An analysis of the reasons for the failure of Qin State before the victory of the Battle of Feishui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty?

1, Fu Jian underestimates his enemy subjectively, goes his own way, and his subordinates have great differences of opinion, so it is impossible to go all out.

2. The unification process of the former Qin Dynasty was dominated by force, and the nationalities in the unified area were mixed, and the internal unification was not enough. Many other nobles and generals waited for an opportunity to fight back and encourage war.

The army was forcibly recruited from the newly unified people of all ethnic groups in the north, with unstable morale, weak fighting capacity and full of hidden dangers.

4. Improper employment in the war, misuse of surrender in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, poor command and strategic and tactical mistakes.

Eastern Jin dynasty:

1, Xie An and others, the main warring factions in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, resolutely resisted the war, with a firm attitude and a firm will.

2. The army has strong fighting capacity, and the soldiers will work together with Qi Xin in Qixin, so the morale is available.

The people also organized military forces to fight against the pre-Qin Dynasty. For example, Zu Ti, who heard the chicken dancing, and other people's forces fully supported the Eastern Jin government, which won the hearts of the people.

4. There is a natural barrier under the water, which occupies the best geographical position and is well prepared.

5, proper tactics, using the internal instability of the former Qin Dynasty, dividing and alienating the internal relations of the former Qin Dynasty, and disintegrating its morale.

After the former Qin dynasty unified the north, its internal stability was not enough, and its troops were forcibly recruited from people of all ethnic groups, which made its military morale unstable and its combat effectiveness weak. Fu Jian subjectively underestimated the enemy and misled him.

The troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were composed of "northern soldiers" who hated the attack of a few nobles from the south, and they were well trained. Although the number is small, their fighting capacity is very strong. The correct strategy adopted by the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

or

1。 Pre-Qin was a country where all ethnic groups merged, and people's hearts were uneven. If you win, everyone can support you, but if you fail, everyone will push you down. 2。 At that time, the main force of the former Qin dynasty had not arrived yet. At that time, it was recorded that only Fu Jian led the vanguard cavalry troops to the battlefield, and other troops were still marching to the battlefield. Therefore, in terms of strength, the former Qin was not dominant, but weak. The north is not good at water warfare and is eager to transfer the battlefield to land. Because of this, it won the plan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which led to the embarrassing situation that the vanguard troops were defeated, and led to the withdrawal of troops from other places before they entered the battlefield.

And the former Qin:

1, Fu Jian underestimates his enemy subjectively, goes his own way, and his subordinates have great differences of opinion, so it is impossible to go all out.

2. The unification process of the former Qin Dynasty was dominated by force, and the nationalities in the unified area were mixed, and the internal unification was not enough. Many other nobles and generals took the opportunity to fight back and incite the movement.

3. The army was forcibly recruited from the newly unified people of all ethnic groups in the north, with unstable morale, weak campaign strength and full of hidden dangers.

4. Improper use of personnel in the war, improper use of personnel by generals in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, poor command and strategic and tactical mistakes.

Eastern Jin dynasty:

1, Xie An and others, the main warring factions in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, resolutely resisted the war, with a firm attitude and a firm will.

2, the army has a strong battle, soldiers will work together in Qixin in Qi Xin, and morale is available.

The people also organized military forces to resist the pre-Qin period. For example, Zu Ti, who heard the chicken dancing, and other people's forces fully supported the Eastern Jin government, which won the hearts of the people.

4. There is a natural barrier under the water, which occupies the best geographical position and is well prepared.

5. Proper tactics, taking advantage of the internal instability of the former Qin Dynasty, alienating the internal relations of the former Qin Dynasty and disturbing the morale of the army.

