Climate physicist won the Nobel Prize for the first time. What scientific and technological achievements have they made?

202 1 Nobel Prize in Physics has been announced, and three people have shared this prize, two of them are climate physicists and the other is a "traditional" physicist. This is also the first time that a climatologist has won the Nobel Prize in Physics since its establishment.

The two award-winning climatologists are Japanese-American scientist Shuro Shingo and German scientist Klaus Hasselman. Another physicist is the Italian scientist Giorgio parisi.

So, which scientific achievement did these two climatologists win this honor? That is the related research of "establishing a physical model of the earth's climate, quantifying its variability and reliably predicting global warming". In other words, the global warming problem that everyone knows and worries about at present is predicted by these two scientists through physical models.

This research is not a recent achievement. In 1950s, Shuro Makoto began to study how the increase of CO2 level caused the temperature rise, and based on this, a numerical model was established. At the same time, the model also proves that the influence of oxygen and nitrogen on the surface temperature can be ignored, while the influence of CO2 is obvious: when its concentration doubles, the global temperature will rise by more than 2%. This achievement was officially published in 1975 and is widely regarded as one of the milestones in deciphering climate change.

Hasselman, another climatologist, discovered the law of climate change in the rapid and chaotic weather changes, and linked the weather with the climate. It also created a stochastic climate model to prove that a rapidly changing atmosphere will actually lead to a slow change in the ocean.

1967, they published the paper "Atmospheric Heat Balance with Given Relative Humidity Distribution", identified CO2 as the chief culprit of global warming, and established a climate model with physical real results for the first time. Therefore, today's people have a certain theoretical basis in the face of global warming, and based on this, they put forward the concepts of zero carbon and carbon neutrality.