Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - The weather for several months
The weather for several months
In temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, March-May is generally spring, June-August is summer, September 9- 10/October is autumn165438+1October, and 12- February is winter. In temperate regions of the southern hemisphere, September ~165438+10 is spring, June ~ August is summer, March ~ May is autumn, and June ~ August is winter.
Seasons divided according to astronomical factors. Because the axis of the earth's rotation is inclined to its orbital plane around the sun (that is, the ecliptic plane), the change of solar radiation on the earth's surface circulates regularly once a year. Every year in the same month, all localities generally have their own climate characteristics. In temperate regions, the hottest period receiving the most solar radiation is usually called summer, the coldest period receiving the least solar radiation is called winter, and the transitional period between them is called spring and autumn. In ancient China, beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter started the four seasons, while many countries in Europe and North America started the four seasons with the vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice. Although the astronomical season has climatic significance, it does not consider geographical and weather factors.
Climate season:
Dividing seasons according to the distribution of climatic factors. The climate season in China was first studied by Zhang (1934). In his article The Distribution of Four Seasons in China, he proposed that the average temperature in five days in winter is below 10C, above 22C in summer, and between 10 ~ 22c in spring and autumn, and drew the length of four seasons in different places. Because the temperature above 10C is suitable for the growth of most crops, and the time above 10C in a year has great influence on agricultural production, it is of great practical significance to divide the seasons in this way.
In addition to temperate seasons, other climatic zones often use other climatic factors to divide climatic seasons because of their special climate. In tropical and sub-tropical areas, the annual change of temperature is small, and the seasons are often divided by the change of precipitation or wind direction, so there are dry seasons and rainy seasons; Northeast trade wind season and southwest trade wind season, etc. This method of dividing seasons is particularly common in the South Asian subcontinent. In most parts of North Africa, a year is divided into three seasons: cool season, hot season and rainy season. Near the polar regions, it is divided into two seasons, namely, summer with eternal days and winter with long nights.
On the plateau of Qinghai-Tibet, the winter is dry and windy, and the summer is rainy for more than half a year, so the whole year can be roughly divided into two seasons: the wind season (dry season) and the rainy season. For other areas with different underlying surfaces, such as oceans and inland areas, forests and grasslands, due to different climates, different criteria for seasonal division can be adopted to meet the needs of local production and life.
The division of astronomical seasons is determined strictly according to the position of the earth's revolution, but due to the climate, the actual seasons in different regions are different. There are many ways to divide the four seasons, and the following four are the most common (taking the northern hemisphere as an example):
In China, the tradition of dividing the four seasons into four stops is the starting point, beginning of spring is the starting point of spring, and so on. In the west, bisection is the starting point of dividing the four seasons, vernal equinox is the starting point of spring, and so on. According to the standard of climate itself-waiting temperature (average temperature of five days), summer is divided into continuous periods with average temperature above 22℃. Winter-a continuous period when the average temperature is below 10℃. The period between Spring and Autumn-10 and 22℃.
According to the above viewpoint, there are six seasonal combinations in the world:
It is summer all year round (the average temperature in each month of the year is above 22℃, mainly distributed near the equator); It is winter all year round (the average temperature in each month of the year is below 10℃, mainly distributed in the polar regions); Long summer without winter (the monthly average temperature in the whole year is lower than 10℃, mainly distributed near the tropic of cancer); Winter is long and there is no summer (there is no month with an average temperature above 22℃ throughout the year, mainly distributed near the South Arctic Circle); Four distinct seasons (mainly distributed on the mainland in mid-latitude areas, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin in China); The seasons are like spring (the average temperature of each month in the whole year is between 10 ~ 22℃, mainly distributed in the plateau area at low latitude and the ocean at middle latitude). Nowadays, astronomical seasons and climatic seasons are generally combined to divide the four seasons. That is, March, April and May are spring, June, July and August are summer, September 10, 1/autumn, 12,1and February are winter.
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