The "Ji" in the Yao, Shun, and Yu periods was in southern Shanxi and not in the eighth state of ancient Egypt.

The "Ji" in the Yao, Shun and Yu periods was in southern Shanxi and not in the eighth state of ancient Egypt

Text | Huang Yinbing

July 1, 2018, I published an article titled "China and the Capital of Dayu during the Yao, Shun, and Yu Periods and the Changes of the Capitals of the Xia Dynasty." I discussed the relationship between China and Hebei during the Yao, Shun, and Yu Periods, the changes of the capitals of the Xia Dynasty, and other issues. The main historical materials are From "Historical Records", "Sanjia Annotated Historical Records", "Ancient Bamboo Chronicles" and some other books. Especially in the "Ancient Bamboo Chronicles", there is a clear record of the historical fact that Yao, Shun, and Yu ascended the throne of emperor in Jidu.

When I was finishing the article "The Lost Buzhou Mountain" on October 2, 2018, I suddenly thought of an article I had read a few days ago called "Abydos: Archaeological Texts Confirm the Capital City of Yao, Shun, and Yu" by Bingce Rujian ”, in this article Bingce Confucian Sword set the scope of activities of the Five Emperors in the eighth state of ancient Egypt, saying that the eighth state of ancient Egypt was Jizhou. Under the argument of Bing Ce Confucian Sword, the five emperors all ran to the Nile River Basin in ancient Egypt, which was beyond the reach of eight poles. Therefore, in the article "The Lost Buzhou Mountain", I impromptuly wrote the following words that have nothing to do with Buzhou Mountain:

"Historical Records" also has research on Buzhou Mountain. "Huainanzi" is quoted in the explanatory notes of Historical Records: There is a concubine in the north of Buzhou. Historical Records. Zhengyi said: Note: The record says that "Jie was defeated in the ruins of You'e", and You'e should be in Puzhou. Where is Puzhou? Yongji, Shanxi, was called Puban in ancient times and is located in southern Shanxi. The Yellow River turns a huge bay here. "History of the Road" also records that Puban, the capital of Zhu, is believed to have been the capital of Zhu, the son of the Lieshan clan of Emperor Yan in ancient times. It is also known as Puban, the capital of Shun, in history books. The "Jidu" mentioned in the "Ancient Bamboo Chronicles" is in this area, and Yao, Shun and Yu ascended the throne of emperor in "Jidu". Southern Shanxi was the core area of ??the Huaxia people during the Yao, Shun, and Yu periods. I have already talked about it in my article "China during the Yao, Shun, and Yu Periods and the Changes of the Capital of Yu and the Capital of the Xia Dynasty."

Some people do not understand "Ji" and think that ancient books say that the area between the two rivers is called Ji, which means that the area between the West Yellow River and the East Yellow River is the ancient Jizhou. The West Yellow River is the Yellow River that flows north-south between Shaanxi and Shanxi. The East Yellow River, which is no longer visible now, refers to the ancient river at the end of the Yellow River that flows northeast. In ancient times, Yanzhou was located between Donghe and Jishui.

Someone asked, since the area between the two rivers is called Jizhou, then Jizhou in ancient times included Shanxi and Hebei. This is literally understood. However, during the Emperor Yao's period, the Hongshui and the sea flooded together and did not recede for a long time. The Hebei Plain was immersed in the sea. Nomadic groups were active in the northern region. Therefore, during the Yao, Shun, and Yu periods, Jizhou shrank to only southern Shanxi. Together, the center of Yao, Shun and Yu was concentrated in southern Shanxi.

Today I saw the article "Why is Shanxi called Biaoliheshan" published by Three Eyes Media again. I felt it was necessary to clarify this "Hebei" issue, so I wrote this article impromptu.

