Spatial and seasonal distribution of precipitation in central Asia,

The northern part of Central Asia is a continuation of the Siberian Plain, and the central part is a continuation of the Tianshan Mountains, which can be influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. At the same time, it is blocked by the Tianshan Mountains to form precipitation, just like Ili in China (also known as the south of the Great Wall, with high annual precipitation), so there is a lot of precipitation in northern Central Asia. In May, Central Asia was most affected by the summer monsoon.

Monsoon is a prevailing wind that changes direction with the seasons in a large range due to the thermal difference between land and sea or the movement of planetary wind belts with the seasons. Generally, summer monsoon blows from sea to land, and winter monsoon blows from land to sea. Due to the change of wind, the characteristics of weather and climate have also changed. The world monsoon is widely distributed, among which the Asian monsoon is the strongest and the largest. Take China as an example. In winter, the radiation in the Asian continent cools down strongly and the temperature is low. The air density is high, forming high pressure. Because of the large heat capacity of water, radiation cooling is not as strong as that in mainland China. Relatively speaking, the temperature is high and the pressure is low, and the pressure gradient points from the mainland to the ocean, so the wind blows from the mainland to the ocean, and the northerly wind prevails. In summer, the radiation in the Asian continent increases strongly, the temperature is high, and the air density is low, forming a low pressure; However, the ocean absorbs and emits heat slowly, and the degree of radiation warming is moderate. Relatively speaking, the temperature is low and the air pressure is high. The pressure gradient points from the ocean to the land, so the wind blows from the ocean to the land, and the southerly wind prevails. Monsoon has a great influence on the weather and climate in China. When winter winds prevail, the climate is characterized by low temperature, dryness and little rain. When the summer monsoon prevails, the climate is characterized by high temperature, high humidity and rainy weather. From the formation principle, the causes of monsoon and land-sea breeze are basically the same, but there are obvious differences. Sea-land breeze is caused by the diurnal variation of sea-land air pressure, and the wind direction changes in a one-day cycle, and the influence range is only in coastal areas, generally around 10 km. Monsoon is caused by the seasonal change of air pressure between land and sea, and the prevailing wind changes with the seasons.