Take the children to the kindergarten for physical examination today. The doctor said he was a little nearsighted. This is the optometry result. Originally, he said he would do mydriasis, but as a res

Take the children to the kindergarten for physical examination today. The doctor said he was a little nearsighted. This is the optometry result. Originally, he said he would do mydriasis, but as a result, the child couldn't recognize the eye chart. Children myopia

Children's myopia belongs to myopia and is a kind of ametropia, which is different from the characteristics of adult myopia. Myopia (myopia) refers to a refractive state in which parallel light passes through the refractive system of the eyes and falls in front of the retina when the eyes are relaxed. Children's myopia refers to the onset of childhood, which is characterized by abnormal accommodation, progressive and easy to be influenced by many factors.

eye-doctor

Myopia is not just wearing glasses, but a chronic eye disease that damages vision. What are its negative effects?

1 | Negative Effects of Myopia 1 Negative Appearance and Psychological Projection

People who wear frame glasses often have negative images, such as being considered introverted, smart, hardworking and uninterested in sports. Eyes and teeth are the first business cards of our personal image. The image goal of middle-class children should be neat and white teeth and not nearsighted eyes.

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Affect the quality of life

Looking for glasses endlessly is not convenient for ball games, swimming and diving. If the frame of the glasses doesn't break, you may be in danger of eye injury. In winter, from the cold outdoor to the warm indoor, the glasses fog immediately. Myopia people are easily restricted when choosing a job, because myopia will affect fine vision and stereoscopic vision, and the reaction speed will be slightly slower. For example, professional baseball players need to pass the test of their reaction speed and accurate positioning of baseball.

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Complications of myopia are very expensive.

Why is it expensive? Myopia is irreversible and can only be corrected but not cured. 15 people with myopia belong to pathological high myopia, and half of the people with15 have irreversible vision loss, such as poor vision at night and visual field defect. Myopia people may also face various complications, such as retinal detachment leading to decreased vision. If retinal detachment occurs, surgery is needed, and the cost is more than 10,000 yuan. People with high myopia are also prone to choroidal neovascularization and need to be injected with anti-angiogenic drugs. The cost of each drug is at least 4500 to 10000. If you want to permanently correct myopia without glasses, then the cost of refractive surgery is more than 10 thousand. So the complications of myopia are very expensive.

So what should we do? Parents need to know the law of vision development of children aged 0-6, and scientifically prevent myopia, or scientifically inhibit the progress of myopia after the onset of myopia in children.

2 | The development law of children's eyes

The development law of 1 eye axis

Children's eyes are gradually developing, so their eyesight is also gradually developing, not 1.0 at birth.

Three eyeballs are shown on the right. Pay attention to the length of the eyeball (the technical term is eye axis). With the increase of the axial length, the refractive state of the eye also changes, from hyperopia in the above picture to emmetropia in the middle. The vast majority of East Asian children will not stay in the right eye, but under the action of myopia genes, the axial length will continue to grow and become myopia in adulthood. If the pathological high myopia gene is inherited, even after adulthood, the axial length will continue to grow and develop into ultra-high myopia of 1000 -2000 degrees.

Since I was one year old, I have taken my children to optometry every year to pay attention to the changes of hyperopia. At the age of 3, children can be taught to know the eye chart. Since I was 3 years old, I have needed optometry and eyesight examination every year. Pay attention to the development of children's vision and the change of hyperopia, just like height and weight.

2 read the optometry sheet

How to understand children's eyesight? This is to take the child to an optometry. Many parents can't read the symbol of seeing flowers in the fog. Here is a brief introduction. The optometry sheet will include the following information:

R and l are used to distinguish left and right eyes, R is the right eye and L is the left eye.

S value: greater than+1 indicates hyperopia, and less than-1 indicates myopia. It is not a good phenomenon that the S value becomes negative after dropping mydriatic eye drops.

C value: C represents the degree of astigmatism, and the value of C is less than 1 after the age of 2 in China.

The value a represents the direction of astigmatism and does not need to be known.

The explanation of this optometry sheet is that the right eye is hyperopia of 275 degrees, astigmatism 1 12 degrees, and the left eye is hyperopia of 437 degrees and astigmatism of 275 degrees.

Infants must have astigmatism.

Astigmatism is not as terrible as it looks in Chinese characters. Astigmatism only represents the morphology of the anterior surface of cornea or lens. The anatomical structure of our eyeball is not perfect, and there are few corneas and lenses without astigmatism.

If the child does not squint, what astigmatism degrees need to be corrected with glasses: within 0 to 6 months, the astigmatism degree is above 400 degrees; 1 year astigmatism is above 250 degrees; Astigmatism at 2 years old is above 200 degrees; Astigmatism at 3 and 4 years old is above 150 degrees, which needs to be corrected. For school-age children, even if there are no symptoms, but the astigmatism is above 75 degrees, they need to wear glasses to correct it.

Babies must be farsighted.

But the degree of hyperopia is related to age. If the hyperopia degree is above 350 degrees after 1 year old, above 250 degrees after 4 years old, and above 150 degrees for school-age children, all these need glasses to be corrected. Before the age of 6, the S value after mydriasis is greater than+1, which is a good phenomenon.

Key point: 3 years old is the key period for screening amblyopia in children.