And 1, from the analysis of the political situation, after the former construction unified the north, the ruling group "declined day by day" and "emphasized luxury" (), increasingly exploiting people of all ethnic groups, and ethnic contradictions became more acute. In addition, after the extinction of Yan, Qin launched a series of wars, which destroyed the basic national policy of "stopping troops in the territory" in the Book of Jin, consumed a lot of manpower and material resources, and destroyed the newly restored northern economy. At the same time, the ethnic composition of the pre-Qin dynasty is complex, and it is an unstable and temporary union. After the failure of the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin regime collapsed instantly, which is proof. However, the Eastern Jin Dynasty has successively implemented the policy of "town without chaos" and made certain achievements in economy and military affairs. Although its gentry politics is corrupt, it has not yet developed to the degree of "erosion". At that time, Xie An was Stuart in charge of state affairs, Huan Chong was guarding the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and Xie Xuan was guarding Guangling. The two sides are relatively harmonious and politically stable.

2. Judging from the actual strength of both sides, although the former Qin army claimed to be "a million people with a mountain of resources", in fact, before the Battle of Feishui, Fu Jian's army assembled in Huaifeirong was only 300,000, and it was distributed on the 500-mile-long front from Yuncheng to Luo Jian, while the former Qin army stationed in Shouchun and its vicinity was only about100000. There are more than 200,000 front-line troops in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the strength of the two armies is roughly equal.

3. Judging from the composition and quality of the troops, Qin Jun's troops are complex, and a considerable part of them fell from regimes such as Yan Qian and Liang Qian. Some generals in the army, such as Yao Chang and Mu Rongchui, have fallen and are in Qin Ying, trying to rebuild the "Great Cause of Zhongxing", so once they fall, the whole line collapses. The main force of the eastern Jin army was the northern government soldiers, most of whom were refugees from the north. They are suffering from the hardships of leaving their hometown and missing their hometown. In addition, they have strict training and high morale, and the famous Xie Xuan is a warrior. The Eastern Jin Dynasty had a relatively strong defensive force. More importantly, the army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was a battle of self-defense. Historically, it was said that it had the courage to "take one as a hundred, and take a hundred as ten thousand". ("Zi Tongzhi Jian")

4. Fu Jian neglected self-knowledge, was darker than self-knowledge, rushed to recruit soldiers, and was "heartbroken", while "soldiers were exhausted", which means afraid of the enemy (The Book of Jin), and made mistakes in command during the battle, so the failure is certain!

There is also an explanation: treat weeds and trees as enemy soldiers. Describe the panic and paranoia when you are hit by some kind of blow.

Source: During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, the king of Qin, controlled northern China. In 383 AD, Fu Jian led 900,000 foot soldiers and cavalry to attack the rulers in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin generals Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led eighty thousand troops to resist. When Fu Jian learned that 8 jin j troops were insufficient, he wanted to seize the opportunity and make a quick break. Unexpectedly, Fu Jian's vanguard of 250,000 people was unexpectedly defeated by Jin Jun in Shouchun area, which caused heavy losses. The general was killed and more than ten thousand soldiers were killed or injured. Qin Jun's spirit fell sharply, his morale was shaken, and the soldiers fled in panic. At this point, Fu Jian saw the 8 jin j in Shouchun city, and his fighting spirit was high. Then he looked at Bagong Mountain in the north, and saw that every grass and tree on the mountain looked like nomads from the army. Fu Jian turned to his younger brother and said, "What a powerful enemy this is! How can we say that Jin Jun's military strength is insufficient? " He regretted underestimating his enemy.

A bad start cast an ominous shadow on Fu Jian's mind. He asked the team to make arrangements on the north bank of Feishui in an attempt to turn the tide by relying on geographical advantages. At this time, Xie Xuan, the general of the Jin army, asked Qin Jun to retreat later to make room for crossing the river. Fu Jian did Sarah laugh that the generals of the Jin army didn't understand the operational knowledge, and wanted to take advantage of the fact that the Jin army was busy crossing the river and it was difficult to fight, so he made a surprise attack on it, so he readily accepted the request of the Jin army.

Who knows that when the military orders retreated, they fled as usual, and the Jin army crossed the river to pursue them, killing them and leaving their bodies everywhere. Fu Jian fled with an arrow.

The story comes from Fu Jian in the Book of Jin. The idiom "a glass of bow and snake shadow" describes nervous and paranoid panic psychology.

