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Tour Guide Words of Shanhaiguan Old Dragon Head
The Great Wall of Wan Li, with the guide word 1 "Up and down for two thousand years, a hundred thousand miles", is like a dragon galloping across China. It flew all the way from the Gobi desert in the far west, crossed the desert of the river, and proudly put its head into the surging Bohai Sea, forming a trend of attracting the sea, stirring the sea and turning the waves, and playing a water bath. This is the starting point of the Great Wall in the east of Ming Dynasty, and it is also the only place where the famous Great Wall of Wan Li enters the sea-Laolongtou.
Laolongtou is located in the coastal highland south of Shanhaiguan, with mountains facing the sea and the Great Wall towering above the coast. Superior geographical location, coupled with well-built military defense projects, is magnificent and vast, and is known as "an eternal wonder in human history". Mr. Luo, the most authoritative Great Wall scholar in China, praised and evaluated the Shanhaiguan Great Wall with the "Natural Great Wall Museum", among which the old leading Great Wall played an important role. Here, the Great Wall of Shanhaiguan is composed of the Great Wall that goes into the sea, the Great Wall along the coast, the Great Wall on the plains, the Great Wall on the mountain in Jiao Shan, the Great Wall on Mishima and the Great Wall on the river at Jiumenkou, which is a clever stroke in the architectural history of the Great Wall in China and the essence of the Great Wall in Wan Li in Ming Dynasty.
The construction of the Laolongtou Great Wall began in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1). In order to resist the intrusion of the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, built the avant-garde sentry city of Shanhaiguan here by general Xu Da. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the defense focus of the Ming Dynasty shifted from Mongolia to Jurchen, and from land to sea. As the frontier of maritime defense, through the management of several important officials such as Qi Jiguang, Sun Chengzong and Governor Yang Sichang, the old dragon head has become a coastal defense fortress to defend the capital.
The old leaders experienced the Ming and Qing Dynasties and assumed different historical responsibilities in different historical periods. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was a strict land and water military fortress, and it was an excellent place to see the sea from Shunzhi to Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. From 1840 to 1945 when Japan surrendered, the old leader once again shouldered the heavy responsibility of resisting imperialist invasion. Because of its unique geographical location and military architecture, the old dragon head has an irreplaceable military role in any section of the Great Wall of Wan Li.
The Old Dragon Head Scenic Area, which is now open to the outside world, covers an area of 600 mu and consists of 28 landscapes including Ninghai City, Chenghailou, Haishicheng, Nanhai Kouguan, Longwuying and Haishen Temple. There is the only section of the Great Wall in Wan Li that enters the sea, the only enemy platform at sea, the first stack, the first pass and the first sea pavilion in the east of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, and the most complete coastal defense barracks in Ming Dynasty.
Walking slowly along the horse path at the foot to the city, a gorgeous picture scroll of the Great Wall unfolds slowly in front of us. Let's enjoy it one by one and taste it slowly.
Introduction to Shanhaiguan Old Dragon Head 2 Shanhaiguan Old Dragon Head is located in the coastal highlands 5 kilometers south of Shanhaiguan, forming its own peninsula and extending to the Bohai Sea. This Xiajiao highland, 25 meters above sea level, is surrounded by mountains and seas, and the Great Wall stands high above the coast.
The superior geographical location, coupled with the carefully constructed military defense project, constitutes the veritable naval military fortress of the old leader. Laolongtou is the eastern starting point of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, with high terrain. There is the "Stone Town Entering the Sea" built by Qi Jiguang, the chief soldier of Jizhen Town in the Ming Dynasty. It is like a dragon head diving into the sea to make waves, hence the name "Old Dragon Head". The old faucet consists of Shicheng, Jinglutai, Nanhai Kouguan and Chenghailou. Chenghai Tower stands on the top of the old dragon head and was built in the Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt during the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. Upstairs, there is a plaque inscribed by Sun Chengzong, a great scholar in Ming Dynasty, and Chenghai Building inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. The wall of the building is inlaid with several lying tablets inscribed by historical celebrities.
