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the Great Wall

When astronauts land on the moon, they can see that the most spectacular man-made project on earth is the Great Wall of Wan Li.

The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It starts from Shanhaiguan in the east and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of 12700. It is the most magnificent defense project in ancient China, and is regarded as one of the wonders of the ancient world. Now it has become a must-see for Chinese and foreign tourists. "You are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall" means that you have not arrived in China.

Source: The best tourism in China, the best in the motherland.

Overview of Wan Li Great Wall

The Great Wall is a great military building in China. Because of its huge scale and arduous project, it is known as a miracle in the history of ancient human architecture.

The Great Wall was built in the 5th century BC during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the 3rd century BC, Qin Shihuang unified China and sent 300,000 troops led by Meng Tian to chase the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Wall originally built in sections and continuing to build it. Since then, it has been continuously maintained and expanded, and/kloc-0 was built for more than 2,000 years around the middle of the 7th century.

Badaling

Located in Yanqing County, it is a well-preserved section of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty. Its Guancheng was built in 1505 (the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty), with a narrow east and a wide west. It is trapezoidal and has two doors, east and west. To the east is Yongwai Town, and to the west is a lock key at the north gate. They are all masonry structures. The coupon cave is a platform with gaps on the north and south sides, which is connected with the Guancheng wall. There are brick cribs around the platform. The wall in this section is built on the hill. The height of the city wall is large and firm, the lower part is a stone abutment, the upper part is made of big city bricks, and the inside is filled with stone. The top floor is paved with square bricks and sealed tightly. The inner side is a wall, and the outer side is a crib wall. There is a crib opening above the crib wall and a shooting hole below. Build stairways in places with steep mountains, and build fortress-like city platforms, enemy platforms or wall platforms in ridge highlands, corner of city walls or dangerous places. The height and width of the Great Wall vary, with the average height exceeding seven meters, and some areas reaching as high as fourteen meters. The average width of the wall base is six and a half meters, and the width of the top is more than five meters, which can accommodate five horses running side by side or ten people going hand in hand.

Juyongguan

Located in Changping County, it is a great advantage of the Great Wall. Next to the masonry, the local mountain stands tall, the green hills overlap, and there is a two-kilometer-long stream, commonly known as Guangou. The terrain here is dangerous, and it is known as "one person defends it, and ten thousand people can't force it", which is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Juyongguan's name means "moving to a mediocre place". According to legend, when Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, he moved the migrant workers who were forced to live here. It was called Xiguan in the Three Kingdoms period of Han Dynasty, and changed to Naikuanguan in the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there were names such as Juyongguan, Jimenguan and Junduguan. Since then, all previous dynasties still call Juyongguan Pass a green cage with lush flowers and trees among the mountains, just like blue waves and green waves, so it is called "Juyongdiecui" and "one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing".

Jinshanling

The Yinghua Lougou area in Bakes, Luanping County, Rehe River is named after it was built on the Jinshan Mountain between Wuling Peak, the first peak of Yanshan Mountain, and Wohuling Mountain in Gubeikou. This section of the Great Wall was built in 1570 (the fourth year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty). According to legend, it was built by Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun, famous anti-Japanese soldiers. It is about 30 kilometers long, winding around the mountain, looming, high and low, and magnificent. Because of its low terrain, it is easy to attack and defend, so the city walls are very thick and solid, the beacon towers are towering into the sky, and the fortresses in Chengguan are dotted with dense towers, with as many as 158 * *. These terraces have different shapes, such as square piers, flat piers and round piers. The roofs have awnings, vaults, corners and octagons, observation platforms with few holes, and rare warehouse buildings along the Great Wall.

Huangyaguan

The Great Wall was built in 556 AD in the mountainous area 30 kilometers north of Jixian County. When Qi Jiguang, a famous soldier in Ming Dynasty, served as the company commander of Zhen Ji Town, he used bricks to redesign and overhaul it. The characteristics of this section of the Great Wall building are that the abutment wall has bricks and stones, the enemy building is square and the masonry is hollow and solid. Guancheng fortress, the enemy's platform and the water gate are all available, and even the mountains cross the river. The layout is ingenious and it combines great risks and wonders.

