Climatic characteristics of geographical tropical rain forest

The main tropical climate type is 1, and the tropical rain forest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, with high temperature and rainy all year round. The tropical rain forest climate is distributed between north and south latitudes 10 degrees. Specifically, they are mainly distributed in the Amazon River Basin in South America, the Congo River Basin in Africa, the Gulf of Guinea and the eastern part of Madagascar, the southwest coast of the Indian Peninsula in Asia, the coast of Bangladesh, the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, the west coast of Indochina Peninsula, the Philippine Islands and Irian Island, Sumatra Island in Oceania to New Guinea and northeastern Australia. [2][ Edit this paragraph] function

The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks. In a year, the monthly average temperature varies from 24℃ to 28℃, and the annual variation generally does not exceed 5℃, especially in the ocean, which usually does not exceed 1℃. The daily variation of temperature is greater than the annual variation, and the daily variation can reach 10 ~ 15℃, but the daily maximum temperature rarely exceeds 35℃ and the daily minimum temperature is rare. As far as the lower reaches of the Amazon River are concerned, the annual average relative humidity exceeds 90%. There is abundant precipitation, mostly accompanied by thunderstorms. The annual precipitation is 1500 ~ 3000mm, and the maximum is over 6000mm in mountainous areas. For example, the annual precipitation in Debenga at the foot of Cameroon volcano in Africa is 9470 mm, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, but there are still significant differences in individual areas. For example, the Congo River basin in Africa is more continental than the tropical rain forests in Asia and South America, and there is less rainfall in some places, such as Libreville, Gabon, where the monthly rainfall is 200 ~ 300mm from June to May, while it is only 5mm in June and July. In addition, there will be dry and little rain areas in the ocean, such as Modeng Island (4° N,155 W) in the Pacific Ocean, with an annual precipitation of only 730 mm. In the alpine region with tropical rain forest climate, the temperature is low, but its annual change is still very small. These areas, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, can have tropical rain forests or a year-round snow-covered climate, showing a variety of similar natural landscapes from the equator to the polar regions, with the most abundant vertical distribution. [2][ Edit this paragraph] Reason

Tropical rain forest is affected by many factors, and its dominant factors are still different. The general trend is mainly influenced by solar radiation in the range of north-south latitude 10 degrees in the equatorial region. The equatorial low pressure belt and trade winds gather and converge near the equator, and the water vapor contained in them is easy to form clouds and cause rainfall. Climate change is monotonous, and it is summer all year round. It is usually sunny in the morning, hot before noon, rainy in the afternoon, and a little cold in the yellow rain. However, the tropical evergreen rainforest in the Amazon Plain is not only the most extensive in the world, but also the most fully developed and typical. This is because the geographical position of the Amazon Plain is that the equator passes through it. From the perspective of topographic structure, there are Guiana Plateau in the north, Brazil Plateau in the south and Andes in the west. It is a chair-shaped terrain with low east and high west, which is open to receive abundant warm and humid air currents brought by the northeast and southeast trade winds and the north and south equatorial warm currents. On the other hand, it has a long history of development and relatively stable natural geographical conditions during its formation. The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world. It runs through South America from west to east, with a drainage area of 6 million square kilometers and covered with dense jungle. The mainstream of the Amazon River sometimes overflows, flooding thousands of square kilometers of forest land. It is the river with the largest runoff in the world and its comprehensive characteristics are very obvious.

Due to the influence of topography, ocean currents and monsoon, the tropical rain forest climate in Africa is limited to the Congo River basin in Africa and the coastal areas of the Gulf of Guinea. Its cause mainly lies in the passage of the equator (the equator passes through the Congo basin in Central Africa and East Africa, because its plateau topography is tropical). Under the influence of southwest monsoon and Guinea warm current, moist water vapor will seep into the basin from the estuary, and under the influence of equatorial low pressure, it will converge and rise, with abundant rainfall throughout the year. Therefore, the Congo River flowing through this area is rich in water, which is very conducive to navigation. The continental characteristics of tropical rainforests are obvious.

Asia, the southwest coast of Indian Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, the west coast of Indian zhina Peninsula, Philippine Islands and Irian Island, and Oceania from Sumatra Island to New Guinea. Okojima is scattered on the ocean, mainly influenced by solar radiation. In addition, the ocean is vast and the convection movement is intense. The rainforest climate here has outstanding maritime characteristics.

Although some areas are not between north and south latitudes 10 degrees and are not affected by equatorial depression, sometimes due to the interaction of atmospheric circulation and ocean currents, the climate of tropical rain forests presents non-zonal characteristics. For example, the formation of rainforests in Yunnan, Taiwan Province, Hainan and parts of Australia in China, Madagascar and Florida Peninsula in the United States are all closely related to topography and ocean currents. For example, under the influence of the south equatorial warm current and the southeast trade wind, the warm and humid airflow climbs along the windward slope in the eastern Madagascar mountains. Although the tropic of Capricorn passes through, the southeast coast has a tropical rain forest climate, the central part has a tropical plateau climate, and the western part has a tropical grassland climate. The annual average temperature 18-26 degrees, and the annual precipitation decreased from 2000-2000 mm in the east to 750- 1000 mm in the west. Moreover, the formation of tropical rain forest in northeastern Australia is also influenced by topography, warm current in eastern Australia and southeast trade winds. Similarly, the formation of rainforests in Yunnan, China, Taiwan Province, Hainan and Florida Peninsula in the United States has similar characteristics.

Even the East African Plateau near the equator has a tropical grassland climate due to topography, and the coastal area south of Congo Basin on the west coast has a tropical desert climate due to the influence of Benguela cold current and South Equatorial Rift. Also affected by the cold current is the tropical desert on the west coast of South America, which extends the longest from north to south and is the closest place to the equator in the world. The climate is dry and the temperature is low. I hope you are satisfied!