Anshun disaster weather

The origin of the name of mortar (halberd)

Ice mortar (Ji) refers to a kind of stone mortar that seems to be used for rice milling in ancient China, which was formed in the late Quaternary Glacier Glacier melt water carrying ice chips and debris, and violently impacting and grinding the underlying bedrock from top to bottom in the form of dripping water along the glacier cracks. This is one of the remains of ancient glaciers.

The three characteristics of the ice mortar are "small mouth, big belly and flat bottom". Mortar is a direct product of glaciers. Two or three million years ago, when the extremely thick ice sheet was in the "closed" and "semi-closed" state, when the glacier melt water flowed down the glacier cracks, the bedrock and glacier boulders were strongly impacted by the huge pressure in the ice, swimming and grinding in the form of "cylindrical rhinestones" and finally forming deep pits. These pits are very similar to the stone mortar in the south, so they are called ice mortar.

At present, the largest mortar in the world is Bailongtan mortar discovered in Beijing on 20 10. There are also glacier molars in two places in Guizhou. One is that a group of ancient glacier remains about 10 km long were found in a canyon called Ganhe in Jiela Village, Zhemi Town, Pingtang County, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. The other is: the junction of Duanqiao Town and Dabang Township, Guanling County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province (know how to tie an ice mortar), referred to as Guanling Ice Mortar. It is a part of the upper reaches of Dabang River in Guanling County, with a total length of about 8 kilometers. The whole riverbed is made of stone, but because it was moved by glaciers in the long past, grotesque stone nests and ponds with different shapes were formed. This paper mainly introduces the second Guanling Ice Mortar. In order to facilitate fans to have a more intuitive and refreshing understanding, the full text is divided into four parts to show its style. The first part: the style of the ice mortar canyon; The second part: the small waterfall formed in the mortar; The third part: the small pond formed in the mortar; Part IV: Close-up of the face of the ice mortar.

The first part: the style of the ice mortar canyon.

Formation process of mortar

After the ancient glaciers melted, a large amount of glacial meltwater (including pressure meltwater below 0℃ and glacial mortar water with different sizes above 0℃) flowed down along the glacier cracks, strongly impacting and grinding the rocks under the glaciers and forming holes. Due to the action of glaciers, in the "closed" and "semi-closed" States covered by thick ice, glaciers melt and flow down along the cracks of glaciers. Under the great pressure of ice, they strongly impact, swim and grind down in the form of "cylindrical diamond", forming deep pits, thus forming ice mortar.

Water drops "drill" through the stone, forming a spectacle.

How did such a strange "ice mortar" form? Han Tonglin, a researcher at the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, who is over 70 years old, made a special trip to Bailongtan to take photos and survey in person. "At that time, the Yanqing area was once covered with glaciers 1000 meters thick. During the melting of the glacier, the water fell vertically and fell on the boulder, forming a huge pit. " Han Tonglin told everyone that the formation of mortar, that is, the meltwater of ancient glaciers along the surface cracks of the ice layer, from top to bottom, formed a rolling "diamond" in the form of dripping water through the stone, which strongly impacted the hard granite below. "It is called an ice mortar because it has the characteristics of a small mouth and a big belly, similar to the stone mortar used to pound rice in ancient China." "The surface of the hill is polished very accurately, and it feels very smooth after being washed and ground by glacial meltwater carrying huge round gravel!"

Part II: Waterfalls formed in mortar.

The discovery history of mortars

In China, this kind of mortar was first discovered in 1970s, which is called a major discovery in the geological field of China. Especially, there are a large number of ice mortars distributed on the ridges and peaks in the middle and low mountainous areas in eastern China, which can be called "the wonder of the world" and "the best in the world".

In the 1970s, there were only sporadic records in Huangshan, Lushan and Tibet, and only in Northern Europe, North America and Antarctica. 20 10 Yanqing huge sinkhole is called the great discovery of China geological community. China's original research on mortar originated in the west, and its original translation was called mortar.

Part III: Small pond formed in mortar.

Morphological characteristics of mortar

On the plane of the mortar, most of them are round, nearly round, oval and irregular. Some are like gourds, some are like plum blossoms and some are like melon seeds.

Generally, the mortar mouth is slightly smaller, the middle and lower parts are larger, and the bottom is mostly flat or slightly concave. Shapes are mortar-shaped, dish-shaped, basin-shaped and spoon-shaped. There are also similar "funnel", "vertex", "board wall" and "dragon paw print".

Among them, the deep mortar mouth is small, the abdomen is large and the bottom is flat. There is a gap (or opening) on the upper edge of the mouth, big or small, deep or shallow. Generally, the width of mortar joint is about 0.3 ~ 2m, and the depth is about 0. 1 ~ 2m. Maximum diameter 10.5m, depth 4.5m: minimum is only a few centimeters, about the size of a button.