On the third floor of Chenghai Tarnum, there is a unique stone tablet engraved with four vigorous Chinese characters: "Open the sky and the sea and the moon". Boarding the old dragon's head, facing the rough and cloudy sea, you can enjoy the magnificent scene of "The Great Wall Wan Li passes the dragon's head, Gauguin goes upstairs, the wind blows the sun and clouds together, and the huge waves empty the snow and fly with anger", which leads to endless reverie.
Shanhaiguan Old Dragon Head is the starting point of the eastern end of the Ming Great Wall in China, and it is also the only Great Wall on water in the world. It is located on the Bohai Plateau, 5 kilometers south of Shanhaiguan. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was not only a fortress for garrisons, but also a place where emperors and generals and literati watched the sea and wrote poems.
Look, the tall Great Wall in front of us is Ninghai City. Ninghai City is 900 meters in the north of the old dragon head. Only the north gate and the west gate. Now we are entering the north gate of ninghai city. The main starting points of the old dragon head are Longwuying, Chenghailou, Tiankaihai Moon Monument, Lu Jing (later changed to Halogen) Platform, Haishicheng, Nanhai Kouguan and Haishen Temple. I will accompany you to visit in this order.
Please look at this ancient building on your right. This is Longwuying, the residence of soldiers guarding the city. What you see is a mill. There is a stone mill and a stone mill in it, which used to grind rice and flour. The older generation must feel kind, and many rural areas still use it now. Opposite is the porridge room, which looks like a big canteen. This cauldron was used for cooking by the soldiers stationed here in those days. 1.9 meters deep, which can supply porridge for 1500 soldiers at a time.
There are also stables, prison cells, granaries and so on. It clearly shows the camp pattern of that distant era. You must have noticed that the wooden bars in the camp cells are so widely spaced that you can almost go in and out at will, because the cells here are used to hold soldiers who violate military discipline, not prisoners. This well in the middle was the only sweet well in Fiona Fang at that time, and soldiers were sent to guard it all the year round to protect the box and ensure the daily drinking of the resident. The last thing I saw was called a cloud disk, which is the shape of a cloud, hence the name. Different orders are expressed by different tapping times, so as to standardize the work and rest life of soldiers.
In the courtyard of Longwuying, there is also the Military Array Museum of General Qi Jiguang, an important strategist in the Ming Dynasty, which contains miniature sculptures of military arrays with vivid images. Interested friends can take a closer look and see what is unique about these weapons that have made great achievements and rewritten history.
Now, what you see is Yuanmen. According to research, Yuanmen is a door built with axles. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, princes and monarchs visited for hunting, camped and stayed outside, and each entrance and exit held two cars, so that the axes of the vehicles were opposite like doors, so it was also called Yuanmen. The doors to be used in future generations are all called Yuanmen. The style of Yuanmen here belongs to the Ming Dynasty. Please look at the three words engraved on it: "Longwuying".
Look, the first one on the left is Jiang Tai. In the Ming Dynasty, the Jiang Tai tent here was made of pure cowhide, but now it is an imitation due to years of war damage.
From the second year of Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty (1568) to the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), General Qi Jiguang served as the general commander of Zhen Ji Town 16, defending the Great Wall 200 kilometers south of Shanhaiguan to Changping, Beijing. He often visited the old leader, camped here and trained. The open space around the platform was the teaching site of that year. There are many banners in front of the teaching field, which is a gossip maze and a more magical array.
Now, everyone can clearly see the most eye-catching landscape of the whole old dragon head scenic spot-Chenghai Building. It has the reputation of "The Great Wall of Wan Li connects the sea with the sky, and people fly hundreds of feet high".
In front of us is the ramp leading to the city. This wide ramp is called "Ma Dao", which is the passage for the military and horses guarding the city. Five Emperors of Qing Dynasty visited the old dragon head 1 1 times. At that time, this ramp was called "Imperial Road", with a red carpet in the middle of the road. The emperor walked slowly from the red carpet to Chengtou, where he was worshipped by ministers from both sides. Now, please personally experience the feeling of the soldiers and horses jumping off the customs and the emperor boarding the city!
