Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Ye Shengtao's information
Ye Shengtao's information
Life: Ye Shengtao was originally named Shi Shaogou, a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu. Father works as a shopkeeper in the landlord's house, and his family is poor. 1907 was admitted to Caoqiao Middle School and worked as a teacher in a primary school after graduation. 19 14 was expelled from the school, and his essays and novels were published in magazines such as Saturday. 19 15 autumn, I went to Shanggong School affiliated to Shanghai Commercial Press to teach Chinese and write Chinese textbooks for primary schools for the Commercial Press. 19 17 applied to teach in the fifth higher primary school in Yongzhi County, Wuxian County. 19 18 The first vernacular novel "Spring Banquet" was published in Vol.4, No.2 and No.3 of Women magazine. 19 19 participated in the trendy club organized by Peking University students and published novels and papers in trendy. 192 1 year, Zheng Zhenduo, Mao Dun and others organized a literary research society and published their works in Fiction Monthly and Literature Xunkan. 1922, the first collection of short stories "Diaphragm" was published. The Scarecrow published by 1923 is the first collection of fairy tales in China. 1928 wrote the excellent novel Ni Huanzhi. 1923- 1930, edited by Shanghai Commercial Press. 1927 May began to edit the novel monthly. 1930 transferred to Ming Kai Bookstore as an editor. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, his family moved to China, where he served as a professor in the Chinese Department of Wuhan University. Later, he went to Chengdu to preside over the editing work of Ming Kai Bookstore. 1946 back to Shanghai.
After the founding of New China, he successively served as Director of the General Administration of Publishing, Vice Minister of Education, President of People's Education Publishing House, Director of the Central Institute of Literature and History, and Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
resume
Ye Shengtao, 1894, from Wuxian County, Suzhou.
1907 was admitted to Caoqiao Middle School and served as a primary school teacher after graduation. 19 14 was expelled from school and began to write classical Chinese novels.
19 15 worked as a Chinese teacher in Shanggong School of Shanghai Commercial Press, and compiled Chinese textbooks for primary schools for the Commercial Press. Later, he was hired as the fifth higher primary school teacher in Jiaozhi County, Wuxian County.
19 18, his first vernacular novel "Spring Banquet" was published in the second and third issues of Volume 4 of Women magazine.
19 19 joined the trendy society of Peking University and began to write vernacular literature.
192 1 year, Mao dun, Zheng Zhenduo and others initiated the organization of "literature research society" and advocated "literature for life".
From 65438 to 0923, he entered the Commercial Press to engage in editing and publishing, and published the novel Ni Huanzhi.
1930, he transferred to Ming Kai Bookstore to host the magazine "Middle School Students".
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, the "Grand Alliance of Anti-imperialist and Anti-Japanese Literary and Art Circles" was launched.
During the Anti-Japanese War, he went to Sichuan to continue the editorial work of Ming Kai Bookstore, and also participated in the establishment of the "literary and art circles anti-enemy support club".
1946, after returning to Shanghai, he served as the director of the General Affairs Department of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and the consultant of Shanghai Primary School Teachers' Joint Training Association and Middle School Education Research Association.
1949, arrived in Beiping and served as the director of the textbook editorial board of the North China People's Government. Later, he served as a member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
After 1949, he successively served as vice minister of education, president and editor-in-chief of People's Education Publishing House, member of All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, consultant of Chinese Writers Association, director of the Central Museum of Literature and History, vice chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC) CPPCC, standing committee of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth NPC, standing committee of the fifth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the sixth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Central Committee for Democratic Progressive Party.
Education and News Editors' Thinking
Ye Shengtao's educational thought and press and publication thought are interrelated and inseparable;
Teaching means not teaching.
Literature for life
readability
Literary works
Ye Shengtao's main pen names are Ye Tao, Shengtao and Guishan. 19 14 started writing novels in classical Chinese, and 19 18 published works in vernacular Chinese. He wrote a lot of novels, essays, essays, poems and children's literature in his life.
Spring Banquet Zotan: His First Vernacular Novel
Ni Huanzhi: A Novel
Diaphragm: A Collection of Novels
Fire: a collection of novels
Suzhou Gardens: Prose
Especially the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl: A Myth.
