The subject of the main clause is not the first person, should we deny the transfer?

Negative transfer refers to the phenomenon that English negative sentences are in one part of the sentence (often in the predicate part) but semantically deny the other part. When translating such sentences, we should not rely solely on grammatical analysis, but carry out semantic analysis to understand the meaning of the sentence according to the context. Example:

He doesn't like teaching because it is easy for him. He doesn't teach because he thinks teaching is easy.

First of all, the negative form is a predicate verb expressing "opinions", but semantically it is an object clause following the negative.

Such verbs include: thinking, believing, assuming, imagining, expecting, anticipating, imagining, considering, discovering (feeling), guessing,

Should, calculate, estimate and estimate.

-I can't believe I've seen you before. ("I believe I haven't seen you before." I don't think I've seen you before.

I don't think you will be late. I don't think you will be late.

-I don't think he cares, does he? I don't think he cares, does he?

He doesn't think we need to worry. He thinks we don't have to worry.

I don't think she is old enough to go to school. I don't think she is old enough to go to school.

Note: The negation of the above judgment verbs does not transfer under the following circumstances:

When (1) is used as a bracket:

Li Lei, I don't think I will be angry with you. I don't think Li Lei will be angry with you.

I don't think Tom will object. I guess Tom will not object.

(2) When these verbs are used as coordinate predicates with another verb:

I believe and hope that he won't do that. I believe and hope that he won't do that.

(3) When used in interrogative sentences:

Do you think it won't rain? Do you think it won't rain?

(4) When modal verbs can't, can't and don't want to be added to the main clause:

You must think he is stupid. You shouldn't think he is stupid.

-I didn't expect you to be here. I didn't expect you to be here.

I can't imagine how he survived the car accident. I can't imagine how he survived the car accident.

(5) Think and expect when you want to talk about it:

T expect to meet you here. I didn't expect to meet you here.

We didn't expect him to be such a selfish man.

(6) Support and thinking when used in imperative sentences or modified by adverbs:

Don't think that you have passed the exam, it's only part of it.

Don't think that you have passed the exam, it is only part of the exam.

I just don't think you will help me when I am in trouble.

I don't expect you to help me when I am in trouble at all.

I really don't think we need to go there now. I really don't think we need to go there.

I feel strongly that he should do such a thing. I firmly believe that he should not do such a thing.

(7) If there are all, every, many, both and other words or adverbs in the object clause connected with the above verbs:

I don't believe that both of them are innocent. I don't believe that they are both innocent.

I never expect all students to do exercises after class.

I never want all the students to do their homework outside class.

We think that not everyone in our class is interested in this topic.

We don't think everyone in the class is interested in this topic.

(8) I think it is isolated, because it can't help, shouldn't, doesn't need, and doesn't at all:

I should have thought that sometimes you can't help thinking about the past. I thought you couldn't help thinking about the past.

-I don't think you should go alone at night, Mrs Moore.

I don't think you need to be rude to her and her son.

-"I don't think angels are in heaven." Mr esmond said. "

Secondly, the negative form semantically negates the predicate part of the predicate verb expressing "feeling".

Such verbs are: attractive, seems, feels, sounds, tastes, smells, as if, feels/looks/sounds like, feels/looks like.

-Old streets don't look desolate. (Not cold and cheerless. It seems that the old street has not been abandoned.

I don't feel very well today. I have a headache. (Not very well ...) I don't feel well today, and I have a headache.

-The food doesn't taste fresh. (Not fresh. ) food pays off.

They don't seem to know where to go It seems that they don't know where to go.

It seems that it will not be sunny tomorrow. It seems that there will be no good weather tomorrow.

Third, seem, prove, happen and infinitive form a compound predicate, which denies the predicate formally and the infinitive semantically.

The president didn't attend the meeting. (I happened not to attend ...)

The chairman happened not to attend the meeting.

-Your answer doesn't seem right. (It doesn't seem that …) Your answer seems to be incorrect.

-Jack doesn't seem to like you. Jack seems to dislike you. Jack doesn't seem to like you.

The news doesn't seem true. The news doesn't seem true.

When the objects of "predict" and "remember" are non-predicate verbs, the predicate is denied formally and the object is denied semantically.

