Ancient poems about law

China's traditional law is characterized by "no distinction between civil law and criminal law, and all laws are integrated". In a sense, most ancient laws in China were criminal laws, so the encounter between poets and laws was often a tragedy. Han Feizi, a representative figure of Legalism at the end of the Warring States Period, once wrote in "Wu Zhu" that "Confucianism violates the law by writing, while chivalrous people use force to prohibit it." The first five words are really appropriate to describe the literati class in ancient China. In addition to loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, Confucian scholars also have their own beliefs and ambitions about "nourishing qi and governing peace". Once this value orientation goes against the autocratic monarchy, Confucian scholars are often unwilling to give in to power, so the "war of poetry and law" broke out.

First, the battle of poetry? Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties often expose and attack official corruption.

(1) Bai Juyi's Song and Dance

In the mid-Qin Dynasty, Huangzhou was covered with clouds and snow. Zhu Xi is a public servant who quits the DPRK in the snow. You are rich, you are rich, and you are not hungry or cold. The camp is only the first one, and the business is to chase after the tour. Zhu Lun chariots and horses, Red Candle Song and Dance Building. Happy and intimate, intoxicated and warm, take off the thick fur. Qiu Guan is the main character, with Ding Wei at the top. Japan and China are a pleasure, so we can't rest in the middle of the night. I didn't know there were death row inmates who froze to death in the township prison!

The last two sentences have the same effect as Du Fu's "Drunk at Zhumen, frozen bones on the road", but Du Fu's poems are about the gap between the rich and the poor, while Bai's poems "Qiu Guan" and "Tingwei" are aimed at judicial officials. Qiu Guan was originally the official name of Zhou Li, and later it was used to refer to officials of the Ministry of Punishment. Ting Wei is an official in charge of criminal prison trials. He was the highest official in charge of justice from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Northern Qi Dynasty. The corresponding official positions in the Tang Dynasty were Dali Temple Qing and Shao Qing.

(2) Cao Ye, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, was ordered to decide a case in qi zhou and send it to his ministers.

The more birds live in uncertainty, the more lonely they fly into the seven lanes. It's raining at dusk, and it hurts at the same time.

People in the state are more eloquent than locusts. Ordered to enforce the law, hastily packed.

Servants are scattered, and bicycles are long. Looking around strangers, Mercedes-Benz will be abandoned.

The long lock under the heavy door makes the shadows of trees empty over the wall. Drive prisoners around the corridor house like cattle and sheep.

The jailers talked to each other, and the bed was full of books. Knock on the shackles all day long.

Give up the Sanshan couple and leave five buckets of food. Endure to learn from empty city birds and sneak into official positions.

The son of heaven in the central part of the country ordered white sunshine to be sprinkled on his head. Curved wood has many uses, so it is better to be straight as a beam.

I am afraid of eating the land alone, and I am not satisfied day and night. It's hot in midsummer, and the temples suddenly frost.

You can't irrigate the community mice, but it's hard to prevent the city foxes. Even in practical jokes, I can see if I am hiding.

Cut off the traitor's tongue and cut open the intestines of the unjust. Looking west in the Ming dynasty, I went back to Wenyang.

Among them, there is a clear insight into the evil deeds of grassroots justice: the people of the country are more ruthless than locusts. Ordered to enforce the law, hastily packed. The jailers talked to each other, and the bed was full of books. Knock on the shackles all day long.

(3) Su Shi's "Send Liu Xiaoshu" includes: "Jiabao did not visit the village group, and Tian Fang's lawsuit was like rain";

Your majesty intends to punish arrogance, and he broke the bronze mountain and cast a bronze tiger.

Thirty-seven generals came to their respective offices.

The South Mountain cuts firewood as the axis, and the East China Sea takes catfish drums.

Anyone who dares to run around sweating like a pig will be afraid of the army axe.

Garbo didn't even visit the villagers' group, but there were numerous lawsuits in Tianfang.

I want to write a new book by myself, and I want to pick out the roots and veins.

The imperial edict is profound, and the work of officials can be shallow.