Shanhai Pass

Located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, it is the only communication channel between North China and Northeast China in China. 138 1 year (14th year of Ming Hongwu), General Xu Da built the Great Wall here, and built Guancheng for defense. Guancheng is named after the Yanshan Mountains, which are surrounded by mountains and peaks, and the choppy Bohai Bay in the south. The Guancheng plane is square, with a circumference of four kilometers, a height of fourteen meters and a thickness of seven meters. There are four city gates, the east gate is the most spectacular, the famous town is east, and the plaque of "the first pass in the world" is hung inside. The name of the west gate is Ying En, the name of the south gate is pretentious, and the name of the north gate is Weiyuan. There are towers on every door, bell and drum towers in the city center and moats outside the city.

Jiayuguan

Located in the southwest corner of Jiayuguan Town in the Gobi Desert of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan Garden is located in the canyon zone between Manjusri Mountain in Qilian Mountain and Heishan Mountain in Heli Mountain, which is the end of the western end of the Great Wall of Wan Li. It was built in 1372 (the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), but as early as the Han and Sui Dynasties, piers and abutments had been built. Because of the dangerous terrain and magnificent architecture, it has been called "the great pass in the world" since ancient times. It is the first pass to guard the Hexi Corridor and the only place where the ancient Silk Road must pass.

Wuyue returned without looking at the mountains, and Huangshan returned without looking at the mountains. Huangshan Mountain is called the first wonder in the world. It has the majestic Mount Tai, the steep Huashan Mountain, the smoke clouds of Hengshan Mountain, the waterfalls of Lushan Mountain, the strange stones of Yandang Mountain and the beauty of Emei Mountain. It is the most distinctive mountain in China.

Strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs are called the four wonders of Huangshan Mountain. The needles of Pinus taiwanensis are short and thick, with flat tips and strange shapes. The strange peaks and rocks in Huangshan Mountain are masterpieces left by nature sculptors. Some are like people, some are like things, birds and animals, and they are lifelike. There are more than 200 cloudy days in Huangshan Mountain, and the clouds come and go, which is unpredictable. Sometimes it's calm Wang Yang, with rough waves and empty waves. Huangshan hot spring also has its own characteristics. The hot spring water temperature is 42 degrees Celsius, and there is no drought for a long time. Stable flow, transparent water quality, colorless and tasteless, sweet taste, drinkable and bathing.

The beauty of Huangshan Mountain can't be expressed in words. Its beauty can only be felt when you see it.

Source: Huangshan Tourism Scenery Network

Huangshan Mountain, located about 60 kilometers north of Huangshan City, covers an area of about 1.200 square kilometers, with mountains stretching for 1.50 kilometers, with green peaks and connected peaks. There are 72 famous peaks (36 big peaks and 36 small peaks). Huangshan has towering stone peaks, which are famous for their strangeness, danger, depth and seclusion. There are many different shapes of rocks. Huangshan Mountain is famous for its sea of clouds, strange rocks, strange peaks and hot springs.

Beihai is located on the Beibu Gulf at the southern tip of Guangxi, with a total area of 3,337 square kilometers, including 957 square kilometers in the urban area, with a total population of 1.39 million, including 500,000 in the urban area. Beihai is 208 kilometers away from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, with its back to the southwest, facing Southeast Asia and facing Hainan Province and Vietnam across the sea.

Beihai Yintan Park is located in the middle of Beihai Yintan, with a land construction area of 88,000 square meters, a beach area of about 80,000 square meters and a bathing beach area of about 1.6 million square meters, which can accommodate 1 10,000 people for swimming at the same time.

In the attractive swimming season of seven or eight months in Yintan, I bathed in bright sunshine under the blue sky and white clouds, played on the white beach, swam in the gentle waves and meditated in the slightly fishy sea breeze; Soar in the blue sky by sea parachute, ride the wind and waves by breathtaking motorboat ... there are relaxing beach sports, pleasant bird performances and pleasant exotic songs and dances ... At first glance, the sea and the sky are connected and the fishing sails are dotted. Here, you can enjoy the romance and beauty of the seaside in the south of China.

There are many fairy mountains in the middle of Shu, and Emei is hard to beat. This is a poem by the great poet Li Bai praising Mount Emei, which is still widely circulated today. Beautiful Emei, how to tell a story with a little poem? To know the true face of Emei, please go to Emei and see for yourself.

Mount Emei is varied, with low mountains in the east and a golden screen; The mountain peak in the middle is towering, such as bamboo shoots and lotus; The mountains in the west are magnificent. So everyone says that Emei Mountain is a mountain of five beauties: beauty in form, beauty in movement, beauty in color, beauty in hearing and beauty in artistic conception. Beautiful things and beautiful nature bring beautiful infection, edification and sentiment.