-My Italian friend didn't pretend to see her tutor in the restaurant. (Pretend not to see ...)

My Italian friend pretended not to see her tutor in the restaurant.

-I don't remember taking my wallet out. I don't remember taking out my wallet.

Fifth, it denies the predicate formally and the object complement semantically.

I never knew he had money, because he never used it.

I know he never carries money with him, because he never needs money.

-We don't think melting or boiling is a chemical change. (It won't ...)

We think that melting and boiling are not chemical reactions.

-Seeing a ball flying, we don't expect the ball to fly forever. (Don't fly ...)

When we see the ball fly, we don't think it will fly forever.

I don't think math is difficult.

I think this story is boring.

I don't think so.

6. In "it is/was possible/possible+ clause", the predicate is formally negative and the clause is semantically negative.

It seems that it won't rain tomorrow.

He is unlikely to come here today. He may not come today.

Seven, formally negative predicate, semantically negative adverbial or adverbial clause.

Instead of going to school by bus, he walks. He goes to school not on foot, but by bus.

Never judge by appearances. Don't judge a book by its cover.

Don't read in the sun.

Don't talk with your mouth full. Don't talk with food in your mouth.

-Ants don't collect these for themselves. Ants don't just feed for themselves.

I won't talk about it here. Let's not talk here.

This great victory was hard-won. This great victory was hard-won.

I didn't know his name until yesterday.

He took the boy from the track to a safe place not to win his reputation, but to benefit the boy's parents.

He carried the boy from the track to a safe place, not for his personal reputation, but for his parents.

Note: Sentences containing not … because (of) are complicated, and it is necessary to judge whether negative transfer is needed according to logic, context and common sense. If necessary, it is often changed from negative predicate to negative adverbial. For example:

I don't teach, because teaching is easy for me. I don't teach because I think teaching is easy.

The engine didn't stop running because of running out of fuel. The engine didn't stop because the oil ran out.

He didn't go to class because he was ill. He didn't go to class because he was ill. There is no need for negative transfer in this sentence. )

The manager didn't make a speech because he felt a sore throat. The manager didn't speak because he had a sore throat.

-She didn't call you because she loves you. There may be two explanations for this sentence:

She didn't call you because she loves you. (Negative migration occurs)

She didn't call you because she loves you. (No negative migration occurred)

What kind of understanding is correct, we can't distinguish it in a logical sense. At this time, we will analyze it with the help of context.

8. When nouns expressing beliefs, opinions and wishes are used as predicates of subject clauses, the predicates are denied formally and the subject clauses are denied semantically. Such words include: hope, thought, viewpoint, opinion, wish, expectation, belief, plan, etc.

-We don't want you to suffer too much. (It won't hurt ...)

We hope you won't be too painful about it.

I don't think you spend too much time on computer games. (Don't spend ...)

My opinion is that you shouldn't spend too much time playing computer games.

Their plan is not to do their homework on Sunday. They plan not to do their homework on Sunday.

9. When pronouns and adverbs of all meanings are used as subjects or objects, the predicate is formally negative, and the subject or object is semantically negative, indicating partial negation. These words are: all, both, everyone, everything, everywhere, always, together, everywhere, completely.

-No one knows the truth. Not all people know the truth. )

Not all people know the truth.

All that glitters is not gold. All that glitters is not gold.

Both the children are not clever. Neither child is clever.

-Yeah, everyone doesn't like it. (Not everyone ...) Not everyone really likes it.

I don't know all the people. I don't know all the people.

I like neither of them. (Not both. I don't like either of them.

Note: when all forms a negative sentence with can not or will not, its negation is no longer shifted, but means all negation.

Without a visa, all foreigners can't cross the border. All foreigners can't cross the border without a visa.

-All the treatments didn't help her. All the treatments have no effect on his illness.

10. In "negative main clause+positive clause", the main clause and the clause have opposite meanings. Example:

Whales are not fish as many people think. Whales are not fish, but many people think whales are fish.

When the subject is negative, translation should be based on specific circumstances. Negation can be transferred or not. Example:

Anyone who has watched high-quality color TV will no longer be satisfied with black-and-white TV. People who have seen high-quality color TV can never be satisfied with black-and-white TV.