All one's life, learning from time to time, stop at vulgarity, the ratio of several people.

Suddenly, the soloist Feng Jiangchu was eager to play this piece.

After years of suffering and famine, I stripped the grass and chewed the soil.

Rain and snow are quite timely this year. It is reported that locusts have wings.

Worry about washing the lamp and getting drunk, lonely and empty.

The chef doesn't smoke for ten days, preferring to dance in a red skirt.

The old friend sent letters to the mountains many times, but only Danggui had nothing to say.

Fang stole the mouse in Taicang, but refused to use his clothes to woo him.

Xing Wu's father-in-law really got the word, and he made up for it on the working day.

Since the crown covers all sides, it belongs to the owner of Erzhe Lake.

Gao Ji has been fishing by himself and has never given up the hairpin group.

Last year, I was not enough. I asked if I was allowed to talk.

If you die, you will abandon your official position. The common destiny is not complete.

The mansion is only on the Ruoxi River, where white clouds are like white clouds.

It is necessary to pity the emperor in a dilemma and to teach his ancestors peace of mind.

(4) Feng Shixing's "Yin Fu Ke Sheng Zi Yi traveled to Guo Zi with Baolian" has the following words: "The vulgar competition is over, and the frost leaves fall on the lawsuit paper."

Haijun is a city, and heaven and earth are countries. Stumbling hinders height and thickness, but the situation is self-contained. At the end of the vulgar competition, the lawsuit paper frost leaves fall. Make a giant broom and sweep away the outline. I got nothing, I was above the dust. Mirrors grind dirt in the sky, and eyes scrape film in the sun. Wild water shines on the staff, and mountain smoke recommends flying. Friends gesture, happy. The world is cold, and the autumn wind is ancient in Lan Ruo. Green grass grazes, perilla turns off the key. The morning bell is hidden in the town, and the fragrance is scattered. Bamboo is dense and secluded, and trees leap forward. Stick to the wall to seal the insects, and the eaves are bright. The futon leaned against it, and the bowl of tea was soon cooked. Sex is fragrant and cold, and physical abuse. Deep into the cave, the maze is sharp and thin. The heart is sweating, and the confidant is paying all over the mountains. After pitching for thirty years, the pain was teased. Poverty tastes better, but the boss is secular. Think of the chilly spring, don't be an occasional malaria. Out of the temple, into the bird. Then bend and stretch your fingers, and your chest will be so big. One official bears the burden, and five fights do it for him. Seeing mountains does not harm sincerity, but dust can be cut. Tired birds compete for trees, and short-term scenery turns to repair pavilions. First you are not tired, then you are good or evil. Call me tomorrow, and then cross the crane by the sidewalk.

(5) Lu You's "Bi Depeng's Old Books, Many Stories and Recent Poems and Dramas"

Litigation in court is like a wall, cases are overwhelming, the wine is sour and cold, and the bed is screaming. An old friend came to ask for a letter. I'm afraid officials are busy all year round. A cold turtle wants to hide something, but does a sick horse dare to turn back? The sundial receded a little, and the hills clustered in the east room of the bamboo hall. Hu 'er smells good in a copper furnace, and Chu Sao is unlucky for me.

Second, prison? It is not uncommon for a poet to go to prison for speaking out after becoming an official. Many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Luo, Li Bai and Wang Wei, have been imprisoned. The Song Dynasty was founded by writing, but it happened that the earliest literary inquisition in the history of China took place in this dynasty.

1, Luo's political prisoners listen to cicadas:?

Cicada sang in the western land and ordered me to make up my mind in my cell.

However, it needs those songs with black wings to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.

His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.

Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? .

This "political prisoner listens to cicadas" is an allusion from the beginning. The Journey to the West refers to autumn. There is a saying in Sui Shu's Tian Wen Zhi: "It is autumn to the west and winter to the north". In contrast, "Southern Crown" refers to prisoners, using the allusions of Chu prisoners. In A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada, the two irrelevant words, Xilu and Nanguan, are used so vividly that it can be seen that the prison has not trapped Robin's deep poetry.

