What kind of flower is this? All I know is that flowers are purple, open in summer, and leaves are like fans and green. How to grow them? Can I put it indoors?

Chinese name iris (French national flower) yuān wěi huā

Iris tectorum

This species belongs to monocotyledonous family.

Liliales

Iridaceae

Mode = * P (3+3) A3G (3: 3)

Iris grows in Japan, central China, Siberia, French and almost all temperate regions.

The color of iris is mostly blue and purple.

The name comes from iris, and the Chinese name comes from its petals like the tail of a kite. It is also said that the name of this plant comes from the angel of God and the rainbow that connects the earth with other worlds.

morphological character

Iris is a kind of Iris, which is a general name of a family of herbaceous flowering plants. This flower consists of 6 petal-shaped leaves, 3 or 6 stamens and an ovary wrapped by pedicels.

Flowers are shaped like dancing butterflies. In May, when Iris was in bloom, blue butterflies could be seen flying among the green leaves, as if to spread the news of spring to the distance.

3. 1 planting place

Iris can be planted not only in glass greenhouse or plastic film greenhouse, but also in the open field. It is feasible to plant outdoors with temporary mulch or mobile houses, especially in spring and autumn.

Choose the most suitable place for planting. The first factors to be considered are: suitable planting stage, ideal planting climate and greenhouse type.

For example, if the temperature around the production stage is lower than 5℃, the seed balls must be planted in the greenhouse. This is because iris is more vulnerable to freezing injury, thus stopping the growth of plants. At other times of the year, when the temperature is not higher than 25℃, it can be planted in the greenhouse. When the ambient temperature is not lower than 5℃ and the soil temperature is not higher than 20℃, it can be planted outdoors. The advantage of greenhouse planting is that when the external conditions are not suitable, we can try our best to maintain a relatively balanced temperature and relative humidity during the day and night by means of ventilation and shading. The quality of crops can be improved by heating equipment. In temperate regions, the quality of products grown outdoors in summer is better than that grown in poorly ventilated greenhouses.

3.2 Soil

For the production of cut iris flowers, it can be carried out in almost any type of soil, as long as the drainage is good, the water retention is strong, and it does not harden (otherwise it will limit the growth of plants). Good soil structure is the basic condition, because it is very necessary to plant a large number of iris with short growth period.

In heavy loam, it is suggested to add peat, vermiculite or coarse sand to mix with the soil about 25 cm deep to improve the soil.

Soil that is easy to harden can be covered with a layer of materials after planting, such as rice husk, straw, pine needles, black peat, etc., to prevent soil hardening. The second method can also be used to prevent the soil from drying quickly.

3.3 Drainage system

A well-functioning drainage system should be provided in order to quickly remove excess water. This also makes it possible to leach greenhouse soil with water. This treatment can prevent salt accumulation caused by less water when planting fertilizer-loving crops or at a certain planting stage.

3.4 Salt sensitivity

Iris is a salt-sensitive plant. In the soil with high salt content, the root system grows slowly or even is damaged, which limits the absorption of water by plants and leads to dehydration of flowers.

In order to reduce the excessive salt concentration, the soil must be thoroughly washed before planting (using 200-400 mm water per square meter of soil surface).

Planting chrysanthemums, roses, carnations, tomatoes and other crops, applying more fertilizer or watering less at a certain stage, will cause the soil salt content to be too high. The high salt content in the soil may also be caused by planting late-harvested cymbidium and other crops. Therefore, it is suggested that synthetic fertilizers should not be used in large quantities before or just after planting. Therefore, soil sampling survey should be conducted at least 6 weeks before planting in order to obtain the values of various salt contents in the soil.

The following elements in soil samples shall not exceed the recommended level:

Total salt (conductivity) 1.0- 1.5 mmol in soil at 25℃.

Chlorine salt (edible salt)1.5-2.0meq.

0.8- 1.5 milliequivalent potassium salt

Nitrogen salt 1.0-2.0 meq

Magnesium salt 2.0 milliequivalent

Phosphorus salt does not exceed 5.0 mg per liter.

The electrolytic conductivity level of irrigation water shall not exceed 0.5 millisiemens/cm. The concentration of chlorine salt used in greenhouse shall not exceed 50 mg/L; The concentration of chlorine salt used in the open field should not exceed 450 mg/L. If the irrigation water can't meet the standard, iris production can't be carried out.

However, due to various conditions, the salt concentration in irrigation water exceeds the standard, so it is necessary to keep the soil moist as much as possible, so as to prevent the salt concentration from rising due to soil drying.

3.5 fertilization

Generally speaking, basal fertilizer should not be applied before planting, because it will increase the salt concentration in the soil and delay the root growth of iris. Sample the soil before planting to ensure that the soil contains correct nutrients. Sampling must be done after soil treatment and leaching. In this way, the shortage of nutrients can be obtained by directly supplementing fertilizer to the soil in the future. Iris is sensitive to fluorine, so fluorine-containing fertilizer (phosphate fertilizer) and phosphorus fertilizer are prohibited. On the contrary, if diphosphate fertilizer should be used.

3.6 Weed control

The growth process of iris takes only 8- 12 weeks. In such a short growth time, if the soil is excessively steamed, flooded, cultivated, etc. There is no need to consider weeding in the process of plant growth. Chemical herbicides are mainly used to remove weeds after planting. However, care should be taken not to harm plants when applying.

If weeds begin to grow in the ground after planting, herbicides can only be used when the bulbs are buried deep enough. The new buds of bulbs will not be harmed by herbicides at least 2 cm below the soil.

