Trench weather

When going out in thunderstorm weather, it is best to wear rubber shoes, which can play a role in heat preservation; Don't answer and call the mobile phone outdoors, because the electromagnetic wave of the mobile phone will also attract lightning strikes; Don't stay at the top of the mountain, on the roof, etc. Don't stay at the water's edge, swimming pool or depression, but quickly hide in a dry house; Don't run and jump in the rain, immediately squat down with your feet together, bend your head forward, reduce your height and reduce the damage caused by stepping voltage; Don't shelter from the rain under trees, telephone poles, billboards and various iron towers, and don't stay near iron gates, iron fences, metal clotheslines, overhead metal bodies and railway tracks, because these are equivalent to a lightning protection device. If you accidentally touch them, you are easily struck by lightning. Don't stay in the thunderstorm with metal objects; At home, try to stay away from all kinds of electrical equipment and metal pipes, turn off electric lights, televisions, radios and other appliances, and unplug the electrical plug from the socket.

Lightning protection knowledge in summer

1, don't stay on the top of the mountain, ridge or buildings.

2. Don't stay near iron gates, iron fences, metal clotheslines, overhead metal bodies and railway tracks.

3, should quickly hide in buildings (structures) with lightning protection devices, or all kinds of vehicles and ships with metal shells. If you don't meet the above conditions, you should immediately squat down with your feet together, bend your head forward, and lower your height to reduce the harm caused by stepping voltage. Because lightning will gradually release energy around along the ground when it flows through the lightning landing point. At this time, due to the difference of potential difference, a certain voltage may be generated between the front foot and the back foot of the walking person.

4. Don't shelter from the rain under trees, telephone poles, billboards and various iron towers. Because at this time, the wet branches of the tree are equivalent to a lightning device. If you touch trees, telephone poles, billboards and all kinds of iron towers with your hands, it's like holding a lightning protection device down the wire, and you are likely to be struck by lightning.

5. Don't stay by the water (rivers, lakes, seas, ponds, canals, etc.). ), swimming pool, depression, hurry to the nearby dry room to escape.

6. Don't stay in the thunderstorm with metal objects, because metal objects are conductive substances, which can sometimes play a role in attracting thunder in thunderstorm weather. The metal objects carried with you should be temporarily placed 5 meters away, and then picked up after the lightning activity stops.

7. Don't touch or get close to lightning protection downlead, tap water pipe, household appliance grounding wire, trunk and other objects that may be charged due to lightning strike, so as to prevent contact with voltage, lightning strike and side attack.

8. Don't answer and call the mobile phone outdoors, because the radio waves of the mobile phone can also cause thunder.

9. When going out in thunderstorm weather, it is best to wear rubber shoes, which can keep warm.

10 when it thunders, the first thing to do is to close the doors and windows to prevent lightning from hitting the room directly and spherical lightning from floating into the room.

1 1. Keep away from metal water pipes and sewer pipes connected to the roof indoors.

12. You should not use the shower. Although the metal water pipes of newly-built houses are generally equipotentially connected with lightning protection and grounding, lightning current may still cause casualties through water flow conduction.

13, thunderstorm weather, try not to call or answer the phone, and don't use your mobile phone to surf the Internet. You should unplug the power supply of household appliances, telephone lines and TV feeders and other metal wires that may introduce lightning into the room. The safe and scientific way is to install power arrester on power line, telephone arrester and antenna feeder arrester on telephone line, and take reliable grounding protection measures.

14. Keep the house dry. The house leaks rain, so it should be repaired in time.

15, the insulator iron foot of incoming power cord should be reliably grounded, and the protective ground wire in the indoor power socket should be well connected.

16. Don't pull the iron wire for drying clothes and bedding to the window or the door to prevent the iron wire from causing lightning.

17, don't stay in the rain without lightning protection or isolation booths for a long time. Pay attention to avoid wires, don't stand under the light bulb, and it is best to cut off the power supply or use electrical appliances.