Newspapers and magazines
Ye Shengtao has served as editor, editor-in-chief or editor-in-chief of the following newspapers:
Saturday
Shanghai current affairs news
Shanghai Republic of China Daily
Literary weekly
Axiomatic daily
China Monthly
Suzhou review
Women magazine
Novel monthly
middle school student
Enlightened boy
Chinese writer
People education
China people are in China.
poetic sentiment
light
China magazine
Middle school students' wartime biweekly
Fairy tale works
Ye Shengtao once wrote the following fairy tales:
scarecrow
tourist
Xiaobaichuan
Stone statues of ancient heroes
A seed
The emperor's new clothes
Roses and goldfish
Moon girl's marriage
Mimosa pudica
sunbeam
Fang er's dream
etc
Ye Shengtao Memorial
Ye Shengtao Memorial Hall of Ye Shengtao Park in Jiaozhi Town is located in the West Garden of Baosheng Temple in Jiaozhi District, Suzhou. This is the original site of the fifth higher primary school in the county where he taught from 19 17 to 1922.
(1894 ~ 1988) Modern writer, children's literature writer and educator. Formerly known as Shao Gou, the word Shengtao, the main pen names are Ye Tao, Shengtao and Guishan. People from Suzhou, Jiangsu. 1907 entered Suzhou Public No.1 Middle School and worked as a primary school teacher at1910 after graduation. 19 14 published more than 0 classical Chinese novels 10; 19 19 years to join the trendy society; 192 1 year participated in the establishment of literature research society. In the 1920s, collections of short stories such as Diaphragm, Fire, Offline, In the City, Never tire of reading and novel Ni Huanzhi were published one after another. Most of the early novels describe the gray life of intellectuals and ordinary citizens, such as Mr. Pan in trouble. Later, he turned to absorb major themes related to the struggle of the times, such as Night and Ni Huanzhi, which profoundly reflected the social reality before and after the first revolutionary civil war. His novels present a simple and calm artistic style. After the "September 18th Incident", he took an active part in patriotic anti-Japanese activities, published famous short stories such as "Thirty-five Wars", and his skills became more and more sophisticated. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he moved to Sichuan to work and live, mainly in prose and literary criticism. The main prose collections are Footsteps Collection, Live Not Tired, Give Up Collection, Ten Records, etc. His prose has simple feelings, meaningful meaning and clean language, and most of them have solid social content. Lotus root and shepherd's purse, a shower on May 30, morning glory, Spring Festival couplets and so on are all famous essays with their own characteristics.
Ye Shengtao is also a pioneer of China's modern fairy tale creation. The Scarecrow, a collection of fairy tales, shows the sufferings of the working people, but sometimes the atmosphere is low and sad. The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes is a collection of later fairy tales, which shows the collective strength of people uniting against violence. His fairy tales are novel and unique in conception, exquisite and realistic in description and rich in realistic content. Lu Xun said that Ye Shengtao's Scarecrow opened up a creative road of his own for China's fairy tales.
Ye Shengtao has been teaching in middle schools and universities in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Beijing since 192 1. Started editing and publishing from 1923. He used to be the editor-in-chief of Commercial Press and Ming Kai Bookstore, editor-in-chief of Literature Weekly, Novel Monthly and Middle School Students, and found, trained and recommended writers such as Ba Jin, Ding Ling and Dai Wangshu. He also published many poems, comments and works, and edited dozens of Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he devoted himself to the leadership of culture and education, and served as the president of People's Education Publishing House, the vice minister of education, the curator of the Central Museum of Literature and History, and the vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
works appreciation
Ye Shengtao Scarecrow
The scenery and scenes in the field during the day, some poets write it as beautiful poems, and some painters paint it as vivid pictures. In the evening, the poet drank wine and got a little drunk. The painter is singing in a low voice with exquisite instruments: he has no time to come to the fields. Then, who else will tell people about the scenery and situation in the field at night? Yes, and the scarecrow.