The Battle of Feishui: At the beginning of the 4th century, the centralized government of China at that time collapsed, and two regimes, one south and one north, appeared. The Han regime in the south, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, controlled the Yangtze River valley and made its capital Jiankang (now Nanjing). The North Yellow River Basin was controlled by the former Qin Dynasty of the Di nationality regime, and its capital was Chang 'an (Jin 'an).

Fu Jian, the son of heaven in the former Qin Dynasty, was a very capable man. He reused Han counselors, rectified official management, cracked down on illegal aristocratic forces, strengthened centralization, implemented the economic policy of developing water conservancy and agriculture, and at the same time vigorously developed military forces, hoping to eliminate the Eastern Jin Dynasty and unify China.

In 383 AD, Fu Jian recruited people of all ethnic groups and formed an army of 870,000 people to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to intelligence, the Eastern Jin Dynasty only needed hundreds of thousands of troops, so Fu Jian said arrogantly, "My master can cut off the river as long as he throws the whip into the river. Can't he destroy the Jin Dynasty?"

When the Eastern Jin Dynasty learned that the former Qin Xiongshi had gone south, it quickly sent Xie Shi and Xie Xuan with 80,000 chosen men to resist the enemy. At this point, the advance team of the former Qin Dynasty had arrived in Luo Jian (now the Luohe River east of Huainan, Anhui Province) not far from the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the traffic on the Huaihe River was cut off. The situation is very critical. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan sent 5000 hussars to attack the enemy in Luo Jian, and achieved great victory. The morale of the Jin Army was greatly boosted, and they joined hands to March to the east bank of Feishui (a tributary of Huaihe River, now central Anhui).

Fu Jian learned that the advance team had lost the battle and hurried to bid. He boarded the tower and observed the 8 Jin Army on the east bank of Feishui. I saw many camps on the other side, surrounded by banners, and drums were faintly heard in the barracks. Fu Jian was surprised and turned to overlook Bagong Mountain in the north. However, Fu Jian thought of the scene of 8 Jin J's uniform just now, and vaguely regarded the vegetation on Bagong Mountain as an enemy flag and Gejilin. His heart.

Li was too scared to look up again. He turned to his men and said, "With so many troops, the Jin army is clearly a formidable enemy. How can you say they are weak? "

At this time, Xie Shi and Xie Xuan, through research, believed that although the former Qin army was large in number, the soldiers were forcibly recruited from people of all ethnic groups, and the people's hearts were uneven. Moreover, the pre-Qin team was huge and defeated. Jin Jun should adopt the tactics of quick victory. So he signed a letter with Xie Xuan to Fu Jian, demanding to retreat from the bank at the foot of the water, leaving room for the Jin army to cross the river at the foot of the water and have a decisive battle. Fu Jian thought: The Jin army crossed the river.

He sent his troops to attack, didn't it just happen? So he ordered the former Qin Jun to retreat. Unexpectedly, the soldiers of the former Qin Dynasty had many nationalities and refused to fight. At the back of the team heard the command to retreat, thinking that the front was defeated, they hurried away, and the former Qin Jun shouted chaos. The Jin army took the opportunity to cross the Fei water and rushed over. Someone in the former Qin army shouted: "Qin Jun lost, Qin Jun lost!" Hearing this, the former Qin soldiers became more and more confused. In an instant, hundreds of thousands of troops in the former Qin dynasty ravaged each other, killing and injuring countless people. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow. Gold return to kill, Fu Jian with cronies hurried back. Former Qin Jun was exhausted from his escape and was about to have a rest. Suddenly, I heard the wind of "whoops" and the chirping of cranes. I thought that 8 Jin Army was coming again, so I didn't dare to stop and ran again. The former Qin returned from the defeat and died two years later.

And activity overview.

Time: 383 AD

The warring parties: the former Qin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Venue: Feishui (now Wabu Lake, Shou County, Anhui Province, China)

Results: The Eastern Jin Dynasty won.