Human lightning protection

The disasters caused by lightning not only cause economic losses, but also harm people's lives. When a person is struck by lightning, the current quickly passes through the human body, which can cause respiratory center paralysis, cardiac arrest and burns to varying degrees. In severe cases, brain tissue will die of lack of oxygen.

When lightning happens, we should pay attention to the following points: ① Don't venture out without special needs; Even if you go out, it is best not to ride horses, bicycles or motorcycles; ② Household appliances, such as radios, televisions, computers, telephones, etc. , should be avoided as much as possible. Outdoor antenna and power cord should be grounded, and air conditioners, refrigerators and range hoods should also be stopped to prevent induction lightning and lightning waves. (3) The doors and windows of the house should be closed. Conditional family, doors and windows can be installed with metal mesh cover, well grounded to prevent spherical lightning from entering the room; ④ Try not to use radios and televisions with external antennas, and don't answer the phone.

When lightning happens, if people are outdoors, they should pay attention to the following points: ① It is not advisable to stay near small buildings, garages and carports without lightning protection facilities. We should look for shelter at once. Concrete buildings with lightning rods, steel frames or steel plates are good places for lightning protection, and vehicles with complete metal compartments can also be used. ② It is not advisable to stay near iron fences, metal clotheslines, overhead metal bodies and railway tracks. In particular, do not approach any part of lightning protection equipment, because when lightning strikes directly, strong lightning current will cause casualties. ③ Do not carry metal objects in the open air, do not use metal umbrellas, and do not carry badminton rackets, golf clubs and other tools on your shoulders; ④ If you are driving, please turn off the radio and other electromagnetic communication equipment. ⑤ You should quickly hide in buildings (structures) with lightning protection devices, or vehicles with metal roofs and ships with metal shells. 6. If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, try to reduce the center of gravity and the contact area between the human body and the ground. You can squat down, put your feet together, tuck your knees in your hands and bend forward. If you wear a dry raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better Don't lie on the ground, in trenches or in pits.

What are the main preventive measures to avoid lightning hazards?

First of all, personal protection must be strengthened everywhere to prevent lightning strikes. When going out to work in thunderstorm season, take rain gear, such as rubber shoes, raincoat or umbrella, and bring as few metal objects as possible according to the weather conditions. When encountering a thunderstorm in the wild, you should choose a favorable place nearby as soon as possible to avoid it, and don't go out in the rain and wear wet clothes and go barefoot for field work activities. When looking for shelter, try to choose buildings with lightning protection devices, vehicles with metal roofs, ships with lightning protection devices or closed metal ships, streets with building barriers or roads with tall tree barriers. After entering the bunker, be careful not to get close to walls, car walls and trees. If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place for a while and feel that the situation is serious, find a low-lying place nearby, squat down quickly where there is no water, and wait until after the thunderstorm. When encountering ball lightning (rolling fireball), remember not to run, so as to avoid ball lightning rolling along the airflow. Especially in tuyere or low-lying areas, special attention should be paid to spherical lightning. During a thunderstorm, you should try not to move in the highlands and water. When working in high mountain areas, be careful not to go up and down vertically along the mountain, and keep a distance when there are many people. At the same time pay attention to isolated trees, flagpoles, pagodas, etc. Often vulnerable to lightning, don't go to these places to shelter from the rain or stay in the wild. Don't operate all kinds of instruments and equipment for a long time when it is not necessary to work in thunderstorm weather. Even if you carry a wooden handle hammer and shovel, don't shake it back and forth on your shoulders and head.

During the thunderstorm season, there should be some lightning protection measures indoors: try to stay away from all kinds of wires and electrical equipment, such as lights, telephones, televisions, etc. And pay special attention not to wear earplugs to listen to the radio and use mobile phones. Try to stay away from the beams and columns, metal pipes, windows, stoves and chimneys in the house, turn off the electric lights, televisions, radios and other appliances, and unplug the electrical plugs from the sockets. Close the doors and windows when the thunderstorm is fierce, and it is best not to touch the pillars and walls of the house.