Part IV: Close-up of the face of the ice mortar.

Research value of mortar

1. About the research environment

Small mortars contain super information, which not only reveals the starting point of global climate evolution, but also shows the motive force of survival of the fittest and human evolution. From the formation process of mortar, it is not difficult to infer that during the ice sheet period two or three million years ago, the world became cold and covered with glaciers. At that time, the earth was like a big snowball. Sudden cold forces human beings to find suitable environment for migration, and people who migrate to different areas are constantly changing to adapt to environmental changes, of which skin color is an important feature.

2. Research on human skin color

Skin color is human's own protective color. At that time, some ancient humans moved from the glacier-covered mountains to the plains and began to live on the yellow land, thus forming a "Loess Development Zone" in East Asia, especially in North China. In order to adapt to the rolling yellow sand and hunting conditions, ancient humans gradually produced yellow to protect skin color. In northern Europe, because the south is the Mediterranean Sea, when the ancient people could not retreat, they had to adapt to the extremely cold "white world", and the intense radiation of ice and snow made the ancient people's skin white and "became the original type of white-skinned people".

Before the global cooling, human skin color should be black. In central Africa, although the temperature has dropped significantly, it still belongs to the tropical rain forest development area. The dark environment in the dim tropical rain forest kept the original black skin of ancient humans. It can be seen that the study of this mortar has important scientific value for exploring the formation of human skin color.

3. Study the climate.

The discovery of this mollusk all over the world has important scientific value and academic significance. The formation of the mortar itself is caused by the change of extreme climate, so it is not surprising that extreme weather occurs frequently around the world at present. It can also be speculated that at the same time, we should be psychologically prepared, and the future may face an extreme climate that has never happened in a thousand years.

Transportation and tourism strategy

First, the flow.

1. Self-driving: Self-driving at Guanlingxia Expressway in front of Baling River Bridge, passing through Duanqiao Town, arriving at Dabang River, and stopping at Dahuadia. After hiking to the downstream, the driver can

Hitchhiking to the parking lot and driving down the river to pick up my teammates.

2. By bus: You can take a bus at Guanling Bus Station to Dabang Township under Dahua Subway. After hiking to the downstream, you can take a bus to and from Guanling County.

Second, travel tips

1. Some tourists like to hike from downstream to upstream. In fact, the best way is to hike from upstream to downstream. When you are tired, you can taste seasonal fruits downstream to supplement your physical strength (it is worth mentioning that Guizhou is vigorously promoting the development of mountain agriculture and planting, and the red pitaya in Guanling is also famous, in addition to sugarcane, grapes and cherries). It's a wonderful thing to take a camping trip with a tent and buy local chickens to eat from local farmers.

2. Of course, don't forget to buy a pack of local firewood and peppers when passing through Broken Bridge Town. These are excellent gifts for yourself or visiting relatives and friends. Chai Hu Chili in Duanqiao Town is a very famous Chili brand in Guizhou, second only to Laoganma. In its heyday, it may not be there later, because the opening of the expressway has gradually become cold and degraded. It would be a pity to see Guanling mortar without a pack of broken bridge firewood and pepper paste!

3. Why is there such tropical fruit in this plateau place of Guizhou?

It turns out that the climate of Guanling is three-dimensional, spanning the south temperate zone, the north subtropical zone and the middle subtropical zone. The climate is mainly humid in the middle subtropical zone, with four distinct seasons, sufficient heat and the same season of water and heat. China's 12.5% low-heat valley area is called "natural greenhouse". Annual average accumulated temperature 16.2℃, annual average maximum temperature 16.9℃, minimum temperature 15.4℃, abundant rainfall, annual precipitation1205.1-kloc-0/656.8mm.

4. The origin of Guanling county name and Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Inguzuoling in Guanling County got its name. According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, marched south, and Guan Suo, the son of Guan Yu, was stationed here, which won the hearts of the people and was felt by the main office, so it was called Guan Suo Ling. Among them, the "one capture and one vertical" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is here. After Kong Ming defeated Marshal Nan Man's Three Holes, he set an ambush for Wang Ping and Guan Suo to lure the enemy. They pretended to be defeated and led Meng Huo, the king of the South, into the canyon. Zhang Ben and Zhang Yi led the troops to catch up, while Wang Ping and Guan Yibing returned to their horses. Meng Huo, who resisted the Han Dynasty, could not resist and was captured alive by Wei Yan. However, Meng Huo was not convinced and said, "I was careless for a moment and fell into your trap. How can I convince people? " Zhuge Liang didn't force him, but let him go back aboveboard.

Disclaimer: The above materials come from the Internet. This article was published by Insight into the World, 20 17 12.08.