After the age of 3, children go to kindergarten and begin to receive vision screening before entering the park, that is, look at the electronic eye chart. The minimum vision of preschool children in China can be recorded as "3-4-5 principle", that is, if children don't wear glasses, the minimum vision of each eye should be 0.3 at the age of 3, 0.4 at the age of 4 and 0.5 at the age of 5 and 6. In addition, according to China's "amblyopia diagnosis expert knowledge (20 1 1 year)", the lower limit of the best corrected vision for children aged 3-5 is 0.5. If the optometrist optometry the child and check the corrected vision, each eye can see at least 0.5 lines of letters or graphics.

Why is the child's eyesight not 1.0? Preschool children should be farsighted, so their vision is not 1.0. If it is lower than the standard of "345 principle", you need to take your child to ophthalmology for mydriasis optometry to eliminate amblyopia.

Focus: 3-6 years old is the key period to prevent myopia.

This picture represents the change of axial length of children from 6 years old to 15 years old. Children who are nearsighted, that is, the top line, grow up quickly. Normal healthy children in Theory of Three Represents are farsighted at first, then face up, and their growth rate is moderate. Have you noticed? The fastest development of children's eye axis is at the age of 7-8, so the prevention of children's myopia needs to start before the age of 6, and outdoor activities should be guaranteed for more than two hours every day. This is a pure natural and free method to prevent myopia.

Five danger signs of children's near myopia

People who wear frame glasses often have negative images, such as being considered introverted, smart, hardworking and uninterested in sports. Eyes and teeth are the first business cards of our personal image. The image goal of middle-class children should be neat and white teeth and not nearsighted eyes.

3 | Scientific prevention of myopia

Can children whose parents are nearsighted be nearsighted?

Myopia is almost impossible to avoid. Myopia gene is highly heritable in East Asian population. According to a study in China (IOVS20 14):585): 585 rural children aged 6- 17 and 356 parents. It is found that Chinese children's myopia will be close to their parents when they are 14 years old, and children's myopia will be deeper than their parents when they are 100 years old.

Is eye exercises useful?

The clinical study of Beijing Tongren Hospital (PLoS One20 15) divided 90 cases 10- 14-year-old children with emmetropia or myopia into three groups: standard acupoint massage, non-acupoint massage and simple eye closure. Do it every day. There was no significant difference in near vision and far vision between the three groups. It shows that eye exercises can't prevent the development of children's myopia.

Is acupuncture useful?

According to the clinical research results of Taiwan Province province (Cochrane database syst Rev.2011), acupuncture can not slow down the growth of axial length of myopia children, and children have obvious pain. In other words, parents don't want to benefit from acupuncture, they can save money.

Can close reading and writing lead to myopia?

At present, there is no meta-analysis research result to support the early onset or deepening of myopia in children caused by close eye use. In my opinion, children who ensure outdoor activities for more than two hours every day need not worry about the negative effects of reading books, watching electronic screens and reading and writing at close range.

Advice on watching TV and playing games for children

According to the opinion of American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 years old don't read at all, so parent-child reading is recommended. People over 2 years old should have a rest every 1 hour at most every day and every 15 minutes. You still have to watch TV, so that children and children of the same age have the same language. In addition to cartoons that children of the same age are watching, I personally think Disney cartoons can be watched in nature and the animal world. Don't watch violence, horror, blind date and short programs in your parents' home. You can extend TV programs to books and read story books and popular science books on related topics.

Outdoor activities can't stop the progress of myopia

Outdoor activities can prevent the occurrence of myopia, but can't stop the progress of myopia. For the developed myopia, parents should wear orthokeratology glasses or use low concentration atropine eye drops.

Indoor exercise has no protective effect on myopia.

The fundamental reason is that the light is not bright enough. Scientists studying myopia in Australian National University believe that to prevent myopia, you should exercise for 3 hours under the light of 1 Wanlex every day. 10000 lux's brightness is equivalent to the light intensity that the eyes feel after wearing sunglasses in the shade at noon in summer. On a cloudy day, the light is insufficient 1 10,000 lux. Even if the office and classroom are well lit indoors, the light intensity will not exceed 500lux, which is 20 times different from that outside.

How to do myopia before 6 years old?

If myopia occurs before the age of 6, especially premature infants and children with a family history of high myopia, atropine eye drops are recommended. In 20 15, the sensational research results of myopia control for children in Singapore were released. In this clinical trial, 400 Asian children aged 6- 12 with myopia above 200 degrees were given atropine eye drops to observe the safety and effectiveness of atropine eye drops with different concentrations in controlling myopia in children within 5 years. The results showed that the concentration of atropine eye drops was the best, the myopia degree increased the least, the axial length increased the shortest and the side effects were the least within 5 years. Ophthalmologists suggest that one in ten thousand atropine eye drops should be used for at least two years, and the myopia degree should be increased by less than 25 degrees every year before stopping the drug.

Children's growth needs scientific monitoring.

We can't wait for our children to be nearsighted early.

You can't just give nearsighted children a pair of glasses.

We need early prevention and early suppression.

Ensure enough outdoor activities every day from an early age to prevent myopia; After myopia, atropine eye drops were used before the age of 6, and orthokeratology was used after the age of 6. In this case, children will be less nearsighted, spend less money and have less troubles when they grow up.