If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, try to reduce the center of gravity and the contact area between the human body and the ground. You can squat down, put your feet together, put your hands on your knees and bend forward. If you wear a raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better. Don't lie on the ground, in trenches or in pits.

If you are in the wild, don't be near the open places or the lonely trees on the top of the mountain, which are the most vulnerable to lightning. Don't stay in open water or in small boats. Do not stay in the following places: the edge of tall trees and forests, around electric wires and flagpoles, tall objects without lightning protection equipment, such as haystacks, tents, railway tracks, long metal railings and other huge metal objects, hilltops, commanding heights and other places. In addition, people in the wild, whether moving or static, should be separated by a few meters. Don't crowd together or hide in bigger caves.

If you happen to be at home during heavy lightning, it is recommended not to venture out without special needs; Close the doors and windows; Try not to use radios and televisions with external antennas, and don't answer the phone. Even if you go out, it is best not to ride horses, bicycles or motorcycles; Don't carry metal objects in the open air; Do not go near any part of lightning protection equipment.

In particular, you should try to avoid answering your cell phone in thunderstorm weather, especially when you are traveling outside and in an open place. Be sure to turn off your cell phone in thunderstorm weather. Because after the mobile phone is turned on, the electromagnetic wave emitted can easily lead to inductive lightning, turning the mobile phone into a lightning rod, and it is easy for tourists to be struck by lightning. In view of this, some scenic spots in China should set up tourist warning signs of "no use of mobile phones in thunderstorm days".

Meteorologists point out that if you are still outdoors when lightning strikes, you should pay attention to the following points:

Don't stay on the top of the mountain, ridge or building.

It is not advisable to stay near iron fences, metal clotheslines, overhead metal bodies and railway tracks.

Not suitable for swimming in outdoor swimming pools and lakes.

Do not stay under isolated trees or chimneys.

It is not advisable to drive a motorcycle or ride a bike.

It is not advisable to carry an umbrella in an open field, and it is not advisable to carry metal tools, badminton rackets and golf clubs on your shoulders.

You should quickly hide in buildings protected by lightning protection facilities, or in various vehicles with metal roofs and cabins with metal shells.

If you do not meet the above conditions, you should kneel down immediately, lean forward and put your arms around your knees.

If you are near a building with lightning protection facilities when a thunderstorm occurs, you should also pay attention to the following points:

It is not suitable to move on buildings, because when direct lightning strikes buildings, strong current will cause casualties.

Do not touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire, metal doors and windows, external walls of buildings, and stay away from live equipment such as wires or other similar metal devices.

Close the doors and windows to prevent dangerous side lightning and ball lightning from invading.

Don't use computers, color TVs, stereos, DVD players and other weak current devices near the external walls of your home. It is best not to use these devices when lightning occurs.

Of course, if you know the weather in advance, such as listening to and watching the weather forecast, querying the lightning information and radar rain information online, you can predict the lightning risk and take preventive measures to avoid or reduce the losses caused by lightning. The weather online website provides China users with detailed weather information in China, such as weather forecast every 6 hours, lightning maps of European countries and radar echo data every 15 minutes. These data are helpful for you to evaluate the risk of lightning strike and prevent the life danger and property loss caused by lightning strike.

In summer, the hot weather almost torments us. Everyone is looking forward to the heavy rain accompanied by rumbling thunder, but the recent lightning strikes have made it difficult for people to enjoy the coolness and pleasure brought by the rain. How harmful is lightning? How can we scientifically prevent lightning strikes? It is never too late to mend. With these questions, we interviewed Lei, director of Beijing Lightning Protection Safety Testing Center.

Q: What is the probability of lightning disaster?