The battle of Feishui took place at the foot of Bagong Mountain on Feishui God. The ancient city of Shouxian, Anhui. Feishui is also Feishui, which comes from Jiangjun Mountain between Feixi and Shouxian. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie An and Xie Xuan defeated Fu Jian. The Battle of Feishui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a famous example in Chinese history. There are idioms such as "under the Eight Gong Mountain, a cup bows and snakes shadows", which are beyond the reach of the whip.

Activity background

The original record of the Battle of Feishui

Fei Shui, Chen and Jin soldiers of the Qin army are not allowed to cross the river. Xie Xuan sent an envoy to see Yang Ping and Gong Rong, saying, "It is a long-term plan for you to stop fighting and force water, not for a quick battle. If it is transferred to, it is good to let Jinbing cross the river to decide the outcome! " All the generals of the state of Qin said, "I am outnumbered. I might as well stop here, so that I can get things done." Jane said, "But if you serenade him halfway, I'll kill him with an iron horse. This is beyond reproach! " Rong thought so too, so he ordered the soldiers to make it disappear. Chi then retreated, unstoppable. Xie Xuan, Xie Yan, Huan Yi and so on. Lead the troops across the water to attack them. Rongchi rode a little, but those who wanted to retreat with Shuai fell down and were killed by nomads from the army, and Chi was defeated. Xuan and other 56-point thrashing, as for Cyclobalanopsis; Chi was defeated, and the deceased, Gaiye Saichuan. When Monkey heard the news, he thought that Jinbing had arrived and dared not rest day and night. They camped on the grass and froze to death, and even seven or eight died. At the beginning, there were few Qin soldiers, but Zhu Xu shouted after Chen: "Qin soldiers are defeated!" The crowd swarmed in. Xu Yuanxi, Tianxi Zhang and Xu Yuanxi all came to run. This was taken by Qin's mica car. Shouyang was also taken, and Bao Guo, the satrap of Huainan, was embraced. The former Qin army was deployed under water pressure, and the Eastern Jin army could not survive. Xie Xuan sent an emissary to Gong Rong in Yangping, saying, "You are alone, but you are pressing water to deploy. This is a strategy of lasting stalemate, not a measure of quick contact. Wouldn't it be a good thing if we could move our troops back a little and let the Jin army cross the river to decide the outcome? " All the generals in the former Qin Dynasty said, "We are outnumbered, so we might as well contain them so that they can't go ashore. This will be foolproof. " Fu Jian said, "Just lead the troops back a little, let them cross the river halfway, and then we will send armored cavalry to attack and kill them. There is no reason to be invincible! " Fu Rong thought it was ok, so he waved the flag and commanded the soldiers to retreat. Once the former Qin army retreated, it was out of control. Xie Xuan, Xie Yan and Huan Yi led troops to cross the river to attack them. Fu Rong rode on a patrol.

I tried to lead the retreating soldiers. As a result, the horse fell to the ground, and Rong Rong was killed by soldiers from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Thus, the army of the former Qin Dynasty collapsed. Xie Xuan, etc. All the way to Cyclobalanopsis. The army of the former Qin Dynasty was defeated, and the people who died of self-destruction blocked the mountains and rivers in Shan Ye. When the refugees heard the sound of the wind blowing and the chirping of cranes, they all thought that the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were coming. They didn't dare to stop day and night, panicked, slept on the streets and died of hunger and cold. At the beginning, when the former Qin Jun retreated slightly, Zhu Xu shouted behind the army: "Qin Jun failed!" Hearing this, the soldiers ran away. Zhu Xu took the opportunity to unite Tianxi Zhang and Xu Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Fu Jian, the former king of Qin, was caught in a car decorated with mica. Shouyang was also occupied, and so was Bao Guo, the former prefect of Huainan in Qin Dynasty.

Xie An got a letter from the post office. Knowing that Qin Jun was defeated, he played Go with the guests, took the book and put it on the bed. This is not happiness. Go is still the same. When the guest asked, Xu replied, "My child broke the thief." Even if the position is closed, it is within the transfer limit and there will be no mistakes.