Mount Emei is also a Buddhist shrine in China. There are mainly ancient temples such as Guobao Temple, Khufu Temple, Xianfeng Temple and Hongchun Temple. Guobao Temple is magnificent. Bodhisattva samantabhadra of Wannian Temple has been riding a six-toothed white elephant for more than 1000 years. Nanmu in the temple of Khufu is towering, covering the sky. ...

Among many famous mountains, only the monkeys in Emei Mountain are unique. They will ask tourists for food, begging pitifully. But you should be careful. Pay attention to your bags when you pass by Yuxian Temple and Jiulao Cavern. Cute monkeys may force you to ask for food, making you feel angry and helpless.

The Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.

The Three Gorges starts from Baidicheng, fengjie county, Sichuan in the west and ends at Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei in the east, spanning five counties and cities, namely Fengjie, Wushan, Badong, Zigui and Yichang, with a total length of about 200 kilometers.

The Yangtze River, the largest river in China, originated in the southwest of Gladin Winter Snow Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The source is Tuotuo, which flows eastward to Yibin, Sichuan, called Jinsha River, and flows through Sichuan, Chongqing and Yichang, Hubei. After accepting the Huangpu River in Shanghai, I went straight to the vast sea. It is 6300 kilometers long and is the third longest river in the world.

"Guilin's landscape is the best in the world" is almost unknown in China. Almost everyone who has been to Guilin thinks this sentence is not an exaggeration. After visiting Guilin, former US President Nixon said, "I have been to more than 100 famous cities in more than 80 countries. No city is as beautiful as Guilin, and no city is as beautiful as Yangshuo." Guilin is located on both sides of Lijiang River in eastern Guangxi. As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there appeared words praising Guilin's landscape. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems praising Guilin. It can be seen that Guilin was a tourist attraction more than 1000 years ago. The beauty of Guilin's landscape lies in mountains, caves and water, which is called "the three wonders of Guilin".

Forest peaks rise from the ground, stand tall and have various forms. There is an elephant trunk mountain near the Lijiang River. The whole mountain is like an elephant standing by the Lijiang River, stretching its nose to drink water. There is a unique mountain peak in the city center. In the middle of the flat land, a peak rises and is magnificent. Although it is only 60 meters high, it is steep. The butte is like a tower, which looks very beautiful from a distance. When you come to it, you will find it very majestic, so it is also called "Southern Tianzhu". On the west side of the foot of the mountain, there is a stone road winding up the mountain with a slope of ***306. From the top of the mountain, you can see all the scenery. Some people say that this unique mountain peak will become a great attraction if it is placed in other cities, but in Guilin, because there are too many strange peaks, it will not look so eye-catching. In the northern part of the city, Diecai Mountain by the Lijiang River is a scenic spot in the city. The main peak, Yueming Peak, is 223 meters above sea level. Although it is not high, it is quite steep in Guilin. There is a big pavilion at the top of the mountain, named "Nayun Pavilion". Here, you can enjoy the Lijiang River drifting around the mountain. Diecai Mountain is named because this kind of rock is layered and piled up like a brocade. Under the lush trees on the mountain and the green trees, there are stacked pavilions, stacked doors, Yangzhitang, Yingfeng Building, Wangjiang Pavilion and other buildings. The strange and beautiful mountains in Guilin include Fubo Mountain, Crescent Mountain, Nanxi Mountain, Hidden Mountain and Xishan Mountain. The grotesque caves in Guilin are the same as its grotesque mountains. In Guilin, there are countless large and small caves. Almost every mountain has caves, and the most famous two are called Qixingyan and reed flute cave.

However, the most exciting program to visit Guilin is the Lijiang River. Because the clear water that flows quietly from the edge of Guilin passes through the steep mountains, people sit in slowly moving boats, and the scenery on both sides is picturesque. Only in the process of swimming the Lijiang River can we appreciate the wonders of Guilin and truly appreciate the beauty of Guilin's landscape. Generally, you can take a yacht to swim the Lijiang River from Guilin to Yangshuo, with a water distance of 83 kilometers. Soon after the ship sailed, it crossed Elephant Trunk Hill, and the image was even more beautiful. Far through the mountain, the karst cave running through the north and south is like a bright moon hanging high in the sky. During the 83-kilometer journey, in addition to mountains and rivers, fields and farmers appeared from time to time on both sides of the strait. At this time, the clusters of bamboos dotted in it are very charming. The Mamomo Cliff Stone Carvings in Guilin are very famous, and there are more than 2,000 stone carvings that have been handed down so far. Longyin Rock and Longyin Cave are the most concentrated places of stone carving. Longyinyan has always been a famous forest of steles in Guihai.