Christians say that man was created by God's own hands. Whether this sentence is right or not, we can say that the scarecrow was made by the farmers themselves. His skeleton is thin bamboo branches in the bamboo garden, and his muscles and skin are yellow straw every other year. Broken bamboo baskets and residual lotus leaves can be used as his hat; The face under the hat is flat, and you can't tell where the nose is and where the eyes are. He has no fingers in his hand, but he has a broken fan-it's not really a hand, just tied to the handle with a thread and hung on it. His skeleton is very long, with a piece under his foot. The farmer planted this section in the soil in the middle of the field, and he stood there for a day and a night.
Scarecrow is very responsible If you compare the cow with him, the cow is much lazier than him. Sometimes he lies on the ground and looks up at the sky. If you compare dogs with him, dogs are much more naughty than him, and sometimes they run around, making their owners look around. He never gets bored, lying like an ox watching the sky; I never play. I run around like a dog. He looked at the field quietly, and the fan in his hand shook gently, driving away the birds that came to eat the newly harvested ears of rice. He doesn't eat or sleep, even if he doesn't sit down to rest, he always stands there stiffly.
Of course, only the scarecrow knows the scenery and situation in the field at night, and knows the most. He knows how dew condenses on the grass leaves and how sweet dew is. He knows how the stars blink and the moon smiles. He knows how quiet the fields are at night, and how flowers and trees sleep soundly; He knows how bugs find me, how I find you, and how butterflies fall in love. In short, he knows everything at night like the back of his hand.
Here are a few things that the scarecrow encountered at night.
One starry night, he was guarding the field, his fan rocking gently. New ears of rice came one by one, and the stars shone on them. Some are sparkling, like a layer of water drops. If there is a little wind, let the salad ring. The scarecrow looked at it and was very happy. He thought that this year's harvest would definitely make his master, a poor old lady, smile. Where has she laughed before? Her husband died eight or nine years ago. She cried when she remembered it, her eyes still red; But also become a problem, easy to cry. She has only one son and two women, and she has worked hard to plant this field. It took three years to pay her husband's funeral expenses. Unexpectedly, my son got diphtheria and died. She fainted at that time, and then she fell into heartache and often committed crimes. This time, she was left alone. She is old and has no strength, so she has to work hard. After three years, she finally paid off her son's funeral expenses. But after two years of water, the rice was flooded, either rotten or sprouted. Her tears flowed more, her eyes were hurt, and she couldn't see things in the distance. Her face is wrinkled and looks like a dried orange. Where can she laugh? However, this year's rice is growing well and vigorously, and there is not much rain. It seems to be a bumper harvest. So the scarecrow was happy for her: thinking of the day of harvest, she saw big and full ears of rice, all of which were her own. Finally, there is no white burden, and the wrinkles on her face will definitely spread out, revealing a gratified and satisfied smile. If there is such a smile, in the eyes of the scarecrow, it is more lovely and precious than the smile of the stars and the moon, because he loves his master.
While the scarecrow was thinking about it, a small moth came, grayish brown. He immediately realized that this moth was the enemy of rice, that is, the enemy of its owner.
From his standpoint, from his feelings for his master, he must drive the moths away. So the fan in his hand shook. But the wind power of the fan is very limited, which can't teach moths to be afraid. The moth flew for a while and landed on a rice leaf, as if she didn't think the scarecrow had come to expel him. The scarecrow was very worried when he saw the moth fall. But his body, like a tree, is fixed in the soil and cannot move half a step forward; Although the fan shook, the little moth still rested safely. He thought about the future situation on the battlefield, the tears and shriveled face of his master, and the fate of his master, and his heart was like a knife. But the little moth is resting. No matter how difficult it is, he just won't move.
When the stars came back in droves and all the night scenes disappeared, the moth flew away. Scarecrow carefully looked at the rice leaves, and sure enough, the tips of the leaves rolled up and there were many moths on them. This makes the scarecrow feel infinite fear, thinking that disaster is coming, the more afraid, the more inevitable. Poor master, she has only two blurred eyes; Tell her so that she can see the offspring of moths as soon as possible, and then she can be saved. He thought so, and the fan shook more frequently. Fans often touch their bodies and make a snapping sound. He can't shout. This is the only way to warn his master.