Xie An received a letter from the post office, knowing that the former Qin army had failed. At that time, he was playing Go with his guests, putting the letter on the bed and continuing to play chess, without any happiness. The guest asked him what it was, and he replied slowly, "The children finally broke the bandit." After playing chess, he went back to the house and crossed the threshold, so happy that he didn't even notice that his fangs were broken.

The Battle of Feishui is a famous example in the history of China.

The corrupt politics in the late Western Jin Dynasty caused great social unrest, and the history of China entered a period of separatist regime. In the south, Si Marui, the evil king of Jinlang, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in March17, and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupying most of the areas south of Hanshui River and Huaihe River. In the north, there are many disputes between ethnic minority regimes. Qin Mo State, established by the Yi people, has eliminated Yan Qian, Dailiang and Liang Qian, which were independent regimes, and unified the Yellow River basin. Later in 373 AD, the Eastern Jin captured Liang (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and Yi (now Chengdu, Sichuan), and its influence extended to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Hanshui River. Fu Jian, the son of heaven in the former Qin Dynasty, hesitated to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River, and unify the north and the south. Idioms and allusions such as "beyond the reach of the whip", "the shadow of a cup bow and snake" and "the wind is rustling" all come from the war of water.

The Battle of Feishui took place in Shouxian County, Anhui Province, which was called Shouzhou and Shouyang in ancient times. It also makes fat water, which comes from Jiangjun Mountain between Feixi and Shouxian. Homologous but different: those that flow to the northwest will leave Shouxian after 200 miles and enter the Huaihe River; What flows to the southeast will flow into Chaohu Lake. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei defeated Sun Quan in Zhang Liao. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Xuan also defeated Fu Jian. This is a famous ancient battlefield. Especially the Battle of Feishui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a famous example in the history of our country.

At the battle of water, more than 700,000 * * were completely annihilated, scattered in former Qin Jun, and only the 30,000 troops of Xianbei Mu Rongchui Department were still intact. Fu Jian's hope of reunifying the north and the south was completely dashed. Not only that, the scene of the temporary reunification of the north also collapsed and split into more local ethnic regimes again. The wall of Xianbei nationality and Yao Chang of Qiang nationality rose again and established new countries respectively. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, and the former Qin Dynasty perished. Although the winner of this war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, failed to restore China's sovereignty, it effectively curbed the invasion of northern minorities and created conditions for the social and economic recovery and development in the south of the Yangtze River. The Battle of Feishui has also become a famous example of how to win more with less, and it has been recorded in the history of military affairs, which has had a long-term impact on the war view and decisive battle thought of later strategists.

Activity content

In August 383, Fu Jian led 600,000 foot soldiers, 270,000 cavalry, more than 30,000 guards and 900,000 strong men from Chang 'an to the south. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Pei Yuanlve, the prefect of Zitong, to lead 70,000 navy divisions from Bashu to the east and March towards Jiankang. Nearly a million marches "travel thousands of miles back and forth, moving in opposite directions." East and West Wan Li, land and water go hand in hand. Fu Jian proudly declared: "Take my countless trips and throw the whip in the river to stop it from flowing." "

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, facing the critical moment of life and death, the war faction headed by Prime Minister Xie An decided to stand up and resist. On the recommendation of Xie An, Emperor Wu of Jin appointed Xie Shi, Xie An's younger brother, as commander-in-chief, Xie Xuan, Xie An's nephew, as the vanguard, and led 80,000 "northern government soldiers" with strong fighting capacity after seven years of training to meet Qin Jun's main force along the west of Huaihe River. Hu Bin was sent to lead the water army to reinforce Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), a strategic place. Huan Chong was also appointed as Jiangzhou secretariat, leading the 654.38+ Wanjin Army to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and stop Qin Jun and Bashu Army from going downstream.

