Information about human destruction of the environment

The report "Ecosystem and Human Well-being" published by the United Nations Environment Programme on the occasion of "Biodiversity Day" on May 22 said that in recent decades, with the development of economy, biodiversity has been seriously damaged.

Since the early stage of industrialization, the global fishery resources have decreased by 90%; 1/3 amphibians, 1/5 mammals and 1/4 conifers are endangered; Nature's ability to regulate climate, air and water resources is greatly reduced; Natural disasters have an increasing impact on human beings.

Many Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations are related to the environment. Protecting the sustainability of the natural environment is the core pillar to achieve these goals. It is impossible to talk about the goals of reducing poverty, eliminating hunger and disease if the Millennium Goals in the field of environment are not achieved.

The United Nations Environment Programme will set up an "Environmental Supervision Department" to monitor changes in the global natural environment and biodiversity, and issue early warnings and suggestions in a timely manner. The report also calls on governments to attach great importance to environmental issues, seriously adopt the suggestions of scientists, promote the whole society to protect biodiversity, and strive to reverse the trend of great destruction of biodiversity before the end of 20 10. Water is an important substance for human survival. A person who leads an honest and clean life can bring people lush flowers, birds and flowers, tranquility and comfort, picturesque scenery and beautiful environment, and bring people tranquility, joy and peace. But today's polluted water has brought people pain, terror and disaster. In order to make life better, let beautiful mountains and rivers stay in the world forever, and let clear water flow continuously, people have become more and more aware of the importance of preventing water pollution. Sowing green is the hope of sowing excess garbage and environmental problems. From drinking pure water to thinking about garbage recycling and comprehensive utilization. In 2005, an "environmental storm" broke out in China, and 30 projects under construction with a total investment of1/kloc-0.79 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including the Three Gorges Corporation, which is also a ministerial unit. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and belong to illegal projects that have not been approved for construction. Environmental Deterioration There is no turning back for China's environmental problems, which did not start today. As early as 1990s, the problem of environmental pollution was very serious. For example, the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, five types of water quality accounted for 80%, and the whole Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all the year round. 1995, the economic loss caused by environmental pollution reached187.5 billion yuan. According to the calculation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction have accounted for 15% of the total GDP, which means 9% economic growth on the one hand and 15% loss rate on the other. Environmental problems are not only the problem of sustainable development in China, but also the devil that devours economic achievements. At present, China's desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; The cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people in 47/kloc-0 counties in China 18 provinces and autonomous regions are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still increasing at a rate of more than 10000 square kilometers per year. Among the seven major water systems, the water quality with no use value has exceeded 40%. More than 400 of the 668 cities in China are short of water. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province is located at the intersection of Yongjiang River, Yaojiang River and Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, it is necessary to rely on water tankers to run around the clock to transport the water from rural rivers to various enterprises in the city. The average industrial added value of China is 6,543,800 yuan, which requires 330 cubic meters of water consumption and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage. Every time a GDP of 654.38 billion yuan is created, 288,000 tons of wastewater will be discharged. There is also a lot of domestic sewage. More than 80% of them will be directly discharged into rivers without treatment, otherwise there will be no water available in China in 10. The urban population of China13 breathes seriously polluted air, and the land of13 is eroded by acid rain. In economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 1 1% in Shanghai and 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo and Wenzhou, the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%. The maximum allowable emission of sulfur dioxide for basically eliminating acid rain pollution in China is120,000 ~140,000 tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 265,438 0.587 million tons, an increase of 65,438 0.02% compared with 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 65,438 0.04.7%. At the current rate of economic development. As well as the way and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emitted by thermal power plants alone will reach more than 2 1 10,000 tons, and the total emission will exceed the atmospheric environmental capacity 1 times, which will be a serious disaster to the ecological environment and people's health. 