1. Comparative analysis and conclusion of several pictures of Bing Ce Confucian Sword: Like is not equal to the same

The above pictures are from "Abydos: Archaeological Texts Confirm the Capital City of Yao, Shun, and Yu" One article. On the left is ancient Egyptian inscriptions, and on the right is ancient Chinese oracle bone inscriptions or bronze inscriptions. Bingce Rujian believes that the Chinese oracle bone inscriptions or bronze inscriptions "Ji", "Yang", "Zhai" and "Mi" on the right are all ancient Egyptian inscriptions on the left. As for why? The theory of military strategy, Confucianism and swordsmanship is "similarity". But I read his article and I don’t know where the “similarity” lies.

Based on the "similarity" theory of Bing Ce Confucian Sword, he set the scope of activities of the Five Emperors in the area shown below. In other words, the "Jizhou" in ancient China was the "Eighth State" in ancient Egypt. .

?There are four questions here: First, since all the ancient Egyptian scripts have been deciphered, why don’t Western philologists decipher the ancient Chinese “oracle bone inscriptions”? There are still more than 2,500 characters in the oracle bone inscriptions that are not recognized. Secondly, the components of ancient Egyptian text are thumbnails of regular geometric objects. It is difficult to understand the meaning of each object when they are separated. It is even more difficult to understand how it is related to Chinese oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions. Third, was ancient Egyptian written by humans? I don't think so. It should be made using special drawing tools. The lines and patterns are too regular. Ancient Egyptian writings can also prove that 5,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians mastered precise geometry and mechanical drawing technology, which was so advanced. Fourth, before the emergence of oracle bone inscriptions in ancient China, there were also "bone inscriptions", "pottery inscriptions", "rock paintings" and numerous deed-engraved symbols. Before the emergence of ancient Egyptian writing, were there many discoveries before Chinese oracle bone inscriptions? If not, wouldn’t ancient Egyptian writing be like a tree without roots and water without a source?

Compare the words:

For example, the word "冀", the Chinese bronze inscription "冀", has "北" on the top, "田" in the middle, and "大" in human shape below. ", the explanation is that Ji is a phonetic sound. From the north, from "different" (yì), "different" also sounds. "North" refers to "North" and "North of the Central Plains". "Different" means "unowned fields". "North" and "different" combine to mean "the fields jointly owned and operated by farmers and herdsmen in the north of the Central Plains." The ancient Egyptian text is a cross, a hat is hung on the rack, and two fans are inserted into the hat. They are stacked together. What does it mean? Anyway, I can't think of the meaning of "Beijing Tian".

For example, the character "Zhai" in oracle bone inscriptions is composed of "Jia" and "Yu", that is, from feather to quail.

"Zhai" refers to a long-tailed pheasant (long-tailed pheasant), and the pheasant feathers used in ancient music and dance are also called "Zhai". But in ancient Egyptian, what does a hook, a brush, a curved rope, and several wavy lines stacked together mean? Anyway, I can't imagine the concept of "long-tailed pheasant" at all, nor does it have the feeling of using pheasant feathers to dance in ancient times.

For example, the word "Yang" in Chinese oracle bone inscriptions "Yang" means "from Fu (Fu) from Fu", Fu means high ground, and Fu means the sun shines down, which means the high ground where the sun shines. There is a theory in China that "water to the north and mountains to the south" is "yang". In ancient Egyptian text, there is an upright mountain-shaped object, a circle with a cross, and a drill under the circle. What do they mean when they are stacked together? Anyway, I can’t find the meaning of “sunshine”.

For example, "mi", the Chinese bronze inscription "mi" is a phonetic character, Congshan, Congmi. "Mi" and "山" are combined to mean "hidden place in the mountains". Its original meaning is: a hidden place in the mountains, a gap between mountains and hills, a small space, a small open space. The extended meaning is: covered by mountains and hills. Further extended meaning: cover, Zhou Yan. In ancient Egyptian literature, a string of jewelry was hung under a door or window. Under the door was a regular semicircle, which did not mean "hidden" at all.

Are ancient Egyptian and ancient Chinese similar? It may be similar, but the meaning is different. Let me ask, are Xixia characters similar to Chinese characters? Everyone will answer "It's very similar", but they don't know a single Xixia character. It seems that like does not mean the same.

