20 10 history geography exam notes

Review content of the first volume of seventh grade geography

Chapter 1 Earth and Map

Section 1 The Earth and the Globe

1, Magellan's voyage around the world confirmed that the shape of the earth is a sphere.

2. The surface area of the earth is 5 1 10,000 square kilometers, with an average radius of 637 1 kilometer and a maximum circumference of 40,000 kilometers.

3. People imitated the shape of the earth, scaled it down to a certain scale, and made a model of the earth-a globe.

There are countless longitude and latitude lines on the earth. In order to distinguish them, people gave them different degrees, called longitude and latitude respectively.

5. Meridian characteristics: connecting the north and south poles, each meridian has the same length and can form a semicircle, indicating the north-south direction.

6. Characteristics of parallel lines: perpendicular to the meridian, each parallel line has different lengths and can form a circle to represent the east-west direction.

7. Longitude is divided into east longitude and west longitude. The east of longitude 00 is called east longitude, which is represented by "E", and the west of longitude 00 is called west longitude.

Represented by "W", the dividing line between east longitude and west longitude is longitude 00 (also called prime meridian) and longitude 1800.

line

8. The dividing line between the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere is: 200W and 1600E (pronounced as 200 W and 1600 E).

9. Latitude is divided into north latitude and south latitude. The north of the equator is called north latitude, which is represented by "N", and the south of the equator is called south latitude, which is represented by "N"

"S" means that the dividing line between north latitude and south latitude is: 00 parallel (also called equator).

10. The dividing line between the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere is the equator (also called the 00 parallel).

The movement of the earth in the second quarter

1, the earth keeps rotating around its axis, which is called earth rotation.

The rotation direction is from west to east, and the period is 1.

Daytime, alternation of day and night and time difference.

2. While the earth rotates, it also keeps turning around the sun, which is called the revolution of the earth.

The direction of the revolution is also

From west to east, the cycle is one year, which produces changes in four seasons and the length of day and night.

Around March 2 1 (vernal equinox), the sun shines directly on the equatorial plane, and March, April and May are spring in the northern hemisphere (autumn in the southern hemisphere).

Around June 22 (summer solstice), the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, and June, July and August are summer in the northern hemisphere (winter in the southern hemisphere).

On September 23rd (autumnal equinox) or so, the sun went straight to the equatorial plane. September, 10, 1 1 is autumn in the northern hemisphere (spring in the southern hemisphere).

12 Around February 22nd (winter to Sunday), the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, and February is winter in the northern hemisphere (summer in the southern hemisphere).

The earth is a sphere, and there is a difference between cold and hot when it is irradiated by sunlight. According to the distribution of solar heat on the earth's surface, people divide the earth's surface into five zones: northern cold zone, northern temperate zone, tropical zone, southern temperate zone and southern cold zone.

4. The boundaries of the five zones are: Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle.

5. Among the five zones of the earth, the tropical zone is hot all year round, the seasonal changes in the south and north temperate zones are obvious, and the climate in the south and north frigid zones is cold all year round.

Section 3 Map

The three elements of 1. map are: scale, direction and legend.

2. There are three ways to express the scale on the map: words, numbers and line segments.

3, large scale, small scope, fine content.

Small in scale, large in scope and slightly in content.

4. There are three ways to determine the direction on the map: ① If there is a pointing sign, use the "pointing sign" to determine the direction.

② Yes.

The graticule uses the graticule to set the direction.

(3) The general plan is oriented in the direction of "upper north and lower south, left west and right east".

5. Maps commonly used on maps, such as: railway () mountain peak () Great Wall () mainland boundary ()

6. Characteristics of five basic landforms (plateau, plain, hill, mountain and basin)

Plateau: high altitude, steep edge and small internal fluctuation.

Plain: below 200 meters above sea level, the terrain is flat.

Hills: below 500m above sea level, and the relative height is less than100 m.

Mountain area: above 500m above sea level, with a relative height of 100m or above.

Basin: high around and low in the middle.