Hainan Island

Population:1998 * * 7.33 million (20 million in Taiwan Province province, 7 million in Hongkong and 450,000 in Macau), among which the Han nationality-living in the coastal plain, with a population of about 6120,000; Li nationality-living in mountainous areas, with a population of about 1 1.4 million; Miao people-living in deep mountains and dense forests, with a population of about 60 thousand; Hui nationality-mainly lives in Yanglan Town, Sanya City, with a population of about1.00 million.

One of the three major hometown of overseas Chinese in China (Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian): there are nearly 3 million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, living in more than 50 countries and regions in the world, and there are more than 6,543,800 returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in the province, accounting for 654.38+04% of the total population in the province.

The coastline of Hainan Island is 16 17.8km, and there are 84 exploitable ports along the coast, with 18 developed. Hainan Island is surrounded by high-quality beaches, which can be developed into seaside tourist attractions. There are 66,500 square kilometers of offshore continental shelf fishing grounds with a water depth of less than 200 meters, with moderate water temperature and rich marine life, with more than 0/000 species of fish and more than 200 species of algae. The colorful and varied tropical coral fish and various corals, anemones and other marine life in the sea are the sightseeing beauty of diving tourism.

The central part of Hainan Island is mountainous, hilly and terrace, and the coastal area is accumulation plain. Due to the strong wind in the northeast coast, the width of the sand is 20-30 kilometers. In some places, several sandbars are juxtaposed to form a special sandbar-lagoon plain. Corals and mangroves growing along the coast are signs of tropical coast, which have important scientific research significance and tourism value. Due to the influence of tropical climate and tectonic conditions, Hainan has developed a good tropical landform. The coastal beaches in the southwest of Hainan Island are flat, sunny and have large evaporation, which is a good place to develop salt industry. At present, large salt fields such as Yinggehai, Dongfang and Yulin have been built.

Hainan is rich in minerals, with about 90 species. Industrial reserve 148 species, 67 species in Hainan, among which 43 species are listed in the national mineral reserves. Shilu iron ore reserves account for 7 1% of the country's rich iron ore reserves, with an average grade of 5 1.5% and a maximum of 68%, ranking first in the country. The reserves of titanium, zirconium, timely, sapphire and chemical fertilizer limestone rank first in China, and the reserves of natural gas and oil shale rank first in China.

Xisha Islands is rich in bird droppings, especially in Dongdaoniu Nature Reserve. There are thousands of white-bellied boobies on the tree, and there are thick bird droppings and bird droppings fossils under the tree. Bird droppings are very high in organic fertilizer and are the raw materials of natural phosphate fertilizer.

The coastal plain is mainly planted with food crops and sugarcane, and tropical fruits are fragrant all year round. Hainan is known as "natural greenhouse and tropical orchard". Tropical crops and tropical fruits are planted in a large area and there are many kinds in this province. 196 The planting area of tropical fruits was 89,900 hectares, the harvesting area was 36,600 hectares, and the output was 3610.6 million tons. Areca catechu, Alpinia oxyphylla, Amomum villosum and Morinda officinalis are the four major southern medicines, accounting for 99.9% of the national output. The total area of tropical crops is 429,000 hectares, of which the planting areas of pepper, coffee and cashew nuts account for 77%, 63% and 90% of the country respectively. Hainan is rich in tropical crops such as rubber, sugarcane, coconut, coffee, pepper and betel nut. Fruits include coconut, jackfruit, pineapple, litchi, mango, banana, rambutan, egg fruit, pistachio, peach blossom, and thousands of exotic tropical plants such as durian, tielimu, cinchona and citronella introduced from abroad.