Before plants spread their leaves, we can control the growth of grass in greenhouse or open space by spraying suitable herbicides. If common herbicides can't effectively control some annual forage weeds, compound herbicides should be used instead. When it is applied, it is sprayed on the plants when it is getting dark, and then sprayed with enough water. Rinse the top of the plant thoroughly the next morning. Due to the residue of herbicide, we must pay attention to the following points. The use of herbicides in each plot should be limited to one year, preferably no more than two times; Use herbicides only when absolutely necessary; Don't plant varieties sensitive to herbicides. 5. Growth Habits and Cultivation Management 5. 1 Growth Temperature in Greenhouse

After planting, soil temperature is the most important factor, with the lowest temperature of 5-8℃ and the highest temperature of 20℃. Soil temperature directly affects the emergence rate. Too low soil temperature will reduce flowering ability, so the optimum soil temperature is controlled between 16- 18℃.

The optimum temperature for iris production in greenhouse is 65438 05℃. In order to shorten the growth period, newly harvested bulbs can be used when planting, and the greenhouse temperature should be kept at 65438 08℃ for the first 4-3 weeks. This temperature can be maintained to 65438+ 10 month 1, but it will cause plant weakness. The temperature of 13℃ or lower will prolong the growth period and increase the plant weight, but the probability of flower withering will increase. In order to promote flowering, such as "blue devil", it is wise to reduce the temperature if the high temperature in the greenhouse is maintained all the time.

When plants grow in autumn, especially in temperate regions, when the light is insufficient, it is necessary to reduce the greenhouse temperature to prevent flowers from wilting. The general temperature is controlled at 10- 13℃. Take "Blue Devil" as an example, the temperature is reduced to 10-8-5℃ to ensure the growth of plants as much as possible. If there are too many leaves at each stage, consider pruning some leaves.

The average temperature of production day and night can reach 20-23℃, and the lowest temperature is 5℃. In the greenhouse with high temperature and poor light, insufficient light is the main cause of flower withering.

In areas where freezing damage often occurs, production can only be carried out in greenhouses. The suitable growth temperature should be arranged at night. Therefore, unheated greenhouses should be closed as early as possible to make the temperature at night as appropriate as possible. Ventilation should be done early during the day to avoid the harm caused by the temperature rising above 18℃. Shading can also achieve the purpose of temperature control, but it is still necessary to maintain an appropriate light level.

5.2 Field growth temperature

The optimum temperature for growth in the open field is 15- 17℃, and the continuous high temperature during the day can be covered with sunshade net. It can not only reduce the direct radiation of the sun, but also increase the temperature.

The minimum and maximum temperatures for open-air cultivation are 5℃ and 25℃ respectively. For soil temperature, it should be kept the same as when growing in greenhouse.

5.3 humidity

The ideal relative humidity is between 75-80%. It is important to pay attention to avoid large changes in humidity or gradual changes in humidity. In warm, sunny, cloudy or humid weather, the relative humidity is usually high. Corresponding measures must be taken to reduce humidity through heating and ventilation.

5.4 ventilation

Ventilation is a very important means to control temperature and reduce humidity. During ventilation, we should pay attention to the fact that the humidity can't drop too fast, otherwise the leaves will wither and the quality of cut flowers will decline.

5.5 shadows

Shading equipment can control the temperature, humidity and light in the greenhouse. In the month with strong sunlight, the temperature in ventilated greenhouses and open fields is too high (higher than 25℃). In this case, shading and ventilation can inhibit the decline of cut flower quality. See Chapter 2 (Shading Equipment).

5.6 carbon dioxide

Unlike lily, carbon dioxide has no effect on the flowering and growth of iris.

5.7 water

As mentioned above, the soil must be watered before planting and kept moist during planting to promote rapid rooting.

After planting bulbs, the soil should also be kept moist. After that, the soil must be fully wetted for a long time during the whole growing period. Proper humidity is very important for the growth of iris, because insufficient humidity will show that the growth height of plants is not enough and flowers are easy to wither.

Irrigation amount is related to weather, greenhouse climate, soil type, crop growth cycle, growth stage and many other factors, so it can not be accurately calculated. One of the easiest ways to determine whether the soil moisture is appropriate is to take a small amount of soil and hold it in your hand. After loosening the soil, the clods will remain intact, and then the humidity is moderate.

The air is not circulating, accompanied by cloudy or humid or warm and humid weather. If there is more water, the disease will be serious. This time is particularly easy to cause bacterial and fungal diseases.

Similarly, watering in the morning is better. Watering in the morning will make the plants dry differently, and watering can only be done after picking flowers at harvest, otherwise the flowers will have gray mildew spots.

It is best to use top spray with uniform water output during irrigation.

5.8 culture cycle

The growth cycle of iris depends on the variety, bulb treatment, origin (greenhouse or open field) and growth temperature. Therefore, it is difficult for different varieties to determine the accurate cultivation cycle. In the heated greenhouse, the culture cycle sequence of different iris strains after temperature adjustment is as follows:

Ideal class: 50-60 days

Professor Blau's class: 60-80 days.

Blue magic class:

Tingitana class: 70-90 days.

Small ball games: 65-85 days

Other categories: 55-75 days

See Table 3 in Chapter 8 for the groups to which different varieties belong.

Unheated greenhouses and open cultivation depend on the local temperature, so they are unpredictable.

5.9 Plant detection

Regular inspections include testing soil and other growing conditions. Precautions are as follows:

Soil: soil temperature, dry humidity, conductivity, soil structure, weed growth,

Plants: growth status, leaf length, leaf color, aphids, gray mold, rot according to light.

Mould and bacteria rot;

Planting location: climate, support.