7. On the contour topographic map, the contour lines are dense in places with large slopes and sparse in places with slow slopes.

8, different parts of the mountain (peak, ridge, valley, saddle, cliff) interpretation method.

Peak: high in the middle and low around.

Ridge: Contour lines protrude to the lower altitude.

Valley: contour lines protrude into the sky.

Saddle: A lowland between two mountain tops, shaped like a saddle.

Cliff: where contour lines overlap.

Chapter II Mainland and Ocean

Section 1 Mainland and Ocean

1, the ocean on the earth's surface accounts for 7 1%, and the land accounts for 29%.

2. The seven continents in descending order are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.

3. The dividing line between Asia and Europe is Urals, ural river, Caucasus and Turkish Strait.

The dividing line between Asia and Africa is the Suez Canal.

The dividing line between Asia and North America is the Bering Strait.

The dividing line between North America and South America is the Panama Canal.

4. The four oceans from big to small are: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

Section 2 Changes in Land and Sea

1. Causes of land and sea changes: crustal changes, sea level rise and fall, and human activities.

2. The continental drift hypothesis was put forward by Wei Gena.

3. According to the theory of plate motion, the world is divided into six plates, which are constantly moving.

The crust inside the plates is relatively stable, and the crust at the junction between plates is relatively active, which is prone to volcanoes and earthquakes.

Chapter III Weather and Climate

The first section changeable weather

1, the description of the weather, for example: the wind will cool down tomorrow, but now I still remember that night, that storm, I don't know how many flowers were broken, and it was very hot these nights.

2. On the satellite cloud picture, green represents land, blue represents ocean and white represents cloud area.

3. Common weather symbols such as: cloudy () sunny () cloudy () heavy rain () light rain ()

4. Be able to read the city weather forecast map and the daily map of city air quality (P47, 48).

Temperature and its distribution in the second quarter

1. The equipment for measuring temperature is a louver box, and it is measured four times a day, at 8: 00 Beijing time, 14: 00, 20: 00 and 2: 00 respectively.

2. What are the daily variation, annual variation, daily range and annual range (P5 1)?

3. Read the annual average temperature distribution map of the world and analyze the characteristics of temperature distribution (P52, 53).

(1), from the equator to the poles, the temperature gradually decreases (high temperature at low latitude and low temperature at high latitude).

② In the same latitude zone, the land temperature is high in summer and the ocean temperature is low, but the opposite is true in winter.

(3) In mountainous areas, the temperature decreases with the elevation.

Every time the altitude rises 100 meters, the temperature will drop by about 0.60C C.

The third quarter precipitation and precipitation distribution

1. Rain, snow and hail falling from the atmosphere are collectively called precipitation.

Rainfall is the main form of precipitation.

2. The instrument for measuring rainfall is called rain gauge.

3. Read the annual precipitation distribution map of the world and analyze the distribution characteristics of precipitation (P56).

① The annual precipitation near the equator is mostly above 2000mm ② From the equator to the poles, the annual precipitation decreases gradually.

③ Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast.

(4) In temperate regions, there is less precipitation on the mainland and more precipitation along the coast.

⑤ The precipitation in the world is the most abundant in Kilapanchi (rainy pole) and the least in Atacama Desert (dry pole).

Section 4 World Climate

1, climate description, such as: Dongguan is not very cold in winter, Kunming is like spring all year round, and the polar regions are extremely cold all year round.

2. The world climate mainly includes tropical climate, temperate climate and frigid climate.

3. East Asia is mainly characterized by tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate.

The Mediterranean coast is dominated by the Mediterranean climate.

The most widely distributed climate in Africa is the savanna climate.

Rainforest climate is the most widely distributed in South America.

Chapter IV: Residents and Settlements

Part I: Population and Race

1, world population growth:

In March 2006, the total population of the world reached 6.5 billion.

Natural population growth rate = birth rate-mortality rate

Population growth 1 100 million takes less and less time. Africa has the highest natural population growth rate, while Europe has negative population growth.

