Popular science knowledge

Atmospheric pollution mainly refers to chemical pollution of the atmosphere. There are many types of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, and there are dozens of them that are seriously harmful to the human body. my country's air pollution belongs to coal-type pollution. The main pollutants are smoke and sulfur dioxide. In addition, there are also nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These pollutants mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and are directly transported to the body through the blood without going through the detoxification function of the liver. Therefore, chemical pollution in the atmosphere is very harmful to human health. This hazard can be divided into three types: chronic poisoning, acute poisoning and carcinogenesis.

Chronic poisoning The concentration of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere is generally relatively low, which mainly produces chronic poisoning effects on the human body. Scientific research shows that chemical pollution in urban air is an important cause of diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma. Acute poisoning: When factories emit large amounts of harmful gases and there is no wind or fog, chemical pollutants in the atmosphere cannot easily disperse, which can cause acute poisoning. For example, in 1961, three petrochemical companies in Yokkaichi, Japan, continued to emit large amounts of chemical pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, coupled with windless weather, resulting in a high incidence of asthma among local residents. Later, this local air pollution was controlled, and the incidence of asthma also decreased.

Carcinogenesis Chemical pollutants in the atmosphere include carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as 3,4-benzopyrene) and Pb-containing compounds, among which 3,4-benzopyrene The most powerful cause of lung cancer. Burning coal, running cars and cigarette smoke all contain large amounts of 3,4-benzopyrene. Chemical pollutants in the atmosphere can also fall into water bodies, soil and crops. After being absorbed and enriched by crops, they can harm human health.

Atmospheric pollution also includes atmospheric biological pollution and atmospheric radioactive pollution. The main biological pollutants in the atmosphere include pathogenic bacteria, mold spores and pollen. Pathogens can cause people to contract infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and mold spores and pollen can cause allergic reactions in some people. Radioactive pollutants in the atmosphere mainly come from radioactive waste from the atomic energy industry and medical X-ray sources. These pollutants can easily cause skin cancer and leukemia.

Six meals a day to improve immunity

Sleep well: Poor sleep is related to reduced immune system function. T cells in the body are responsible for dealing with viruses and tumors. If you don't get enough sleep, the number of T cells will decrease, and the chance of getting sick will increase. You don’t have to sleep for 8 hours, as long as you feel refreshed when you wake up in the morning.

Do some exercise: Exercise for 30 to 45 minutes every day, the number of immune cells will increase, and the resistance will also increase accordingly. However, if the exercise is too intense or lasts for more than an hour, the body will produce some hormones that suppress the activity of the immune system.

Get a massage: Massage relaxes the body and reduces stress. After receiving 45 minutes of massage every day, your immune function will be significantly improved after 1 month.

Daydream: Daydream for 5 minutes every day, take a deep breath while daydreaming, and let pleasant pictures drift through your mind, which can increase the number of immune cells and Mobility.

Participate in an art activity: Laughter can significantly increase interferon and immune cells become more active. If you think you lack a sense of humor, you can watch more comedies and funny cartoons. Music can increase antibodies against infection and cancer. No matter what kind of music you like, listening to it can stimulate healthy physiological responses.

Communicate with a close friend: People with many friends are not only less likely to catch colds, but also have better immune function than those with withdrawn personalities. Studies have shown that good social relationships can help fight stress, reduce stress, and affect immune cell function.

You should also pay attention to the methods of heating in winter

When the cold snap comes, some people shiver and try to keep warm, but nine out of ten methods are not advisable, such as: < /p>

Activity heating is too strong. Being more active in winter can exercise your body and drive away the cold. However, for the elderly, you must exercise according to your ability. Do not choose sports that have too strong a range of activities or too much activity, but should Choose low-intensity activities such as jogging, cycling, and Tai Chi. If symptoms such as dizziness, headache, weakness in limbs, chest tightness, shortness of breath, insomnia and dreaminess occur after exercise, it means that the amount of exercise is too large, and you should pay attention to reducing the amount of exercise, and stop sports with particularly serious adverse reactions in a timely manner.