10 On June 8th, Fu Jian's brother Fu Rong led the Qin vanguard to capture Shouyang (now Shouxian County) and captured Xu Yuanxi, the commander-in-chief of 8 Jin Army. At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Yunxian County, Hubei Province). On the way, Hu Bin, who was ordered to lead the water army to rescue Shouyang, learned that Shouyang had been breached by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui) and waited to meet Xie Shi and Xie Xuan. Fu Rong led an army to attack Shi Xia. Fu Rong led Liang Cheng to attack Luo Jian (east of Huainan, Anhui Province) with fifty thousand troops, blocking the Huaihe River traffic and Hu Bin's retreat. Hu Bin was trapped in Shi Xia, and the food and grass were exhausted, making it difficult to support. He wrote a letter for emergency use, but the money for delivering the letter was caught by Chi, and the letter fell into Fu Rong's hands. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that Jin Serenade was short of food and grass, and suggested that he quickly arise to prevent Jin from escaping. Fu Jian got a reward, left the lion in Xiangcheng, and led 8,000 cavalry to Shouyang.

As soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouyang, he immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former commander-in-chief of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to 8 Jin Army Camp to surrender. When Zhu Xu arrived at Jinying, instead of surrendering, he provided Qin Jun with information, saying, "Although Qin Jun has a population of one million, it is still marching. If the military forces are concentrated, the Jin army will be hard to resist. Things are different now. We should take advantage of Qin Jun's failure to arrive in full and launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its vanguard and demoralize it, we can break the millions of heroes of Qin. " Xie Shi thought Qin Jun was strong earlier, and planned to stick to it until the enemy was tired. Zhu Xu's words made him feel very reasonable, so he changed his operational policy and decided to turn from defense to attack and take the initiative to attack.

165438+ 10 In June, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, a valiant general, to attack Luo Jian with 5000 soldiers, which started the battle of Feishui. Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to line up against the enemy by the river. Liu Laozhi divided his troops and made a detour to Qin Jun to cut off his retreat; Led the troops to storm waterinfo and attack Qin array. Qin Jun panicked, barely resisted for a while, and then collapsed. The commander Liang Cheng and his brother Liang Yun died in battle, and the officers and men rushed to the Huaihe River to save their lives, killing more than 1.5 million people. Luo Jian's victory greatly boosted the morale of 8 jin j..

Due to the pressure on the west bank of Feishui, 8 Jin Army could not cross the river, so they had to confront each other across the river. Xie Xuan sent an emissary to Fu Rong, who dared not say, "You are a long-term plan, not someone who wants to make a quick decision. Why don't we move less and let the nomads cross the border to decide the outcome? " Qin Jun's generals all objected, but Fu Jian thought he could play along and let the army retreat a little. When 8 Jin J was halfway across the river, he killed him with cavalry, so that he could win. Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. However, Chi was depressed, and as a result, he lost control as soon as he retreated, and the war situation was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun, and Zhu Xu shouted after the battle of Qin Jun: "Qin Jun was defeated! Qin Bing was defeated! " Chixin believed it and turned and ran. Seeing that the trend was not good, Fu Rong quickly rode to stop, in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the Jin army pursuers. The owner's soldiers became more and more chaotic and completely disintegrated. The rout of the striker triggered the panic of the follow-up team, and it was also a chain reaction to flee. As a result, the whole army fled and retreated northward. The routed troops didn't dare to stop along the way. When they heard the news, they all thought it was the pursuit of the Jin army. 8 jin j 56-point thrashing, arrived at the mud hill near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses marched step by step, covering mountains and irrigating rivers. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow, and only 65,438+million was left when he fled back to Luoyang.

The Jin army recovered Shouyang, and Xie Xuan sent a flying horse to Jiankang to report good news. Xie An is playing chess with the guests at home. After reading the good news from Xie Shi, he put aside the good news with a straight face and played chess as usual. Knowing that it was the battle report coming from the front, the guest couldn't help asking Xie An, "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly, "The children really defeated the Qin people." Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he didn't want to play chess again. He wanted to tell others the good news as soon as possible, and then left. Xie An sent the guests away and returned to the inner city. His happy heart can't hold back any longer. When he crossed the threshold, he tripped and broke his tooth. This is the origin of the famous allusion "broken tooth".

