Information about table tennis

Table tennis, the national sport of the Republic of China.

[Edit this paragraph] Table tennis English words

1. table tennis, ping-pong: a ball game played on the table, using a wooden racket and a small Made with plastic balls.

2. Table tennis ball: The ball used in table tennis is made of celluloid and has a diameter of four centimeters.

Table tennis is our country’s national sport. Our country occupies a strong position in the history of table tennis. We must continue to work hard and strive for greater improvement.

[Edit this paragraph] Overview of table tennis

Table tennis (table tennis in English) is one of the ball sports.

The rules of table tennis and tennis are basically the same. Table tennis is played on a table, so it is called "tennis on the table".

When playing ball, the ball makes a "ping-pong" sound, so it is called "ping-pong".

The current table tennis ball has a diameter of 40.00 mm, a weight of 2.40-2.53 grams, is white, yellow or orange, and is made of celluloid. The table tennis table is 274 cm long, 152 cm wide and 76 cm high, with a horizontal net in the middle. , each player stands on one side of the table and hits the ball with a racket. The ball must bounce on the table before it can hit back over the net. It is effective if it lands on the opponent's table. The game is divided into 11 rounds (sometimes the 21-point system has been implemented for a long time, and the earliest 100-point system even appeared) and adopts the best-of-five games (team) or the best-of-seven games (individual). The competition is divided into team and individual events (singles, doubles, mixed doubles).

Table tennis originated in England at the end of the 19th century and is said to have originated from tennis. It is said that at that time, several college students used the table as a venue and used wooden boards to push wine bottle corks around on the table like playing tennis, so it was called "table tennis", which is also the English "table tennis" of table tennis. origin. Around 1900, due to the development of light industry, the ball was changed to a hollow ball made of celluloid. Hewitt, a printer in New York, concocted an artificial plastic that looked like ivory and became soft when heated and hardened when cooled. He named it celluloid. In 1869, Hewitt used celluloid to make a batch of table tennis balls. Popular with people. Nowadays, table tennis balls are mostly made of plastic made of cotton. After the 19th century, table tennis gradually developed. The first large-scale table tennis competition was held in Queen's Hall, London, England in December 1900, setting a precedent for table tennis competitions. More than three hundred people participated in the competition. During competition, male athletes must wear shirts with starched collars and waistcoats, while female athletes must wear skirts and even hats.

In 1926, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was formally established and decided to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. Over the past fifty years, the development of table tennis has gone through approximately three stages. In the early days, although the rackets used by athletes came in different shapes, they were all made of wood and the ball hit was slow. The power is small and there is no rotation; the playing style is also monotonous, just pushing the ball around.

In 1936, the 10th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Bugera, Hungary. An amazing situation occurred in the competition. The men's team championship match was held in Romania and Austria. The match starts at 21:00 on Sunday. The clinker and clinker sides sent three chippers. Since the playing styles were the same, the level of both sides was close, and they both used mushroom tactics. They were unwilling to challenge easily and tried to win from the opponent's mistakes. At three o'clock in the game, it was still 2:2. Local regulations stipulated that public places must close at 3 o'clock, which prompted police intervention. In the end, it took 31 hours for Austria to win 5:4.

In 1903, the Englishman Goode invented the rubber racket, which effectively promoted the development of table tennis technology. From 1926 to 1951, players from all over the world mostly used rubber rackets with cylindrical particles on the surface. When hitting the ball, the elasticity and friction are increased, which can cause the ball to rotate to a certain extent, so the defensive play of cutting backspin has emerged. This style of play has been popular in Europe for a long time, and many athletes have won world championships using this style of play. The advantages of table tennis during this period were in Europe, among which the Hungarian team had the most outstanding results. Among the 117 world championships, they won 57 and 5, accounting for half of the European teams. But this kind of racket can only produce backspin. Everyone is like this. If you keep grinding and grinding, even if you win the championship, it is meaningless. In the early 1950s, the Austrians invented the sponge racket, and Japanese sportsmanship was used in world competitions, and they won four championships in the 19th World Championships, breaking the monopoly of European athletes. Because Japanese athletes use this racket to create a long-draw offensive style of play from far away, which has the advantages of strong forehand attack power, fast speed, and great threat of serve and attack. Therefore, European players with slow speed, weak spin, and weak attack power The defensive style of play was gradually replaced, allowing Japan to gain the advantage of table tennis in the 1950s. From 1952 to 1959, among the 49 world championships, the Japanese team won 24 events, accounting for 47%. This is the first major improvement in the level of table tennis.