Look, this tower is Chenghai Tower, built on the Great Wall of Laolongtou. Extending in all directions, it is magnificent without losing its wonderful beauty, which fully embodies the style of traditional architecture in China. Its predecessor was Wanghai Pavilion, which was built in the Ming Dynasty. It has a two-story structure and nine ridges leaning against the mountain. The plaque of "Jin Xiong Wan Li" on the roof was inscribed by Sun Chengzong, a university student and minister of the Ministry of War in the late Ming Dynasty. The plaque "Chenghai Building" in the middle of the building was written in the 45 th year of Zong Zaigan Long (1780), and officials were specially sent here from Beijing. It can be seen that the emperor Qianlong still has a special liking for the old faucet and never forgets it. No wonder Emperor Qianlong has been to Chenghai Tower the most.
Let's look at a sentence on a couplet, "the sun and the moon begin at the beginning", which means that the brilliance of the sun and the moon comes from nature; The next sentence, "The color of the sea is clear", means that the colors of the sky and the sea are very clear. The name of Chenghailou also comes from this. Let's climb Chenghai Building together and feel the heroic feeling of "Wan Li Great Wall goes over the tap and Gauguin goes upstairs"!
Climbing to the second floor is the highest point of the whole old faucet, above the dragon crown of Wanlong. Looking up from the second floor, the majestic Great Wall is closely connected with the boundless sea. The sky and the sea are the same, and the sea of clouds is boundless. Can't help but make people's brains wide open, and a sense of heroism stirs in their chests, which makes people feel "Wan Li".
Now, let's look at the back of the building. The cannon you saw was the cannon of the British camp after Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China. The British were stationed in Ninghai for 40 years, and it was not until the outbreak of World War II that they hastily withdrew, leaving this cannon behind. Now this cannon has become a symbol of imperialist aggression against China.
The pavilion we see now is called "Yubei Pavilion". Emperor Qianlong came here twice to drink and compose poems, and all his poems were engraved on this monument. Engraved here is Gan Long's "Re-titled Chenghai Building": "I have a spoonful of water and pour it into Dongcang. There is no present, no ancient, no eye and no profit. " Emperor Qianlong compared the vast Bohai Sea to a spoonful of water in his hand, and it became the sea with a little sprinkling, which fully reflected the pride and domineering of Emperor Qianlong!
When Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, this monument was completely destroyed by the invaders. In ancient times, the emperor was the supreme of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, sacred and inviolable, and his things were also enshrined by people, but Eight-Nation Alliance dismissed them and easily destroyed them. It can be seen that China's national strength was weak at that time, and "artificial knife, I am a fish" was at the mercy of others. "If you fall behind, you will be beaten", which is a humiliating history that China people firmly remember.
What you see is a "spoonful" stone tablet, from which Gan Long's poems we just saw come. Careful visitors can see that this monument is composed of two pieces. The upper part was salvaged when the old faucet was rebuilt, and the lower part was copied, consisting of two and a half pieces.
This is a monument to the "opening the sky and the sea and the moon". According to expert appraisal, it belongs to Tang stele. The words "open the sky and the sea and the moon" highly summarize the beauty of the old faucet. The sky, the sea and the mountains are interdependent, and nature has created such beautiful scenery. This monument also has a historical relationship with General Zhang Xueliang. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance destroyed the old faucet, and the Tiankai Haiyue monument was pushed to the ground, which was very sad, so he ordered it to be erected and let Tiankai Haiyue stand on the old faucet again. What stands here is not only a monument, but also the indomitable and tenacious spirit of the people of China.
What we see now is that these earthen walls covered with glass are real earthen walls of the Ming Dynasty, also called rammed earthen walls. Although it looks unremarkable, it is very strong. No sharp weapon can help. Whenever it rubs water repeatedly, the water drops as soon as it rubs the soil. So people say it is "afraid of softness and hardness".
We are now in Lujingtai, the only maritime enemy station of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. Please look at these three words "Lu Jingtai". "Halogen" refers to sea water, which is homophonic with "enemy Lu". So there are two meanings here: one is to pacify the sea, and the other is to pacify the enemy and ourselves, pun intended. The enemy station is mainly a defense project, which can station troops and store weapons. The hole we saw was called "Arrow Hole", so we could observe the enemy's situation and shoot outward. It can be called the bridgehead of the old leading coastal defense fortress.