Regarding the ordering of the nine states, there was no fixed ordering in ancient China, so Jizhou is not necessarily the eighth state. "Historical Records. Xia Benji" states that Yu's journey began in Jizhou. , so when Dayu controlled floods during the Yao period, he first controlled Jizhou, and Jizhou ranked first. According to the records of "Shang Shu Yu Gong", the order of Jiuzhou is: Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou. The first state is Jizhou.

2. "Jizhou" is the state of hope of Emperor Yao

Check Baidu Encyclopedia for "Ji". The original meaning of Ji is: (in ancient times) northern China composed of (Xia) farmers and Land owned jointly by (minority) herdsmen. Fields for mixed agricultural and pastoral production. Specifically refers to: state name. Jizhou, one of the ancient nine states.

I still disagree with the above explanation, because the above explanation is a literal explanation and does not go into the fundamentals. "Ji" also has another meaning, which is "hope". Jizhou is the state of hope. In a certain period of ancient times, Jizhou played a vital role for the ancient Chinese people, because the hope of China was in Jizhou. Without Jizhou, in ancient times, Jizhou played a vital role. At a certain period, China became extinct due to insurmountable disasters. This critical period was the period of Emperor Yao.

During Emperor Yao's time, the weather was hot and there was little rain, but Hongshui and Haizhen broke out. I always use the word "Hong" for the floods during Emperor Yao's period, because the floods during Emperor Yao's period did not recede for a long time. "Historical Records. Xia Benji" records: During the reign of Emperor Yao, the flood waters surged into the sky, and the mountains and mausoleums were so vast that the people were worried. After Gun failed to control the flood for 9 years, the regent Yu Shun killed Gun on Yushan Mountain. Dayu then continued to control the flood. Yu injured his ancestor, Gun, and was punished for his failed efforts. He was too busy and anxious. He stayed away for thirteen years and could not visit the house. Dare to enter. , that is to say, Dayu controlled floods for 13 years. During the reign of Emperor Yao, the strange phenomenon of the sky not raining and the Hongshui and the sea continuing to flood lasted for 22 years.

In the ancient era when theocracy played an important role, such a strange appearance would be regarded as a "sentence from heaven", and Emperor Yao would be held accountable and abdicated. Emperor Yao's brother, Emperor Zhi, was not good for nine years. He failed to govern China well for nine years, so he was forced to abdicate in favor of someone more worthy. Therefore, Jizhou was the "State of Hope" of Emperor Yao's regime.

3. China during the Yao, Shun and Yu Periods was "Jizhou", and the scope of Jizhou shrunk to "Southern Shanxi"

? In "China during the Yao, Shun and Yu Periods, the Capital of Dayu and the Xia Dynasty" In the article "Changes of the Capital City", I quoted the records in "The Ancient Bamboo Chronicles" and made the following discussion: "The Ancient Bamboo Chronicles" said that when the Yellow Emperor came to the throne, it was "the first year when the emperor ascended the throne and there was a bear.", said Zhuanxu. When he ascended the throne, it was said that "in the first year of the reign of Emperor Ku, the emperor ascended the throne and lived in Pu.", when Emperor Ku ascended the throne, it was said that when Emperor Yao and Tao Tang came to the throne, it was "in the first year of Bingzi, the emperor ascended the throne. , lived in Ji." It is said that when Emperor Shun came to the throne, the emperor came to the throne in Jiwei, and when Dayu came to the throne, it was also "in the first year of Renzi, the emperor came to the throne, and lived in Ji." It is obvious that both Yao, Shun and Yu "dwelled in Ji", which shows that during the Yao, Shun and Yu periods, the emperor's residence was fixed in "Ji". What does "juji" mean? "Ju" means "the emperor's residence", and "Ji" means the scope of the emperor's residence, which is ancient Jizhou. The residence of the emperor is the emperor's country, and the emperor's country is "China". Some people interpret "Ji" as "the most owned land in the north", which actually makes sense. The land of the Son of Heaven is the center of the world and the most owned place among all the Chinese countries.