The old woman came to the field. She bent down to see that the water in the field was just right, so there was no need to draw water from the river. Look at the rice she planted herself, all of which are very strong; Touch the ear of rice, it's heavy. Look at the scarecrow again, his hat is still very straight; The fan is still in the hand, shaking and making a sound; But also stand well, upright, the position did not move, and the appearance is exactly the same as before. Seeing that everything was all right, she went to Tian 'an, ready to go home and rub the straw rope.
Scarecrow saw that his master was leaving, so he shook his fan in a hurry, trying to keep his master by this urgent voice. The voice seemed to say, "my master, don't go!" Don't think that everything is fine in the field, and all the disasters have left roots in the field. Once it happens, it will get out of hand. At that time, you will dry your tears and break your heart. Put it out before it's too late. Here, on this tree, look at this rice tip! " He repeatedly warned through the sound of the fan; But where does the old woman know? She walked away step by step. He was so anxious that he was still shaking his fan that he didn't know that the warning was invalid until the master's back was out of sight.
No one is worried about rice except the scarecrow. He couldn't wait to jump over and put out the root seedlings of the disaster; I can't wait for the wind to send word to invite my master to root out this disaster quickly. His body used to be thin, but now it looks even more gaunt. He has no strength to stand up straight, but leans his shoulders and bends over as if he were ill.
A few days later, in the rice fields, moths became carnivores and were everywhere. In the dead of night, the scarecrow heard the sound of them chewing rice leaves and saw their greedy faces when they ate more. Gradually, a large area of thick green rice disappeared, leaving only bare stalks. He was too sad to watch it again. Thinking that the master's hard work this year can only bring tears and sighs, he can't help but bow his head and cry.
The weather is very cold at this time, and it is in the field at night, and the scarecrow is shivering in the cold wind; He didn't feel it just because he was crying. Suddenly came a woman's voice: "Who should I be? It's you. " He was taken aback before he felt cold. But what can we do? In order to do his duty, he had to stand there despite the cold weather. He looked at the woman. Turned out to be a fisherman. There is a river in front of the ridge, and the fishing boat stops by the river, and there is a faint light in the cabin. She is putting the supported fish into the bottom of the river; The fish sank, so she sat on the shore and pulled it up later.
Children's coughs are often heard in the hut, and sleepy, subtle voices are often heard calling their mothers. This made her very anxious. She pulled hard, but it always looked awkward and almost empty. The child in the hut was still coughing and shouting, so she said to the hut, "sleep well!" When I have fish, I will cook porridge for you tomorrow. You always call me, and my heart is in a mess. How can I catch fish? "
The child had no choice but to shout, "Mom, I'm thirsty! Give me some tea! " Then there was a cough.
"Here which come of tea! Be honest for a while, my ancestor! "
"I am dying of thirst!" The child cried loudly. In the open field at night, this cry is particularly sad.
Helpless, the fisherman put down the rope, got on the boat, entered the cabin, picked up a bowl, scooped up a bowl of water from the river, and turned to give it to the child. The child finished the water in one gulp. He was really thirsty. But as soon as the bowl was put down, he coughed again; The situation is getting worse and worse, and all that remains is breathing.
The fisherman couldn't take care of her children, so she went ashore to help her. For a long time, there was no sound in the cabin. Her coffin was empty several times before she got a crucian carp, seven or eight inches long. This is the first harvest. She carefully took the fish out of the coffin, put it in the barrel and put it down. This wooden bucket for fish is next to the scarecrow's feet.
At this time, the scarecrow was even more sad. He pitied the sick child, so thirsty that he couldn't even drink a sip of tea; I am too sick to sleep with my mother. He pitied the fisherman and planned tomorrow's porridge on this cold night, so he had to bite the bullet and leave the sick child behind. He can't wait to chop wood and make tea for the children. I can't wait to make my own bedding and give my children a little warmth; I can't wait to cook porridge for fishermen with the stolen goods of small carnivores. If he can walk, he must do what he wants at once; But unfortunately, his body, like a tree, is fixed in the soil and can't even move a step. There is nothing he can do. The more he thought about it, the sadder he became, and the more he cried. Suddenly, with a bang, he got a fright, stopped crying and saw something. It turned out that the crucian carp was thrown into the bucket.