Ladies and gentlemen, after crossing the land of Lujing Terrace, you will reach the front of the faucet. Here, you will reach into the sea for more than 23 meters. Walking into Haishicheng is like stepping on the nose of the Great Wall of Wan Li, and you will feel that with it, you will be proud of the Bohai Sea.
The entrance of Shicheng into the sea is the proximal part of the Old Dragon Head Great Wall extending into the sea. The whole city stands in the sea. The north is connected with the enemy station. Immersed in the waves in the south, it constitutes a magnificent sea castle. In order to resist the impact of seawater, the building structure of Shicheng entering the sea is unique, all of which are made of giant granite strips. The stones we saw were used to build the city.
We can see that there are several grooves in the corner of each boulder. These grooves are called "dovetail grooves". Molten iron is cast in a pot, and two huge stones are connected by a unique tenon-mortise structure. This can best reflect the superb architectural technology of the ancient working people.
Another sea attraction that can be seen in the old dragon head is the Temple of the Sea. It is surrounded by water on three sides, and pavilions are strewn at random. Whenever there is fog or mist, the temple of the sea is as looming as Yingzhou fairyland.
Shipping was opened in the Ming dynasty, and Shihekou was turned into a water transport terminal, and merchants' exchanges were very prosperous. In order to report the safety of the sea, local fishermen had to pin their hopes on Poseidon, so they built the Temple of the Sea.
Ladies and gentlemen, the huge arch we see now is made of white marble and glazed tile roofs and beautifully decorated. "An Lan" in front and "You Bo" in the back express people's desire for calm and safe navigation.
In front of the Temple of the Sea, these two monsters are "riding yellow" on the left and "dragon horse" on the right. It is recorded in ancient books that riding a yellow horse can live for two thousand years, and the dragon and horse have nine sounds, and the singing is very beautiful. It can be seen that both of them are stunts, guarding the temple of the sea, and adding a sense of sacredness to the sea god. The Sea Temple is located in the center of the whole temple. Above the temple gate, there is a "Jiangyan" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. In the temple, Poseidon sits and his gods respectfully obey. These statues are lifelike.
The courtyard now entered is the Tianhou Palace dedicated to the Tianhou Empress. Notre Dame is Mazu. According to legend, she lived in the Song Dynasty and was proficient in fish information and astronomy. She often helps fishermen who go out to sea and is deeply loved by fishermen. After her death, the local people built a small temple on Meizhou Island to commemorate her and called her Mazu. Later, Mazu became more and more famous and gradually became the sea protector of coastal residents. In Taiwan Province Province, the treasure island of the motherland, two-thirds of the people believe in Mazu, whose name is widely known in Hong Kong and Macao, which fully proves that the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are culturally connected, and they are all descendants of dragons and are connected by blood.
Ladies and gentlemen, now we come to the front of the Temple of the Sea-Guan Hai Pavilion, which is also built on the sea. Fighting at the Guan Hai Pavilion is completely different from fighting at the entrance of Stone Town into the sea. Without the condescending momentum, it's like drifting on the sea in a small boat. It feels very comfortable and has an indescribable wonderful feeling!
Introduction of Shanhaiguan Laolong 4 Chenghai Tower stands on the Great Wall, facing the Wan Li Cliff, its momentum is by no means comparable to that of the general Great Wall pavilions. The five emperors from Kangxi to Daoguang in Qing Dynasty often went to Shanhaiguan in autumn and winter to worship their ancestors. Customs clearance passes through Shanhaiguan *** 1 1 times, and boarding Chenghai Building is also 1 1 times. There are two reasons: one is to watch the sea, enjoy the scenery and recite poems, and the other is to seek good luck. The dragon is the traditional symbol of the emperor. This is the old dragon, no matter which "dragon" it is, it wants to raise its head here.
Every time the emperor came here, he watched the sea, ate and wrote poems with his attendants. On the long table on the second floor, Four Treasures of the Study is often placed. Chenghai architecture is very exquisite. Even in windy weather, it is rough outside, surrounded by sandstorms, and the doors and windows in the building are open, so the wind can't get into the building. The emperor didn't even use paperweights to write poems. This "Jinghai Pavilion" can be compared with the "Shelter Pavilion" in Pengcai Pavilion, Shandong Province.