After Rong Guotuan won the men's singles championship at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships in 1959, Chinese athletes began to enter the international table tennis scene.

Gradually, a pen-hold close-to-the-table fast attack style with a technical style of "fast, accurate, ruthless, and changeable" was formed. In the 26th World Championships in 1961, the Chinese team not only passed the European level, but also defeated the Japanese players who used the long draw and secret weapon of "Loop Ball" to win the men's team title for the first time. World Champion. And won the 27th and 28th consecutive men's team championships. The advantages of China's close-to-the-table fast attack are its close stance, fast speed, flexible movements, and ease of use of both forehand and backhand. It is a big step forward compared to Japan's far-to-the-table long whip. In the 1960s, China's table tennis technical level was at the forefront of the world, and the advantage of table tennis shifted from Japan to China. This is the second major improvement in the level of table tennis.

While table tennis was developing in Japan and China, European athletes learned lessons from their failures. After nearly two decades of hard work, they finally adopted the combination of Japanese loop ball technology and China's near-table fast break style. Long, create an advanced style of play suitable for them, that is, a style of play based on loop balls combined with fast breaks. Representative figures are Hungary's Krampal and Jonil. A style of play that focuses on fast breaks combined with loop shots. It uses forehand and backhand fast breaks as the main technique, uses backhand quick breaks to strive for the initiative, and uses forehand loop shots to find opportunities for smashes as a scoring method. The representative figures are Bengtsen of Sweden and Orlofsky of the Czech Republic. The characteristics of these two playing styles are strong placement, fast speed, the ability to pull and hit, low pull and high hit, and a large room for maneuver. Table tennis has advanced to a new level where placement and speed are closely combined. This is the third major improvement in the level of table tennis.

Since the 1970s, due to the strengthening of international exchanges and study and research, various playing styles have learned from each other's strengths, resulting in faster development and improvement of table tennis technology. For example, my country's close-to-the-table fast break, pen-hold fast break combined with loop shots, and horizontal fast break combined with loop shots have all developed and innovated, and have achieved excellent results in international competitions. Now, table tennis has developed into one of the favorite sports for people all over the world. The International Table Tennis Federation also has 127 member associations/is one of the largest sports organizations in the world. There are countless world championships, World Cups, intercontinental competitions and international competitions of various sizes and forms organized by the ITTF and table tennis federations on all continents. In 1982, the International Olympic Committee's decision to list table tennis as an official Olympic event from 1988 will surely arouse further attention from countries around the world to table tennis and promote the faster development of table tennis.

The origin of the name table tennis

In 1890, several British naval officers stationed in India accidentally discovered that they were playing tennis on a small table. For stimulation. Later, they used small hollow leather balls instead of solid balls with little elasticity, and used wooden boards instead of tennis rackets to play this novel "tennis game" on the table. This is where the name table tennis comes from.

Not long after Table Tennis appeared, it became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce sets of table tennis competition equipment. Initially, table tennis had other names, such as Indoor tennis. Later, an American manufacturer created the new word ping-pong based on the sound made by the impact of the table tennis ball, and used it as a patented registered trademark for the "ping pong ball" he manufactured. Ping-pong later became another official name for table tennis. When it spread to China, people coined the new word "table tennis".