2, the distribution of the world population:

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, eastern North America and other low-latitude coastal plain areas are densely populated areas. Extremely arid desert areas, too humid rainforest areas, high-latitude areas with severe cold all the year round, or high-lying plateaus and mountains are sparsely populated areas.

Population density = total population/total area

3. Population issues

Excessive population growth: traffic jams, poor living conditions, employment difficulties, hunger and poverty, population control and family planning.

Negative population growth: population aging, labor shortage and insufficient national defense force encourage fertility.

4. Different races:

According to the characteristics of human constitution, human beings can be divided into three main races: white, yellow and black. All races in the world are equal, and there is no distinction between good and bad.

White people are mainly distributed in North Africa, West Asia and northern India (Europe and North America).

East Asia is dominated by yellow.

Central and southern Africa are mainly black.

Part II: Esperanto Language and Religion

1, the universal language.

Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish and * * * are the main languages in the world and the working languages of the United Nations. Chinese is the most widely used language in the world and English is the most widely used language in the world.

China-China, English-Western Europe, North America, South Asia.

2. Three major religions in the world

Christianity: the religion with the largest number of followers, which was formed in West Asia and mainly distributed in Europe, America and Oceania.

* * * Religion: * * originated in the * * * Peninsula and distributed in western and southeastern Asia, northern and eastern Africa, also known as * * * or * * * religion.

Buddhism: the third largest religion in the world, founded in ancient India, mainly distributed in eastern and southeastern Asia.

Most people in China are not religious, but * * Er and * * * believe in * * religion, while Tibetans and Mongolians believe in Lamaism.

Section 3: Human habitation-settlement

1, country and city

Residential areas-concentrated human settlements-villages and cities

2. Residential areas and environment

In some plain areas in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, industry and agriculture are developed and settlements are densely distributed; In mountainous and desert areas, there are few or no settlements.

3. Development and protection of residential areas

With the growth of population and the development of society, settlements are constantly changing, and most settlements in the world are developing: the area is getting bigger and bigger, the buildings are getting more and more, and the roads are getting more and more perfect.

Vigorously protect traditional houses with national characteristics: Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi, Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, ancient villages in southern Anhui, and historical ancient city in Macau.

Review content of the second volume of the seventh grade

Chapter 6: Asia, the continent where we live.

Section 1: Natural environment

1. Location: Located in the eastern part of Europe, facing the ocean in the north, the ocean in the east and the ocean in the south.

It is the continent with the largest area, the widest latitude, the longest distance from east to west and the largest population in the world.

2. Terrain: The ground fluctuates greatly, with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest plateau in the world, in the middle, around and in the middle.

3. Rivers: rivers that originate in the central mountainous areas and plateaus and flow to the surrounding oceans in a certain shape.

The Yangtze River (6300 kilometers) is the third longest river in the world.

4. Climate: The climate is characterized by complexity and diversity, remarkable monsoon climate and wide continental climate distribution.

East Asia and South Asia are often affected by the summer monsoon, and are prone to droughts and floods.

Section II: Humanistic Environment

1. population: the most populous continent: six countries have a population of more than 1 100 million (China, Japan, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan).

Indonesia)

2, race: mainly yellow people.

East Asia and Southeast Asia are all yellow people.

West Asia and Central Asia are all white.

3. Economy: Japan is mostly a developing country and a developed country.

In 1970s, Singapore, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, etc. Vigorously develop export processing industry and promote the economic development of our country. Countries along the Persian Gulf in West Asia export a lot of oil resources, such as Saudi Arabia.

Chapter 7: Our Neighboring Countries and Regions

Part I: Japan

1. Overview: East to the sea, west to the sea, population 1.27 billion, yellow race, from Hokkaido and Benben.

It consists of four big islands and thousands of small islands in Shikoku and Kyushu.

Located at the intersection of the Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate.

Earthing zone, frequent volcanoes and earthquakes.