According to incomplete statistics, there are 565,438+0 poems written by Qing emperors in various forms. Among them, there are seven forbidden poetry couplets, which were initiated by the emperor in the eighth year of Qianlong. When he went to Chenghai Tower, he agreed with ministers to write a pair of poems-forbidden couplets, with chanting the sea as the main content. It was forbidden to write the word "water" or words with three water roots, and offenders were fined three glasses of wine. It is also stipulated that the arrangement of 52 sentences should be strictly flat, and all couplets should use antithesis except the first two sentences. Later, Jiaqing and Daoguang followed suit one after another, chanting forbidden poems and couplets in Chenghailou, which became a much-told story. Chenghaita is famous for the frequent visits of the emperor. Dignitaries and literati rushed to visit the old dragon head, expressing their feelings on the spot, leaving many well-known poems, which were very popular.
Poetry tablet on the building wall >
The terrain of the old dragon head is steep, the sky is bright and the sea is beautiful, and the Chenghai Tower is even more condescending, swallowing waves and spitting waves. Throughout the ages, many literati have come here to improvise poems.
1987, when Chenghai Building was rebuilt, eight lying monuments were embedded in the walls on both sides of the building. There are four poems in Qing Dynasty, namely Chenghai Tower written by Emperor Kangxi in September of the eighth year of Kangxi, Chenghai Tower written by Yongzheng in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, Reconsidering Chenghai Tower written by 19 (1754) Gan Long and Chenghai Tower written by Daoguang. There are four poems in Ming Dynasty, written by Zhang Shixian, Zhu, scholar Cai Kexian and national hero Qi Jiguang. Let me introduce them to you separately:
Chenghailou
Author: Aisinggioro Michelle Ye
Thousands of feet dangerous building, the flood, the number of employees is slim.
Throw a hundred rivers to the leader, and the ladder travels to and from various countries.
The waves are rolling, the stars are shining, and the sun and the moon are competing for glory.
Where is Penghu, Yuen Long? I crave Hanwu to find God.
Aisingiorro? Michelle Ye (A.D. 1654- 1722) was the second generation emperor of the Qing Dynasty, with the year Kangxi. He succeeded to the throne at the age of eight. He was in office for 6 1 year. He is very talented in governing the country and has made great contributions to the unification and development of China's multi-ethnic country. This poem was written in September of the eighth year of Kangxi. At that time, Emperor Kangxi was just 18 years old, but he showed the feeling and boldness of vision of ruling the world. This poem is written with great momentum. The high Chenghai Tower overlooks the sea, and the sea of clouds is boundless in the distance. The sea contains countless rivers, and ships come and go at sea. The rolling waves make the world bigger, and the sky is illuminated by the light of the sun and the moon. Faced with such a spectacular scene, the poet can't help but ask, where does the fairy live? I won't learn the method of seeking immortals like Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, because this is a fairyland. Dengchenghai building
Author: Aisingiorro? Yin Zhen
Look at the sea upstairs, clear sky and cloudless Wan Li.
Unexpectedly, a gust of wind crossed the threshold and thousands of snow waves rose.
If Beique Aofeng can be connected, Jin Peng Shark Room will be far away.
Sophistication doesn't allow Zhang, so don't come here to talk big.
Yong Zhengdi, Yongzheng, reigned from 1722 to 1735. This poem was written in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, when he was 22-year-old Prince Yong. It was written on behalf of his father, Emperor Kangxi, who sacrificed his ancestors in the northeast and went to Chenghai Tower via Shanhaiguan. This poem describes the sudden change of wind and sunshine, and the turbulent wind shows the scene of Tian Tao. It is conceivable that the sea is so magical and spectacular in Yong Zhengdi's eyes.
Re-discussion on Chenghai Building Wall
Author: Aisingiorro Hongli
I have a spoonful of water and pour it into the east.
There is neither today nor ancient times, neither less nor more.
Snow is hard to be white, and autumn is poor.
A hundred rivers return to Runan, and learning to be excellent is an official.
However, I laughed at my ancestors' ignorance and whipped my stones to prosper.
Who can forget Ni Tian getting along with you?
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