Expert: Compared with other natural disasters, the probability of lightning strike is relatively small, but every lightning strike accident will cause a certain degree of loss. In 2000, the transmission of Shanghai Stock Exchange was interrupted by lightning for 54 minutes, and the loss of these 54 minutes was hard to estimate. Since the beginning of this year, there have been a total of 15 lightning accidents in Beijing, and the economic loss has exceeded10.5 million, of which the loss of electronic equipment has exceeded 90%.

Q: Is it foolproof to install lightning rods in buildings?

Expert: There are several different forms of lightning protection devices in buildings. Lightning rod, lightning belt and lightning protection network can all play the role of lightning protection. However, this lightning arrester is only a direct lightning protection method. Due to the wide application of electronic equipment, the direct lightning protection of the original building is far from enough.

Q: Why do modern electronic equipment particularly need lightning protection?

Expert: The withstand voltage of general office electrical equipment and household appliances can only reach tens of volts, and the maximum current passed is more than ten amperes. When it thunders, there will be a strong magnetic field in the air. At the same time, the magnetic field will radiate outward, and the instantaneous current can reach tens of kiloamperes or even hundreds of thousands of amperes, and the instantaneous voltage can reach tens of kilovolts or even hundreds of thousands of volts. Such a strong voltage and current is unbearable for electronic equipment. If lightning enters the room along the power line, data line or other ways, it will cause destructive damage to the equipment and even endanger people's lives.

Nowadays, a large number of electronic devices are widely used in work and life, and the requirements for lightning protection are getting higher and higher. Therefore, corresponding protection measures should be taken on the power supply and signal lines. The office unit shall provide professional lightning protection for the computer room and communication equipment, and do a good job in the daily maintenance and maintenance of lightning protection equipment, and shall be inspected regularly by professionals according to regulations to ensure that the facilities are in good condition.

Q: Can closing the window play a lightning protection role? Expert: Closing the window can play a certain role, but when encountering a strong thunderstorm, the window can't close the lightning. 20011/July 65438, a lightning strike accident occurred in a residential building on East Road of Beijing Gymnasium. The fireball penetrated two layers of glass windows, and the instantaneous powerful current made a hole the thickness of a finger on the gas meter, and the two-foot-long blue flame suddenly jumped out. Fortunately, the gas valve was closed in time to avoid further losses. It can be seen that closing the window is not everything. In order to prevent lightning from entering the house, metal doors and windows should be grounded. If lightning strikes doors and windows, it will introduce current into the earth and will not cause the loss of indoor personnel and equipment.

Q: What are the simple lightning protection measures when there is lightning?

Expert: It is best to turn off indoor electrical equipment such as TV and computer, disconnect all power supplies and signal lines, and keep a certain distance between ports. At the same time, avoid answering mobile phones and using devices such as radios with external antennas.

Q: What should I pay attention to when doing outdoor activities?

Expert: Don't walk in the open air with metal objects and don't use metal umbrellas. It is best not to ride horses, bicycles or motorcycles. If you are driving, turn off the radio and other electromagnetic communication equipment.

If you are in the wild, you should look for shelter immediately. Concrete buildings with lightning rods, steel frames or steel plates are good places for lightning protection, and vehicles with complete metal compartments can also be used, but be careful not to be near any part of lightning protection equipment. When there is no shelter in the wild, don't go near the open area or the lonely trees on the top of the mountain. These places are most vulnerable to lightning. Don't stay in open waters and boats; Don't stay at the edge of tall trees and forests, around wires and flagpoles, and near tall objects without lightning protection devices, such as haystacks and tents. Stay away from huge metal objects such as railway tracks and long metal railings, and avoid standing on the top of mountains and commanding heights.

If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place in the wild, you should try to reduce the center of gravity and the contact area between the human body and the ground, but don't lie prone on the ground, trenches or pits. If you can wear a raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better. People in the wild should not crowd together, but take refuge in bigger caves.