2. Shen Quanqi was imprisoned for taking bribes, but his book "Prisoners lament that there are no swallows in prison" was written by another colleague in prison.

Why take Chun Yan to learn more about the summer terrace?

I wanted to do it at three o'clock, but Shuangying never came.

Eating pistils is too prickly, and holding mud is afraid of death.

Not as good as the words of yellowbird, you can guess the length.

The first sentence is "Why did you bring Chun Yan and know more about Xiatai?" "Step down" also refers to the prison, using the allusion of the high hall of the stepping down world, which is particularly bleak here.

3. Su Shi, Wutai Poetry Case

If Luo is famous for his poems in prison, Su Shi is famous for his "poetry case". Wutai Poetry Case happened in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi was jailed for writing poems that "mocked" the holy family, and he tasted the desolation and helplessness for the first time. When Su Shi was imprisoned, his son Mai Su went to deliver meals every day. He agreed to send only vegetables and meat at ordinary times. If there is bad news about the death penalty, he will send fish instead, so that he can make preparations early. One day, because Mai Su had no money, he went out to borrow money, so he entrusted a friend to deliver food. This friend didn't know the rules, so he gave Su Shi some carefully made side dishes and a fresh fish to nourish his body. When Su Shi saw the fish, he thought it was gone. He wrote two poems and gave them to his brother Su Zhe.

one

The Lord is like the sky, and everything is spring. I was stupid and died secretly.

Pay off your debts before the end of one hundred years. It's more tiring not to return after ten mouthfuls.

It is a green hill where bones can be hidden. He was alone on a rainy night.

Be brothers with you in this life. What's more, there is no cause in the afterlife.

two

White frost is sad at night. The wind keeps the moon low.

Dreams are like deer around Yunshan. Mixed lung decoction is the product of fire and milk in life.

The rhinoceros horn on the forehead is really a gentleman. The old lady is ashamed of the clothes behind her.

Where is the centenarian wandering? ? Tongxiang should be in the west of Zhejiang.

The first song was written for my younger brother Su Zhe: I was in my prime, but as a courtier, I foolishly killed myself. When people reach middle age, a family of more than a dozen people, old and young, will drag down their younger brothers. Castle peak can be buried everywhere, but the oath of meeting my brother on a rainy night can no longer be realized. Since then, Ziyou can only be sad alone on rainy nights. Brothers and sons are willing to be brothers from generation to generation and put the unfinished karma into the afterlife!

The second song is for his wife and children: the moonlight sinks, the frost makes Yushitai prison even more miserable, and the bells on the eaves jingle in the wind. In my dream, my yearning for freedom is still like a deer rushing to Yunshan, but in reality, I seem to be facing a chicken in boiling soup, and my life is at stake. In front of my eyes, I saw the children. They all have rich foreheads and extraordinary faces. They are all very good. For more than ten years, my wife has shared joys and sorrows with herself. It's a pity that she has no savings in this life, leaving her penniless. I love the people of Huzhou, Hangzhou, and hope to be buried in western Zhejiang after my death to compensate the people of Huzhou, Hangzhou for their kindness to me!

It is said that Emperor Zongshen was moved when he saw this poem. In Su Shi's pen, the power of affection is earth-shattering. My younger brother Su Zhe went to the emperor's table many times during his brother's imprisonment, trying to get rid of the crime of his brother's redemption from his official position. At that time, retired minister Zhang was heartbroken. He wrote a personal letter and sent his son Zhang Shu to Beijing for rescue overnight. Wu Chong, the prime minister of the dynasty, said to Emperor Zongshen: Cao Cao, a traitor, can tolerate Mi Fei. Why can't your majesty tolerate a poet Su Shi?

Wang Anshi, the former leader of the new party, has been on strike for three years. Although his political views are different from those of Su Shi, they are mutually exclusive. However, in "Fight to the Death", he tried to write to the emperor to plead for Su Shi, and shouted: "Is it safe for your majesty to kill talents?" Wang Anshi is worthy of the prime minister's magnanimity, and a gentleman can be called a gentleman. The gods were unmoved. Su Shi finally came out, and the great literary leader couldn't help writing: "I'm tired of writing all my life, and I've never lost my reputation."

