The Strange Landscape of Yushan National Park

According to scientists' investigation, Yushan is a water-rock mountain range, with peculiar landforms and wrinkled strata, which makes the peak look like waves. Coupled with wind and rain erosion, sandstone and shale are rugged and steep, and their appearance is quite different from ordinary mountain scenery. Suddenly towering, high into the sky, the four seasons snow does not melt, becoming a strange landscape on the Evergreen Island in Taiwan Province Province. According to geologists' research, the mountains in Taiwan Province Province, like the Himalayas, only rose to high mountains in the Tertiary, making it one of the youngest mountains in China. Yushan Mountain is located where the crust of Taiwan Province Province rises to the earth's axis. The mountain structure is quite complex, with many faults. There is a large tectonic line on the east and west sides of Yushan Mountain, which is adjacent to Central Mountain and Alishan Mountain respectively. Yushan peak group has two cross-shaped ridge lines in the east-west direction and the north-south direction at the same time. The east-west ridge line becomes the watershed between the two major water systems of Zhuoshui River and Gaoping River, while the north-south ridge line is the watershed between Daxi and Chenyoulan River, two tributaries of Zhuoshui River, and the watershed between Laonong River and Nanzaixian River, two upstream rivers of Gaoping River. Some rivers flowing in the opposite direction from south to north have seriously eroded their sources. Especially between the source of Lanxi in Chen You and Laomixi, because the distance is very close, and the gap between the source of Lanxi in Chen You is much larger than that of Laomixi, so one day in the future, a tributary of the upper reaches of Laomixi will be completely cut off by Lanxi in Chen You, and the watershed between the two water systems will move south. The serious erosion of rivers further strengthens the complexity of Yushan terrain.

The rocks that make up the Yushan Mountains are older in geological age, while the rocks in the nearby Alishan Mountains are younger. In recent years, some geologists infer from the continuity of geological age and the geological evidence of many large faults between the two mountains that Alishan was originally located on Yushan Mountain, but it was later fractured due to the strong compression of the eastern plate, and the younger rock strata above slipped westward, forming Alishan Mountain, while the older rock strata below formed Yushan Mountain.

Yushan has a towering terrain and a unique climate. 1943, a meteorological observatory called the tallest building in Southeast Asia was established at the northern peak of Yushan Mountain at an altitude of 3,920 meters, and systematic observation data on the climate of Yushan Mountain were accumulated. The temperature here is 7.6 degrees Celsius in July, 1 and the average temperature in February is below zero degrees Celsius. In the month of 65438+65438 0959+17/0, there was a low temperature of-17 degrees, which was the lowest recorded temperature in Taiwan Province province. The air in Yushan is thin and the air pressure is very low, and the air pressure changes little in each month. The wind speed increased with the elevation, reaching 5.7 meters per second in June+10/October, 5438. Yushan is rich in precipitation, with an average annual precipitation of 32 18mm, and rainy days 153 days throughout the year, mostly from May to September. The mountainous area is foggy, and foggy days account for almost two-thirds of the whole year. There are many thunderstorms in summer. Therefore, in terms of climatic conditions, the best season to climb Yushan Mountain is May and June, 10, 1 1. But even at this time, it is inevitable to encounter whistling winds, turbulent clouds, torrential rain and falling snow.

Complex terrain and climatic conditions lead to a wide variety of plants. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are tropical, subtropical, temperate and frigid vegetation landscapes. In particular, its alpine plants are colorful and unique. There are more than 20 kinds of alpine plants such as Sabina vulgaris, Rhododendron, Osmunda japonica, Sedum sarmentosum and Auricularia auricula in Yushan alone, with an altitude of more than 3,400 meters. Distributed below 3400 meters are Pyrola, Arrow Bamboo, Ghost, Dianthus, millet grass, etc. Sabina przewalskii is the coniferous tree species with the highest growth altitude in the forests of Taiwan Province Province, which often forms a huge wood group. However, due to the strong wind, the trunk of the tree can not grow upright and form a low shrub in the tuyere and Beifeng area of Yushan. Crawling for dozens of miles in a large area has become a wonder of alpine plants. The huge white azaleas in Yushan bloom in May and June every year. The azaleas all over the mountain make the mountain look like a fairyland. In the peak and tuyere area of Yushan Mountain, there is another cruciferous plant called Alpinia scabra from July to September every year. Tiny plants are scattered on the debris ground, which is unique to Yushan and the highest growing point of Taiwan Province Island. At the end of 1966, an eye-catching landmark was added at the top of Yushan Mountain, that is, a 3-meter-high bronze bust of Yu Youren was built. Yu Youren, a veteran of the Kuomintang, was obsessed with the mainland of China in his later years. He once wrote a "National Funeral" in October 1962 65438+, in which he wrote: "Bury me in the mountains and look forward to my hometown; Hometown is intangible and can never be forgotten. Bury me in the mountains and see my continent; The mainland is invisible, only pain ... ". After his death, according to his wishes, people carved this bronze statue, facing the mainland, and placed it on the top of Yushan Mountain. It reflects the infinite affection of Taiwan Province compatriots who miss the mainland and look forward to reunification.

The remains of the Batongguan ancient road in Yushan Park and the Bunun culture in the mountainous area around Dongpu are well preserved, which are human resources with great cultural value. The ancient Batongguan Road starts from Dongpu Hot Spring, passes through the cliff between father and son to Dongle, and then passes through Yunlong Waterfall and Duiguan to Batongguan Grassland. This section is one of the main routes to climb the main peak of Yushan Mountain. Tens of thousands of people climb the top of Yushan Mountain every year, but few people can climb the main peak of Yushan Mountain. The reason is that the cliff between the main peak and the east wind is very difficult to walk.