2. Symbols: Mount Fuji and cherry blossoms.

3. Topography: mainly mountainous areas and narrow plains. The largest plain is Kanto Plain, and the highest peak is

4. Climate: subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate.

5. Industry: small area and poor resources. A large number of imports from abroad, a large number of industrial products exported. The industrial zones are mainly distributed along the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast.

In recent years, Japan has accelerated the expansion of overseas investment to the United States, Western Europe, East Asia and Southeast Asia.

6. Culture: Japanese ethnic composition is single, Yamato ethnic group is dominant, and things are compatible.

7. City: political center-ancient capital Tokyo-industrial city Kyoto-Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe and Kitakyushu.

Part II: Southeast Asia

1. Location: Located at the "crossroads" between Europe and Oceania, between the ocean and the Indian Ocean.

The Strait is an important sea passage connecting the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

It consists of Indian zhina Peninsula and Malay Archipelago.

2. Topography: The mountains and rivers in Indochina Peninsula mostly extend from north to south, with the characteristics of alternating mountains and rivers and vertical distribution.

The largest plain: Mekong River Plain

3. Rivers: Mekong River is the longest river in Southeast Asia and flows through the country the most.

4. Population: Most of them are yellow people.

The most concentrated areas of overseas Chinese.

5. Cities: The main branches of big cities are along the Yangtze River and the estuary delta.

6. Climate: Indian zhina Peninsula has a tropical monsoon climate, while Malay archipelago has a tropical rain forest climate.

7. Agriculture: Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar (rice), Thailand (rubber), Philippines (burnt hemp and coconut), Indonesia (coconut), Malaysia (palm oil: world oil king).

8. Tourism: Tourism is developed.

Shwedagon Pagoda (Myanmar), Borobudur (Indonesia), Angkor Wat (Cambodia), Water Market (Thailand), Halong Bay (Vietnam), Garden City (Singapore).

Section III: India

1. population: the second largest population in the world, in 20031.600 million.

2. Location: It is adjacent to the Bay of Bengal in the east, the sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south.

3. Topography: There are Himalayas in the north, Ganges Plain in the middle and plateau in the south.

4. Rivers: Ganges River and Brahmaputra River.

5. Climate: Tropical monsoon climate, affected by monsoon, with unstable precipitation and frequent floods and droughts.

6. Agriculture: The "Green Revolution" was implemented in 1960s, and the grain production technology was improved. Now, food is basically self-sufficient.

The main food crops are rice and wheat, and the main cash crops are cotton and jute.

7. Industry: Actively introduce foreign capital and advanced technology, attach importance to training scientific and technological talents, and make certain achievements in atomic energy, aerospace and computer software.

It is the second largest software country in the world, and its software export volume is second only to that of the United States.

8. City: Political Center-New Delhi Cotton Textile Center-Mumbai

Hemp Textile Center-Kolkata Silicon Valley-Bangalore

Section IV: Russia

1. area: the country with the largest area, with a length of 1 10,000 km from east to west and a width of 4,000 km from north to south, with an area of1.7,000 square kilometers.

2. Location: It spans Asia and Europe, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east, the ocean in the north and the Baltic Sea in the west.

It faces the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in the southwest.

3. Topography: Eastern Europe Plain, Urals Mountains, Western Siberia Plain, Plateau and Eastern Siberia Mountain in turn from west to east.

4. Rivers and lakes: The mother river Volga River is the longest river in Europe.

Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

5. Climate: It is dominated by temperate continental climate, with long and cold winters and short and warm summers.

6. Economy: Natural resources are diverse, with abundant reserves and developed heavy industry.

Eurasian Continental Bridge.

7. City: Political Center-Moscow Baltic Sea-St. Petersburg

Arctic Ocean Coast-Murmansk Pacific Coast-Vladivostok (Vladivostok)

Chapter 8: Other countries, rivers and regions in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Part I: The Middle East

1. Location: Three continents and five oceans, connecting Asia, Europe and Africa, and connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

The Turkish Strait and the Suez Canal.