Battle allusions

Frightened by the wind, the cup bow snake shadow

"Fear of wind and fear, a glass of bow and snake shadow", that is, the sound of wind and birds is regarded as the abnormal sound of the enemy's pursuit, and the grass and trees are also regarded as the enemy's army, which shows what level of fear is when defeated and exiled!

This language comes from Fu Jian in the Book of Jin. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qiang Qin always wanted to annex the State of Jin, and Fu Jian, king of Qin, personally led 800,000 strong men to attack the State of Jin. General Xie of the State of Jin led 80,000 soldiers and horses to battle. Fu Jian was arrogant, but he didn't see the disparity of gold.

However, who expected that the vanguard Mo Feng was defeated in the first battle with 8 Jin J, Fu Jian panicked. He and his younger brother Fu Rong went to the front to inspect in the evening. He saw that Jin Jun's lineup was neat and his morale was high. Even the vegetation on Bagong Mountain, where 8 Jin J is stationed, is like a mountain full of soldiers! Then, in the battle of Feishui, Qin Jun was completely defeated and suffered heavy losses. Fu Jian, the king of Qin, was injured himself, and his younger brother Fu Rong was also killed. Fu Jian fled in haste, heard the wind and birds singing, and thought it was the enemy pursuer again. According to this historical fact, later generations created the idiom "the wind blows and the cup bows and snakes shadow".

If the cavalry throws the whip into the river

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after the former Qin Dynasty and Fu Jian unified the north, the eastern Jin Dynasty confronted the north and the south. Fu Jian will lead millions of cavalry south and wipe out the Eastern Jin Dynasty in one fell swoop. Fu Jian gathered ministers to discuss, but many ministers disagreed. Shi Yue, the minister of Prince Zuo Weikai, said: "According to the astrology, it is not appropriate to go south this year. Moreover, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was blocked by the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, and its monarch won the hearts of the people. So you can't make a rash move and travel blindly and lightly. It is better to stick to national strength, reduce armaments, and take the opportunity to attack when there is internal change. " Fu Jian doesn't think so. Instead, he boasted, "You can't believe everything about astrology. As for the Yangtze River, Fu Cha, the King of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu in the Three Kingdoms Period, are all perils of the Yangtze River and will surely die. Today, I have nearly a million warriors, many soldiers. I threw a whip into the river and interrupted the flow of the river. Are you afraid of natural disasters? " He didn't listen to the advice, decided to attack Jin, and led the troops to March in a long line from west to east. Xie Xuan and Xie Shiling, the generals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, fought against the enemy with 80,000 soldiers. Fu Jian went into battle lightly, relying on many soldiers to attack, but was resisted by 8 Jin Army. He was defeated by the Eastern Jin Dynasty in World War I and never recovered.

The original meaning is that throwing all the whips into the river can cut off the water flow. After metaphor dint, powerful, commonly used words.

make a comeback

In August 383, Fu Jian personally led 870,000 troops from Chang 'an. On the way to the south, smoke billowed, soldiers and cavalry, plus vehicles, horses and trench, the team was vast, almost a thousand miles long. After a month, Fu Jian's main force arrived in Xiangcheng (now south of Shenqiu, Henan Province), Yizhou Water Army also went downstream to the east, and troops north of the Yellow River also arrived in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province). From east to west, on the long Wanduoli front, the former Qin army went hand in hand with water and approached the south of the Yangtze River. When the news reached Jiankang, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin and all the officials in Beijing panicked. The Jin Dynasty soldiers and civilians refused to let Jiangnan fall into the hands of the former Qin Dynasty, and people longed for the proposal of Prime Minister Xie An. Xie An is a native of Yang Xiachen Jun (now Taikang, Henan Province). He was born into a noble family. He and Wang Xizhi were good friends when he was young. He often travels around Dongshan in Huiji, reciting poems and talking about articles. He was famous in the taxi doctor class at that time, and people thought he was a very talented person. But he was willing to live in seclusion in Dongshan and refused to be an official. He was chosen as an official, and he didn't want to do it after more than a month in office. At that time, there was a saying among doctors: "What can ordinary people do if Xie An doesn't come out to be an official?" It was not until he was in his forties that he came out to be an official again. Because Xie An lived in seclusion for a long time, he later came out to be an official, which was called "a comeback".

