinea and Shandong are duty-free and grain-free. In the spring of the eighth year, the first day of the first month was Chen Wu, which saved Jiangxi from being taxed.

Famine after the plague of locusts is not difficult to understand. The Great Famine in Ming Dynasty 1 broke out after the 9-year locust plague in Xuande. From then on, the Ming Dynasty fell into the dilemma of living beyond its means every few years.

The Jingtai period was an extremely bad year. In addition to the plague of locusts, there were floods that almost ran through his reign, and various natural disasters emerged one after another. During the reign of Zhu Qiyu, it was almost normal for society to be full of poor harvests and hungry people.

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After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, although he was in the Little Ice Age, he also had good weather for decades. Although there were floods and locusts in Yongle and Xuande years, the post-disaster reconstruction was rapid and did not hurt Daming's vitality. During the Jingtai period, natural disasters almost ran through, and the Ming Dynasty suffered an unprecedented heavy blow.

Therefore, some courtiers regard Zhu Qiyu's abandonment of the Prince as the initiator of this natural disaster. When Zhu Qiyu was alive, some ministers dared to remonstrate, hoping to set things right as soon as possible. So when he was lying on his deathbed, how many people would be willing to stop the restoration of Xu Youzhen and others?

Zhu Qiyu, if Zhu Qizhen's incompetence made him ascend the throne, and Yu Qian's assistance made him sit firmly on the throne, was it the abolition of the Crown Prince that pushed him down the throne, or was it the damn weather?