The method of keeping warm and keeping warm is useless. Since most elderly people are afraid of the cold, they like to use a hot water bottle to lie close to their body when sleeping, or use an electric blanket to warm the bed to keep them warm. This often causes skin erythema or burns. Generally, the room temperature reaches 18 - At 25 degrees Celsius, it is also the suitable temperature for the human body, so there is no need to use other methods to keep warm.

The heating time in the sun is too long. Some elderly people, when winter comes, they like to take their grandchildren to move a chair to a sunbath to keep warm when they have nothing to do. This is a good thing. Proper exposure to the sun is beneficial to the absorption of calcium, but doctors remind It is said that there is a certain degree of sun exposure. If the time is too long, it will be harmful to the body, because excessive sun exposure will damage the skin, destroy the natural barrier of the human body, and allow harmful chemicals and microorganisms in the atmosphere to invade the human body, causing infection and even Can cause vision loss.

Especially infants and young children have delicate skin and should not be exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time.

Sleeping with your head covered is harmful to your health. Some elderly people like to sleep with their heads covered in winter, thinking that they can keep warm. However, this sleeping method is harmful to health. First, the oxygen content in the quilt will decrease and carbon dioxide and other exhaust gases will gradually increase, affecting normal breathing movements and even causing suffocation. The second reason is that due to the lack of oxygen in the quilt, it is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

1 Weather refers to meteorological phenomena that occur in a short period of time (a few minutes to a few days), such as thunderstorms, hail, typhoons, cold waves, strong winds, etc.

2. What is climate? Climate refers to the long-term average of various meteorological elements in a certain area over a long period of time (months, seasons, years, years, or even hundreds of years, etc.). It is a comprehensive reflection of the basic characteristics of cold, warm, dry, wet and other weather conditions in a region.

3. Climate resources Climate resources refer to light energy, heat energy, precipitation, wind energy, etc. widely existing in the atmosphere, which can be directly or indirectly utilized by people, can form wealth, and have natural substances and values ??that have use value. Energy is a very precious and renewable natural resource. It is the basic condition for the survival and development of human society. It has been widely used in all aspects of the national economy and people's livelihood.

4. Microclimate Microclimate refers to the inconsistency of terrain orientation, soil conditions and vegetation in a local area within a range with the same macroclimatic background, giving the area unique climate conditions. The characteristics of microclimate are mainly reflected in the drastic changes in individual meteorological elements and differences in individual weather phenomena.

.Urban climate is a local climate or microclimate formed due to the influence of urbanization under the background conditions of macroclimate or regional climate. The urban climate presents the characteristics of the so-called "five islands", namely "heat island", "wet island", "dry island", "rain island" and "turbid island".

6. Heat island effect Heat island is a comprehensive phenomenon caused by microclimate changes caused by people changing the urban surface. It is one of the most obvious features of urban climate. Due to the accelerated pace of urbanization, urban buildings are densely packed, and asphalt roads and cement pavements have greater heat capacity and heat absorption rates than soil and vegetation in suburban areas. As a result, urban areas store more heat and radiate it to the surroundings and the atmosphere. , causing the temperature in urban areas to be generally higher than that in surrounding suburbs at the same time. High-temperature urban areas are surrounded by low-temperature suburbs, like islands in the ocean. People call this phenomenon the urban heat island effect.

7. Why is the air pressure higher in winter than in summer? Air pressure refers to the pressure generated by air columns on the earth per unit area. The air pressure in a place changes frequently. When the air pressure decreases, the weather becomes cloudy and rainy; when the air pressure rises, the weather becomes sunny. There are many reasons why air pressure changes. Changes in air temperature are a very important reason for changes in air pressure. When air cools, it shrinks, its density increases, the weight of the air column per unit area increases, and the air pressure also increases. Therefore, when cold air arrives, it is always accompanied by an increase in air pressure; when warm air arrives, the air pressure often decreases. Winter is a world of cold air, and summer is a world of warm air. The reason why air pressure is high in winter and low in summer is very clear.