The above discussion actually reflects the fact that the Great Hongshui and the sea engulfed the Hebei Plain, the eastern part of the Henan Plain, the Huanghuai Plain, the Jianghuai Plain, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Emperor Yao's Kyushu actually shrank. To the extreme. As far as Jizhou is concerned, the Hebei part has almost disappeared into the sea. Nomadic groups live in northern Shanxi. The Huaxia people who were disabled by the Hongshui were unable to compete with the nomadic groups in the north for living space. Therefore, in ancient times, Jizhou shrank to only southern Shanxi. Oops. The center of Emperor Yao's rule was transferred to the southern Shanxi region. What is "China"? The "land of the emperor" is "China", and China is the direct jurisdiction of the emperor.

Therefore, during the period of Yao, Shun and Yu, the three emperors, namely the emperor, all "reside in Ji". This "living in Ji" also shows that during the Yao, Shun and Yu periods, Jizhou was China.

Regarding Jizhou, we can see that the scope of Jizhou changes from different explanations:

1. Jizhou is also a northern state. A different sound from the north. —— "Shuowen"

This explanation means that all north of the Yellow River is Jizhou. Shanxi, Hebei, and the western part of Liaohe River all belong to Jizhou.

2. The place between the two rivers is called Jizhou. —— "Erya Shidi"

This explanation means that between the East Yellow River and the West Yellow River is Jizhou, including the current Hebei.

3. Hanoi is called Jizhou. ——"Zhou Li·Zhi Fangshi"

Here "nei" means "the turning point of the Yellow River", and this turning point is southern Shanxi. In southern Shanxi, the West River of the Yellow River flows southward and turns eastward at the southwest corner of southern Shanxi, forming "Hanoi".

4. But Tao and Tang had this hope. ——"Shang Shu·Xia Shu. Song of the Five Sons". Kong Chuan: "Emperor Yao of the Tao Tang Dynasty had his capital in Jizhou and ruled the world."

The scope of this explanation cannot be clearly seen, but it can prove that Emperor Yao's capital was Jizhou.

5. "Historical Records. Notes on Three Families" records: Jizhou Collection Explanation: Kong Anguo said: "It was the capital of Yao. The first tribute, taxes and services were recorded in the book." Zheng Xuan said: "The area between the two rivers is called Jizhou. "Justice: According to law, water and tribute begin from the imperial capital. The Yellow River flows from the east of Shengzhou to Huayin in the south, that is, to the south of Huaizhou in the east, and then to the Jieshi Mountain in Pingzhou in the northeast where it flows into the sea. To the west of the East River, to the east of the West River, and to the north of the Nan River are Jizhou.

This is a synthesis of previous explanations. Jizhou was the capital of Emperor Yao. Water management and tribute began from the imperial capital, and Jidu was the first state.

Huangdi, Zhuanxu, and Emperor Ku established their capitals in central and eastern Henan. By the time of Yao, Shun and Yu, they all "dwelled in Hebei". It shows that the capital of the Yellow Emperor Dynasty also changed, showing a trend of moving from east to west. This trend is of course related to floods. Regarding the capital of the Yellow Emperor, "Historical Records. The Chronicles of the Five Emperors" also said that the Yellow Emperor's city was in Zhuolu. Zhengyi's explanation: Guangping said A. Zhuolu, the name of the mountain, has been seen above. The ancient city of Zhuolu is located at the foot of the mountain, that is, the capital of the Yellow Emperor is located on the ground below the mountain. This refers to Xuanyuan Huangdi. There are bears. Huangdi "lives with bears." "Ancient Bamboo Chronicles" and "Historical Records" should not conflict.