In Japanese, table tennis is called "Takuball". Many words used in table tennis are derived from tennis. The ball used to play table tennis is called ping-pong ball or table-tennis ball, the table tennis table is called ping-pong table, the table is called court, the net in the middle is called net, and the frame supporting the net is called net support.

Table tennis single games generally adopt a best-of-three-game or best-of-five-game system. The so-called "game" in English is set. To serve is called serve.

Table tennis originated in the United Kingdom. Europeans still call table tennis "tennis on the table". It can be seen that table tennis was developed from tennis. At the end of the 19th century, tennis was popular in Europe. However, due to restrictions on venues and weather, some British college students moved tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as nets, parchment as rackets, and playing on the dining table. .

At the beginning of the 20th century, table tennis flourished in Europe and Asia. In 1926, the International Table Tennis Invitational Tournament was held in Berlin, Germany, which was later recognized as the first World Table Tennis Championships. At the same time, the International Table Tennis Federation was established.

The widespread development of table tennis has led to great improvements in rackets and balls. The original racket was a slightly processed wooden board. Later, someone put a layer of sheepskin on the racket. With the development of modern industry, Europeans attached rubber with rubber particles to the racket. In the early 1950s, the Japanese invented a racket with thick sponge. The original ball was a rubber ball similar to tennis. In 1890, British player Gibb brought back some celluloid balls as toys from the United States for table tennis.

In various table tennis games. The most prestigious is the World Table Tennis Championships, which was held annually at first and then held every two years after 1957.

In 1904, Wang Daowu, the owner of a stationery store in Shanghai, bought 10 sets of table tennis equipment from Japan. From then on, table tennis was introduced to China.

Table tennis originated in England around the end of the 19th century, and later spread to the United States, central Europe, Japan, China and South Korea. Table tennis was originally regarded as a recreational activity by many people, but it has developed into one of the major sports in the world. Table tennis was recognized by the Olympic Games in 1988 and officially became a competition event, including men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles.

[Edit this paragraph] Reform of table tennis

"Small ball" turned into "big ball"

In the early 1980s, the Chinese team After winning seven championships in the 36th World Table Tennis Championships, some people put forward suggestions such as making the table tennis balls larger and the nets taller, but this suggestion was not taken seriously.

Since then, table tennis technology has continued to develop, the ball speed has become faster and faster, and the spin has become stronger and stronger. Many players have fewer rounds when playing against each other; sometimes the ball flies like lightning, and the winner has been decided before the audience can see it clearly, which weakens the interest of table tennis enthusiasts. For this reason, Ichiro Ogimura, the former chairman of the ITTF, once considered making table tennis bigger. After Xu Yinsheng became the chairman of the ITTF, he put this matter on the agenda.

In May 1996, the ITTF Board of Directors agreed to the proposal to experiment with larger balls - in order to slow down the speed and rotation of the ball, increase the round and ornamental value, it was recommended to increase the diameter of the table tennis ball by two millimeters. The ITTF planned to conduct a trial at the Youth Championship in Japan the following year, but gave up because the Japanese manufacturers had too many objections. At that time, changing the size of the balls was just a suggestion. If manufacturers wanted to produce larger balls, they would need to invest money to remake the molds and adjust the process. If the suggestion was ultimately rejected, the money would have been wasted.

In order to support the reform of table tennis, Shanghai Double Happiness Table Tennis Group resolutely undertook the trial production task and produced a batch of high-quality balls as required, which were given to member associations by the ITTF for trial use. The China Table Tennis Association, the only company in the world that has instruments for measuring dynamic table tennis speed and rotation, took the initiative to undertake the testing work. Researchers from the Scientific Committee of the Chinese Table Tennis Association conducted "experiments on the effects of table tennis balls of different diameters and weights on batting speed and spin." The experimental conclusion is: a ball with a large diameter is slower than a ball with a small diameter, and its rotation is weaker than a ball with a small diameter; for balls with the same diameter, the ball with greater weight and elasticity is faster and has stronger rotation than the ball with smaller weight and elasticity.