2. Resources: The areas with the largest oil reserves, the largest oil production and export volume are mainly distributed in the Persian Gulf and its coastal areas, and are mainly transported to developed countries and regions such as Western Europe, the United States and Japan.

The Strait of Hormuz

3, water resources: water resources are extremely scarce, tropical and subtropical desert climate.

4. Race: white race

5. Religion: Most people believe in Christianity, a few believe in Christianity, Judaism and other religions, and the holy city of three religions: Jerusalem.

6. Civilization: ancient Babylonian civilization: Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

Part II: Western Europe

1. Economy: Most of them are developed countries, covering an area of 5 million square kilometers. The European Union has 27 member countries and a unified currency: the euro.

2. Industry: mainly manufacturing, importing raw materials, fuel and grain, and exporting finished products such as machinery, automobiles, chemicals and food.

3. Animal husbandry: Forage (green gold) The output value of animal husbandry in Britain accounts for 70% of agriculture, and the proportion of animal husbandry in France and Germany is slightly higher than that in planting. Holland and Denmark are world-famous dairy countries.

4. Topography: mainly plain, including Eastern Europe Plain, Western Europe Plain and Bode Plain; Alps; Three peninsulas: Iberian Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula.

5. Rivers: Danube, the largest river in European countries; The busiest river in the world: the Rhine.

6. Climate: temperate maritime climate.

7. Tourism: Mediterranean sunny beach, Nordic fjord scenery, alpine mountaineering and skiing, Paris Tower, Dutch windmill, etc.

Section III: Sub-Saharan Africa

1, the hometown of blacks: more than 600 million people, more than 90% of whom are black.

2. Economy: Single commodity economy, exporting minerals, timber, livestock products or tropical cash crops, and importing industrial products such as machinery and automobiles.

Such as cocoa exports from Ghana.

The main reason for Africa's economic backwardness: long-term colonial rule

4. Population: The natural growth rate of population ranks first in all continents. Backward agricultural development and insufficient food supply lead to the expansion of cultivated land, the destruction of ecological environment and a vicious circle.

5. Terrain: Plateau continent, the highest peak: Kilimanjaro, the largest island in Africa: Madagascar, the largest rift zone in the world: the Great Rift Valley in East Africa.

6. Climate: Tropical continent and savanna have the widest climate distribution, and the climate is symmetrically distributed in the north and south.

7. Rivers and lakes: Congo River, the second largest river in the world; Nile: the longest river in the world and the largest lake in Africa: Lake Victoria.

Section 4: Australia

1, Location: The largest country in Oceania, with its own continent.

2. Topography: the western part is a low plateau, the central part is a plain, and the eastern part is a great watershed.

3. River: murray river

4. Climate: Tropic of Capricorn passes through, which belongs to tropical desert climate and widely distributed savanna climate.

5. World Museum of Living Fossils: Australian endemic species: kangaroo (national flag), koala, platypus and emu (national flag).

6. Agriculture and animal husbandry: The country riding on the back of sheep has the most sheep and the most wool exports in the world.

7. Industry: a country sitting on a mine car, one of the major exporters of mineral products in the world, and Australia's leading industry: service industry.

8. City: Canberra, the capital, the largest industrial center and the port city of Sydney.

Melbourne-the second largest city in China.

Chapter 9: Countries in the Western Hemisphere

Part I: America

1. immigrants: in 2006, the population exceeded 300 million, and a country composed of immigrants has about 1.6 million Chinese and overseas Chinese.

Formed a unified American country.

The population ranks third in the world.

2. Division: * * It consists of 50 states and two overseas states: Hawaii and Alaska.

3. Topography: the north and south are columnar, and the plain area accounts for half of the total area, including the Rocky Mountain and the Central Plains.

4. Rivers and lakes: The Mississippi River is the fourth longest river in the world, the Great Lakes are the largest freshwater lakes in the world, and Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world.

5. Agriculture: mechanization, specialization, high efficiency and large output. The output and export of agricultural products rank among the top in the world, making it a big agricultural country in the world.