4. The original meaning of "Ji" is "two mountains and one river", which means "mountains and rivers outside and inside"

Mountains and rivers outside and inside, meaning inside and outside . There are mountains outside and rivers inside. Refers to the mountains and rivers as a barrier. "Mountains and rivers outside and inside" comes from "Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-Eighth Year of Duke Xi": "Zi Fu said: War is a war. If you are successful in war, you will win the princes. If you are not quick, the mountains and rivers outside and inside will be harmless." During the Spring and Autumn Period, in the twenty-eighth year of Duke Xi of the State of Lu, the State of Jin and the State of Chu launched the famous Battle of Chengpu. The Chu army was stationed behind Xi. Duke Wen of Jin was already worried that the Chu army would attack Jin. He became even more worried after hearing the nursery rhyme "Every time in Harada, abandon the old and make new plans." Zi Fu came to admonish and said: "War! If you fight successfully, you will win the princes; if you are not quick, the mountains and rivers inside and outside will be harmless." The Marquis of Jin decided to attack according to the terrain, and finally won the war, which is still passed down. There is a good story about "getting away".

The Jin State during the Jin Wengong period was located in southern Shanxi and had not yet completed its expansion. The term "mountains and rivers inside and outside" is an image expression of the geography of southern Shanxi.

Southern Shanxi is located at the end of Luliang Mountain and Taiyue Mountain. The two mountains are sandwiched between each other, and the middle and lower part is the plain (Linfen Yuncheng Basin). To put it figuratively, it is "two mountains sandwiching a river". Of course "clip" can also be "***". Therefore, it can also be said to be "two mountains and one river".

"Two mountains and one river", isn't it "Ji"? This is the original meaning of "Ji".

Why does "Ji" mean "hope"? Looking at the picture above, the relationship between Linfen Yuncheng Basin and the mountains on both sides becomes clear. Of course, you also need to know some "Kanyu" knowledge, that is, Feng Shui knowledge. The two mountains are like the two buttocks of a woman, and the Linfen Yuncheng Basin is like the perineum of a woman. This is the blessed land of Zhiyin, the land of birth. This is a kind of beautiful hope. If you get here, you will live, be blessed, and prosper.

When interpreting "Ji", you must understand that "North" is not "North of the North", and "North" means "back". Therefore, the "North" above "Ji" cannot be interpreted as "North", but must be interpreted as "Back". The oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions of "North" are like two people with their backs to each other, which is the first inscription of "back". It means "two people are against each other". The so-called "follow each other, compare with each other, go against each other and north, and transform with each other." That's it. In terms of the geographical concept of "Ji", it can be interpreted as "two mountains facing away from each other".

5. The reason why Shanxi is not called "Ji" but "Jin" is because of the "Jin State"

In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Shu Yu was granted the title of Tang Dynasty. Tang Dynasty is located in the southwestern part of present-day Shanxi. Shu Yu was "ordered to be sealed in Xia Xu with the imperial edict of Tang Dynasty, to be entrusted with Xia Zheng, and to be entrusted with Rong Suo on the territory." The so-called "starting with Xia Zheng, and using Rongsuo as the border" means to use the Xia calendar in the Tang Dynasty and use Rongdi's rope as the yardstick for field measurement. From this record, it can be seen that in the early Zhou Dynasty, the southern area of ??Shanxi was a place where Xia Rong lived together. Of course, this does not mean that southern Shanxi is not Xia Di. The center of Yao, Shun and Yu's rule was in southern Shanxi, and the residents here at that time were Chinese people. Xia Qi ascended the throne also in southern Shanxi. In the late Xia Dynasty, the ruling center of the Xia Dynasty gradually moved to the Heluo area.

The ruling center of the Shang Dynasty was also in Henan. By the Zhou Dynasty, Guanzhong and Heluo were the centers. Historically, it has been common for ethnic groups to advance and retreat in their living areas.

Tang Shuyu, the first king of Jin, was the son of King Wu of Zhou Jifa and the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou Jisong. The name of the Jin Kingdom was Tang at first, and was changed to Jin after Tang Shuyu's son Xie came to the throne. From then on, the name "Jin" replaced "Ji", and Shanxi was not called "Ji" but "Jin". The title "Ji" was moved to Hebei, so Hebei was called "Ji".

Huang Yinbing Wednesday, October 3, 2018