Combat thinking

There are many reasons for Fu Jian's fiasco at Feishui. Among them, there are mainly: pride, subjectivity, decisiveness, not listening to dissuasion, and rushing to war; Internal instability, disagreement, confusion, and floating people's hearts; If the front line is too long and the troops are scattered, the length of the house will be short and there will be no cooperation; When the first battle was frustrated, he lost his determination; In addition, not knowing the military situation, retreating at will and making a mess provided the enemy with an opportunity; Not aware of the espionage activities of Zhu Xu and others, let opponents know their own situation and put themselves in a passive position.

The main factors for the victory of the troops in the Eastern Jin Dynasty can be summarized as follows: staying calm in the face of danger and calmly responding to the enemy; The monarch and the minister are in harmony, and the soldiers use their lives; The Lord will be able and the command will be certain; Get the truth about the enemy and know yourself; The foot soldiers are fine, and the northern government soldiers are ten; Understand the right time, the right place and the right people, and give full play to the strengths of your own army; Break the enemy in the first battle, defeat its soldiers and boost morale; Encourage the enemy with wisdom, lure him into chaos, and then use the gap to cover up and kill him; Resolutely implement strategic pursuit and expand the results.

Combat significance

The result of the Battle of Feishui stabilized the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, effectively curbed the intrusion of the northern minority nobles on the south, and provided the necessary opportunity for the social and economic recovery and development of the south of the Yangtze River. For the former Qin regime and Fu Jian himself, this campaign was to promote the disintegration of the temporary reunification scene in the northern region. Mu Rongchui, Yao Chang and other clan nobles rose again, dismembering the rule of the former Qin Dynasty, and Fu Jian himself soon suffered the tragic end of physical death and national destruction.

In the long run, the most important role of the Battle of Feishui is to continue and develop the Central Plains culture of the Han nationality who fled to the south, and directly affect the spiritual essence of the later unified dynasties such as Sui and Tang Dynasties. It can be said that the Battle of Feishui preserved the core part of Chinese culture and gave it a chance to breathe and rise again after the so-called "five wild flowers".

After the Battle of Feishui and the Battle of Shenhe North, there was a trend of separation between the north and the south. Later, Emperor Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty entered Chang 'an in 4 17 AD, but the team would have a conflict in Guanzhong, with gains and losses. In 450, Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty penetrated all the way from the north bank of the Yellow River to the north bank of the Yangtze River, but it was difficult for northerners to adapt to the weather in the south, and the soldiers were sick and could not stay long. Hou Jing, winner-takes-all, rebelled against Beiqi first, then took refuge in Nanliang, and then rebelled against Liang's independence. In 548 ad, they were also trapped in Jiankang, and were killed by their subordinates soon. They all went away to unify the whole country. It was not until A.D. 589 that Emperor Wendi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty inherited "one boundary" and "one area". So far, 206 years have passed since the Battle of Feishui.

Historically, reunification is not based on the orthodoxy of the North and the South, but on the political development of the state power. Judging from the unification trend of China after the Battle of Feishui, although the rulers had advantages in morality and popular support, they still failed to complete reunification, because the ruling class of the rulers did not regard the completion of national reunification as a basic policy. Even Zhu Xu, a military commander, did not aim at the Northern Expedition. The court appointed him as the secretariat of Yan Xu, stationed in Pengcheng, but he asked to retire to Huaiyin. Obviously there is no will to the Northern Expedition. Even after Sima Tian replaced him as the secretariat of Yan Xu, he was still stationed in Luoyang. The rulers still failed to complete the Northern Expedition. Sima Tian died after serving for more than a year, and Zhu Xu quickly retreated from Luoyang to Xiangyang. In addition to Zhu Xu and Liu Laozhi, the rulers also fought a small-scale battle on the north bank of the Yellow River, attacking Zhai Zhao. There was no real Northern Expedition between Houyan and Houqin. At that time, the ruling class of the Jin Dynasty,