Third, demote other countries?

In addition to imprisonment, a poet is an official, and it is inevitable that he will be relegated. The Tang and Song Dynasties were relatively tolerant of literati, and relegation was considered as the emperor's gentle "marching orders" to officials. Perhaps it's because they are used to it, poets are quite open to relegation, and they can temporarily forget the fame and fortune in front of them all the way, and then look at poetry and the distance, and their works may end heroically.

1, Liu Zongyuan's poem "Going to Liuzhou Tower to Send Zhang Tingfeng to Four States" is like a storm, and its meaning is very:

"On the tower where the town ends, the wilderness begins, and our desire reaches as far as the ocean or the sky. The hibiscus flowers beside the moat are swaying in the sudden wind, and the oblique rain is beating the vines on the wall. We can't see anything beyond 300 miles, except vague Woods and mountains, and there are nine rivers winding in our stomachs. * * * Come to Baiyue tattoo, don't even want a letter, let's keep in touch with home. "

Liu Zongyuan was relegated because he participated in the Yongzhen Reform Movement led by Wang. This poem was written during his relegation. This poem was also given by Liu Zongyuan to four friends who were relegated like Liu Zongyuan, including Liu Yuxi.

2. Han Yu was banished by Tang Xianzong for an article "Advising Buddha's Bone". He began to write:

"The letter is outside the cloud nine, and the setting sun is eight thousand Chaozhou Road. If you want to eliminate disasters for the holy dynasty, you are willing to decline and cherish the old! Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress. I know you should be interested in coming far away so that I can collect my bones by the river. "

In the Qing Dynasty, Li Guangdi praised: "The Buddha's bones reflect the ages, and this poem is innocent."

3. Su Shi was demoted three times in his life.

He was demoted to Huangzhou for the first time and wrote two cold food poems.

"Since I came to Huangzhou, I have eaten cold food three times. I want to cherish spring every year, and spring is not a pity. " The sentence is simple and unpretentious.

He was demoted to Huizhou for the second time. At this time, Su Shi was already in peace, and his mood was already different from that in prison. There is no anger in his poems, such as this one "Huizhou":

"In the spring of the four seasons under the Luofu Mountain, Lu Orange and Yangmei are new. 300 lychees a day, I don't want to grow up to be a Lingnan person. "

The third relegation, the destination is Danzhou, that is, to Hainan Island-this is the geographical acme of the Song Dynasty. At this time, Su Shi has realized this. This heart is bright, what can my husband say? His relegated poem "Crossing the Sea Night on June 20th" is also more optimistic and positive:

"Until the night, the bitter rain will clear up. Who decorated the clouds and the moon? Natural beauty and clarification of ocean colors. In his spare time, Chaucer took advantage of music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music. I don't hate the southern narrow escape, so I will travel wonderfully for the rest of my life. "

4. Wen Tianxiang wrote "Two Songs from Prison" before his execution, which was magnificent:

In previous years, Dange went to Huaiyang and survived to assist Song Emperor.

Heaven and earth can't prosper the country, and the country has no owner and loses loyalty.

When God returned to Song Yue, the wind and thunder changed, and the tobacco trees were gone.

Where is Wang Nan No.9 Hospital? The road is dark and dusty.

For seven years, he has been wearing felt and fur clothes, looking haggard, like a prisoner of Chu.

Jade Dragon Palace and Cliff Ridge Moon, standing bravely in Haimen Autumn.

Thousands of ancient heroes are lost, the country is ruined and the cause is closed.

There is only one spirit of loyalty, and the sky is long and melancholy.

The traitor Cai Jing also has a desperate word "Xijiang Moon".

"Eighty-one years ago, four thousand miles away homeless. Now wandering to the end of the world "is also sincere. In fact, Cai Jing was only banished to Lingnan and later died in Tanzhou. This song "Xijiang Moon" was written shortly before his death.