The central part of Hainan is a primitive forest area formed by mountainous areas, tropical rainforests and monsoon forests. Five tropical forest areas in Hainan are Wuzhishan forest area, Bawangling forest area, Jianfengling forest area, Diaoluoshan forest area and Limushan forest area. Hainan has a large area of tropical natural forests. According to the investigation in 1994, it reached 587,300 hectares, accounting for 17.3% of the whole province. It is mainly distributed in mountainous areas more than 500 meters in the south-central part, and it is vertically distributed due to geographical conditions. From top to bottom, it is the hilltop dwarf forest, tropical mountain rain forest, tropical rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, tropical coniferous forest and mangrove forest. The main characteristics of tropical natural forests are tall trees, dense evergreen trees, many species, great age difference, complex stand structure, often more than 3-5 layers, widespread root pressure, abundant epiphytes on trees, developed woody vines and flowering old stems of big trees. Hainan is rich in tropical biological resources, with 4200 species of woody plants belonging to 259 families 1347 genera, accounting for about one seventh of the country. Among them, more than 630 species are endemic to Hainan, and more than 20 species are rare trees. The plants with the largest number of tropical flowering plants in the world, belonging to 17 families, are all found in Hainan Island. Island-wide resource plants

There are more than 2,900 species, including more than 2,500 medicinal plants, and more than 500 species in Pharmacopoeia, including anticancer plants 13. Hainan is known as the "natural drug storehouse". Hainan's forest coverage rate is 5 1.5%, and it was awarded the honorary title of "Afforestation and Greening Planning Province" by the State Council. Tropical forests not only have good economic and ecological benefits, but also become a good place to carry out forest tourism and eco-tourism. There are 73 nature reserves in the province, of which 5 are national and 9 are provincial/kloc-0. There are 56 terrestrial vertebrates1species, including amphibians 102 species, of which one species 15 species and 87 species of the second species. Most of the platforms between the coastal plains and the central mountainous areas have been developed into tropical cash crop areas.

Coconut island

Hainan Island is also called Coconut Island. Throughout Hainan, you can see tall and straight coconut trees, which bear fruit in four seasons. They have different charms at different times and places. Coconut is one of the four tropical crops (coconut, rubber, pepper and cashew) in Hainan. Coconut trees are also found in other tropical areas of China, but rarely bear fruit. Coconut production in Hainan accounts for more than 99% of the total national output. Only Hainan coconut trees are full of fruits and the juice is particularly sweet.

Coconut trees have a long history in Hainan, and there are many legends about coconut trees. One saying is that the coconut tree is a leader of the ancestors of the Li nationality, and the coconut is the "head of the king"; Myths and legends reflect the contribution of Li ancestors to Hainan's development. Another legend is that a young woman turned into a coconut tree by the sea, and the beautiful leaves of the coconut tree were straw hats on her head. Beautiful legends tell the beautiful love of Hainan people. There are more legends that make the meaning of coconut trees particularly rich. About the origin of coconut trees, a more scientific explanation is that coconut trees originated in Malay archipelago. In ancient times, coconut fruit germinated without soil and water fell into the sea, drifted to Hainan, took root in Baodao, and finally became a spectacle.

Coconut trees are full of treasures. Coconut can be processed into various foods and drinks, and it has become Hainan's fist product to go global. Coconut juice, meat, roots and shells can all be used as medicine, and coconut oil can be made into advanced cosmetics. Hainan's coconut carving technology has a long history and is exquisite and ingenious. In ancient times, it was regarded as a tribute to heaven.

For thousands of years, Hainan people have formed many customs related to coconut trees, which are the mascots of Hainan villagers. In Wenchang area, people always plant coconut trees as a souvenir on festive days such as engagement, marriage and having children. Hainan people believe that coconut absorbs the essence of the sun, so fresh coconut juice is the sweetest in sunny morning 10- 12.

In Hainan, coconut has not only entered people's material life, but also entered people's spiritual life. There are countless folk songs about coconuts. "Magpie birds love to wear coconut trees, and coconuts can sweet magpie birds' hearts. Why don't you make a coconut leaf and hang it under it, and wait for your brother to put it on? quot。 Such a girl with a pure heart is like a coconut. Can she not drink coconut? Coconuts adorn Hainan, shape Hainanese, and form a local culture with the most Hainan characteristics-what scholars call "coconut culture". It is pointed out that coconut trees are the symbol of Hainan, and coconut character is the symbol of Hainanese, which is the deepest connotation of Hainan coconut culture.

From April 65438 to April 0992, Hainan held the International Coconut Festival every year. Coconut, the largest special economic zone in China, has played a new and important role, becoming a medium and bridge to "let Hainan go to the world and let the world know about Hainan".