6. Industry: Silicon Valley in the southeast of San Francisco is the earliest and largest high-tech industrial center in the United States.

The United States is the most industrialized country in the world, with complete industrial system, complete types, large output and advanced technology.

Northeast industrial zone

7. Resource consumption: The United States is also the largest resource consumer and waste emitter in the world.

8. City: Capital-Washington Financial Center-new york.

Review content of the first volume of the eighth grade

Chapter I Territory of China

The first section:

1, the location of China.

China is located in the _ _ _ _ _ _ hemisphere (northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere). _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Most of them are located in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. Vast territory

China's land area is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more than ten thousand square kilometers. What are the areas close to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Among them, the country with two discontinuous borders with China is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ From north to south, the adjacent ocean is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. There are _ _ _ _ _ countries across the sea. From north to south, South Korea, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3. Four borders of our territory

The easternmost point: the intersection of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ River and _ _ _ _ _ _ River.

The southernmost tip: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n)

The westernmost point: Xinjiang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ plateau (73? e)

The northernmost point: the center line of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ main channel (53? n)

The distance between the eastern and western ends of China territory is about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kilometers, and the distance between the northern and southern ends is about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4, 34 provincial administrative divisions

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Names, abbreviations, shapes and provincial administrative centers of 34 provincial administrative units.

(Text 10 Page Tables and Atlas Pages 4 and 5)

Section 2:

5. The most populous country

The total population of China is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ billion (data in 2000), accounting for more than _ _ _ _ _ of the world population. China regards _ _ _ _ _ _ as a basic national policy.

At present, China's population is still growing at the rate of120,000 per year, which is mainly due to the large population of _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Population policy: implement family planning, control population and improve population quality.

Specific requirements: late marriage, late childbirth, fewer births and healthier births.

6. Population distribution

China's average population density is _ _ _ _ _ _ people per square kilometer, which is _ _ _ _ times the world average population density (39 people per square kilometer); The population distribution in China is bounded by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

The most populous provincial administrative region in China is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ province.

Population density = total population/total area

Section 3:

7.56 ethnic groups

China is made up of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ethnic groups, of which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ethnic group has the largest population. The other 55 ethnic groups that account for _ _ _ _ _ _ _% are collectively called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The largest population is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people _ _ _ _ _ _ The ethnic minorities on the island of Taiwan Province Province are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

The Han nationality is distributed all over the country, with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ the most concentrated, and the ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Chapter II Topography and Geomorphology

The first section:

1, terrain three steps.

The topography of China is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ high and low, and the western part is dominated by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The average elevation of the first step is above _ _ _ _ _ _ meters, including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The second step includes the platform period of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The dividing line between the first step and the second step is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mountain range, _ _ _ _ _ _ mountain range and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mountain range; The dividing line between the second step and the third step is _ _ _ _ _ _ ridge, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mountain range and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Xuefeng Mountain.

2. The terrain is complex and diverse

The basic characteristics of the four plateaus, four great basin and three plains are "three mountains and two basins"

3. Topography of the main mountains and the mountains on both sides (combined with map memory)

mountain range

Topographic areas on both sides

West Manhattan

slum

Hengduanshan

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin

Wu Shan

Sichuan Basin

Plains of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Taihang Mountains

loess plateau

North China Plain

Daxinganling

Inner Mongolian Plateau

Northeast Plain [the largest plain in China]

mountain range

Topographic areas on both sides

Beizha

south

Mt. Tianshan

Junggar Basin

Tarim Basin

Kunlun Mountains

Tarim Basin

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

4. The mountains are vast.

Mountainous areas (including mountains, rugged plateaus and hills) account for about two-thirds of the total land area of the country, and mountains and plateaus are mostly concentrated in the western region.

Mountain areas have great advantages in developing tourism, mining and agricultural diversification, some of which are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

The transportation in mountainous areas is inconvenient and the infrastructure construction is difficult.

While developing mountainous areas, we should pay attention to disaster prevention and avoidance in mountainous areas: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.