65438127 October, it was predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, that the sudden environmental crisis in human history would probably cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future if it was not rectified. Ozone layer: the protective layer for human beings. As we all know, the earth is tightly surrounded by the atmosphere. From the ground, it can be divided into five layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and stratosphere. The troposphere closest to the ground is closest to human beings, which brings complex weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, fog, wind, frost and snow to human beings. There is an ozone layer in the stratosphere above the troposphere with a concentration of 10% and a thickness of 30 kilometers, which can absorb a large amount of radiation from the universe, especially 99% of the ultraviolet rays radiated by the sun to the earth, thus preventing the creatures on the earth from being harmed. Therefore, the ozone layer is called "human protective umbrella". Without this umbrella, the earth will be strongly irradiated by ultraviolet rays, species will be difficult to survive, and human health will be greatly threatened. This is not sensational, but a living fact that is happening, and various ominous signs have appeared in many places. Let's look at the life on the ground under the Antarctic ozone hole. At the southern tip of Chile, near strait of magellan, there used to be many lively fish in the river, but today they have become "blind fish". Wandering sheep have become "blind sheep" because of cataracts, and they are unhappy all day long; The jumping rabbit becomes a "blind rabbit" and hunters can easily catch it; Free-flying wild birds lost their way because of blindness and ran into residents' houses ... what a sad and thought-provoking sight. Who would have thought that the chief culprit of ozone hole is chlorofluorocarbons, which are frequently used in industry and life? Drinking iced drinks in summer was once the exclusive right of ancient emperors. In the past half century, due to the development of industry, chlorofluorocarbons with stable properties, non-flammability, easy storage and low price have been widely used as refrigerants, sprays, foaming agents and cleaning agents. These substances can exist in the atmosphere for a long time and destroy the ozone layer, thus endangering human health and affecting biological growth. From El Nino 1997 to El Nino 1998, it seems that the whole world is suffering from bad weather. The continuous high temperature has caused frequent forest fires around the world. Drought has hit Australia, Chile and other countries, seriously reducing crop yields. The forest fire in Indonesia, which burned for nearly a year, almost drowned the whole Southeast Asia in smoke. It seems that there is a big problem with the earth's climate. In fact, this is just a periodic natural phenomenon. Only when we try our best to find a pattern in their unpredictable footsteps can we better face these two naughty children: El Nino and La Nina. El Nino means "El Nino" in Spanish, which is characterized by an abnormal increase in seawater temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean. In contrast, "Santa La Nina" refers to the abnormal drop of water temperature in the eastern Pacific. The impacts of these two climatic phenomena on the earth's environment have exceeded greenhouse gas emissions and become the primary factors leading to climate anomalies. El Nino and La Nina have been silently accompanying the history of the earth. Scientists claim that El Nino had a devastating impact on the earth's climate 65,438+05,000 years ago. But the history of human understanding of El Nino and La Nina is short. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, meteorologists observed a strange phenomenon. When the air pressure over the western Pacific is higher than normal, the air pressure on the eastern side of the Pacific is lower than normal, and vice versa. Looking at the long-term climate records in the Pacific Ocean, we can find that the pressure in the East and West Pacific Ocean is a seesaw relationship. This phenomenon is called Southern Oscillation. The anomaly of air pressure has caused the anomaly of temperature and precipitation, which has caused great losses to human society and economy. Eight years became the hottest year in 100. Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery all over the world have suffered great blows. Due to the rising sea temperature in the East Pacific, a large number of fish died. 1970 Peru's fish catch reached120,000 tons, but after the strong El Nino in 1972, it dropped sharply to below 2 million tons in 1973. The El Ni? o phenomenon from 1997 to 1998 reduced the fish production in Peru to 38% of the normal year. The warming of the sea has also killed corals in most parts of the world. Corals in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea are all seriously threatened. The year of El Nino is closely related to the year of frequent catastrophic forest fires. 1994 When a forest fire broke out near Sydney, it coincided with the El Ni? o cycle. Historically, many fires in this century are the same. From 1997 to 1998, it seems that the whole world is suffering from bad weather. The continuous high temperature has caused frequent forest fires around the world. Drought has hit Australia, Chile and other countries, seriously reducing crop yields. The forest fire in Indonesia, which burned for nearly a year, almost drowned the whole Southeast Asia in smoke. At present, the cause of El Nino is still inconclusive, and people don't know whether it is a natural disaster or a man-made disaster. There is usually an area with high sea surface temperature in the western Pacific Ocean, which is called the equatorial warm pool. This heat engine sends tens of kilometers of huge clouds into the atmosphere. Warm air flows through the Pacific Ocean, crosses the equator, and finally sinks in the cold sea of the East Pacific Ocean. Warm air flows westward under the influence of trade winds, forming the so-called Walker circulation. In the year when the trade winds weaken, the equatorial warm pool will move eastward, making the Walker circulation area concentrated over the East Pacific Ocean. As a result, the air in northern Australia has become dry, while the atmosphere along the coast of South America has become more humid. This may be a sign that El Nino is coming. Just like seeing clouds in the sky, you know that a storm is coming. To some extent, we can also predict El Nino and La Nina. Many countries in the world have established monitoring systems for El Ni? o and La Ni? a, paying close attention to the subtle changes of water temperature in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Because these changes may be a harbinger of the arrival of the little brother and sister.