The first test of a big ball was held during the 44th World Table Tennis Championships in 1997, but it had little impact. In the spring of 1998, the Suzhou International Table Tennis "Big Ball" competition proposed by Xu Yinsheng conducted its second trial. The Chinese Table Tennis Association took the initiative to bear the funds for the Suzhou trial competition. In 1999, another international competition using the big ball was held in Copenhagen, Denmark.

At the ITTF Congress held during the 45th World Table Tennis Championships in Dawei in 1999, the "Big Ball Reform" proposal was shelved because it did not receive a three-quarters majority vote. 84 of the 124 members voted in favor, 30 opposed and 10 abstained. The then newly appointed ITTF President Shalala said that some representatives abstained or voted against the vote because they did not understand the impact of this reform measure, and he would do the work of explanation and persuasion.

On February 23, 2000, the ITTF Special Conference and Congress passed the 40 mm ball reform plan in Kuala Lumpur and decided that from October 1, 2000, that is, after the Sydney Olympics, table tennis The ball game will use a large ball with a diameter of 40 mm and a weight of 2.7 grams to replace the small 38 mm ball.

In addition, the reforms of table tennis also include "implementing the '11-point system' to replace the '21-point system'" and "unobstructed serving." The "glue ban" was officially implemented on September 1, 2008, and inorganic glue was used instead. Solvent glue with volatile substances is usually called organic glue or quick-drying glue. Its main components are adhesive colloid and organic solvent. The latter refers to a low-toxic, volatile chemical solvent that can dissolve adhesive colloid, which contains toluene, Xylene and other toxic ingredients, the ITTF has certain restrictions on toxic ingredients in glue. Organic glue can increase the elasticity of the sponge and increase the speed of the bat. Every athlete needs to apply glue to the racket several times before participating in the competition. This is also regarded as an essential weapon in table tennis competitions. Inorganic glue is colorless and odorless. The dilution is similar to water. It does not increase the elasticity of the sponge. It only needs to be brushed once. The base plate of this glue is easy to clean without leaving any residue.

[Edit this paragraph] China’s table tennis

Table tennis is known as China’s “national sport”

Rong Guotuan, China’s No. 1 player in the world Champion

Deng Yaping, the president of the International Olympic Committee personally awarded her the gold medal

Liu Guoliang, the current head coach of the men's team

Shi Zhihao, the current coach of the women's team

Champions won by the Chinese team in previous World Table Tennis Championships

[Edit this paragraph] The birthplace of the Chinese table tennis myth

In 1992, Zhang Xielin led the Chinese women’s table tennis team The team is preparing for the 25th Olympic Games and is stationed at the Zhengding training base for the first time. It is the predecessor of the Zhengding National Table Tennis Training Base that has produced dozens of world champions in 16 years. What is hard to imagine is that this Zhengding National Table Tennis Training Base, which Cai Zhenhua calls "the best in the world" The predecessor of the table tennis base was just a primary school table tennis team.

Unlike the women’s volleyball team’s Zhangzhou base and football’s Xianghe base, the development of the Zhengding base does not rely on administrative orders and state investment. Looking back at the development history of the Zhengding training base, its starting point is quite dramatic, and it can eventually become a "national football team". "The base camp relies entirely on the persistence of a physical education teacher.

Zhengding is located in the Jizhong Plain, connected to Beijing and Shijiazhuang to the north, and has convenient transportation. This is one of the reasons why the Chinese table tennis team has set up its training base here.

Zhengding is located in the Jizhong Plain. It was known as Changshan and Zhending in ancient times. Historically, it was known as the "Three Great Towns of the North" together with Beijing and Baoding. It is the north gate of Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province. It has an advantageous geographical location and convenient transportation. The Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, National Highway 107, and Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway run through the north and south. The Shijiazhuang-Dezhou Railway, Shijiazhuang-Taiwan Railway, National Highway 307, and Shijiazhuang Expressway pass through the territory. The Shijiazhuang Airport located within the territory has opened more than 20 domestic and international routes