There is very little water in the bucket, so the crucian carp lies at the bottom of the bucket and can only get wet on the lower side. Crucian carp is very uncomfortable, so if you want to escape, you can jump up hard. I jumped several times, but I was blocked by the high bucket rack, and I still fell to the bottom of the bucket, and my body fell very painful. The crucian carp's upward eyes saw the scarecrow and begged, "Friend, please put down your fan for a while and help me!" " I left my home in the water and only died. Good friend, help me! "
Hearing the sincere plea of crucian carp, the scarecrow was very sad; But he can only shake his head hard. He means: "please forgive me, I am a weak person!" My heart is not only willing to save you, but also willing to save the woman who arrested you and her child. Except for you, the fisherman and her children, and all the people who suffer. But like a tree, I am stuck in the soil and can't even move freely. How can I get what I want? Please forgive me, I am a weak person! "
Crucian carp don't understand scarecrow, just watching him shake his head again and again, angry as fire. "What's so difficult! You have no heart at all, just shake your head! It turned out that I was wrong, because of my own difficulties, why ask others! I should do it myself and try my best. If I fail, I will die. What's the matter! " The crucian carp let out a cry and jumped up. It took 12 minutes this time, and even the tips of the tail and pectoral fin stood on end.
Scarecrow saw that crucian carp misunderstood his meaning and had no way to explain it to crucian carp. He was very sad, sighing and crying. After a while, he looked up and saw the fisherman asleep with a rope in one hand; This is because she is too tired. Although she is thinking about porridge tomorrow, she finally can't support it. What about the crucian carp in the bucket? I can't hear the sound of jumping, and my tail seems to be twitching intermittently. The Scarecrow thought that this night was a sad night, and there were many sad things together. But look at those little robbers who eat rice leaves. They are happy, full and dancing on the bare stalks. After the rice harvest, the master's old strength was wasted. Is there anything more pitiful in the world?
The night is getting darker and darker, even the stars look dim. The scarecrow suddenly felt a shadow coming from one side of the field. When he looked carefully, it turned out to be a woman, wearing a fat short coat and messy hair. She stopped and looked at the fishing boat parked by the river; Turned and walked to the river bank; Without taking a few steps, he stood there stiffly. The scarecrow felt very strange and looked at her carefully.
A very sad voice came from her mouth, weak and intermittent, which could only be heard by straw accustomed to hearing all the small voices at night.
The voice said, "I'm not a cow or a pig, how can I let you sell it to others casually!" " I want to run away, and I can't wait for you to sell it to someone else tomorrow. You have a little money. You either lost two games or drank yellow soup for a few days. What's the use? Why do you have to force me? ..... There is only death, and there is no other way but death! If you die, go underground to find my child! "Where are these words? I cried so hard that my voice was disturbed.
The scarecrow was very afraid, which was another painful thing he encountered.
She wants to die! He was anxious to save her, and he didn't know why. He shook the fan again to wake the sleeping fisherman. But I can't. The fisherman slept like a dead man and did not move. He hates himself. He shouldn't be stuck in the soil like a tree. He can't even move a step. Isn't destruction a sin? I committed this crime. This is really worse than death. "Oh my god, turn on the light! Farmers, get up! Birds fly to report the news!
The wind will blow away her desire to die! He prayed silently like this; But it was still dark and there was no sound. His heart was broken, he dared not look, and timidly stared at the shadow standing by the river.
The woman stood silently for a while and leaned forward. The scarecrow knew that the terrible time had come, and the fan in his hand beat louder. But she didn't jump and stood there stiffly.
After a long time, she suddenly raised her arm and ran into the river like a fallen body. When the scarecrow saw this scene, he fainted before he heard her fall into the water.
The next morning, the farmer passed by the river and found a body in the river. The news spread at once. All the men and women nearby came to see it. The noisy sound woke the sleeping fisherman. She saw that the crucian carp in the bucket was dead.
She walked back to the hut with a bucket; The sick child woke up, his face looked thinner and his cough was worse. The old peasant woman followed everyone to the river to see; I walked past my rice field and took a look. Unexpectedly, it was finished in just a few days, and the rice leaves and ears were gone, leaving only the stiff and bare stems. She stamped her feet, beat her chest and burst into tears. Everyone ran to talk to her and saw the scarecrow lying in the middle of the field.
Written on June 7th 1922.
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