Fifteen days' weather in Weishi

There has been a saying since ancient times: thousands of books is not as good as Wan Li Road to study. ? In the Song Dynasty, officials could travel with the support of the imperial court. Business trip? Business trip, to put it mildly, actually refers to official business trip. There was such an official deployment before the Song Dynasty, but it was not until Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, recorded what he saw, heard and did on his way to his post for the first time and wrote down his travel notes. Later generations called this style? Diary body? .

Many such articles appeared because it was relatively easy for Song officials to travel abroad, so they didn't have to worry about traffic, accommodation and safety on the way. Dasong stipulated:? All officials who go to the south can go by boat from Beijing, and all counties along the way can also be equipped with official boats. ? Moreover, the term of office stipulated by the court is relatively loose, and officials along the way can enjoy the famous mountains and rivers and meet relatives and friends. Therefore, the official tour is also an important opportunity for Song officials to make friends and increase their experience.

1. Ouyang Xiu pioneered the diary style and had a wide influence.

There are three main types of official travel in Song Dynasty: one is to go to work or take a vacation; The second is the court's tolerance; The third is to go abroad. The Records of Service is the first diary written by an official in the Song Dynasty, which records Ouyang Xiu's three years of relegation due to his participation in political disputes and his travels from Kaifeng to local offices. Narrating in the form of a diary, The Battle Records set a historical precedent and influenced the works of many literati in later generations, not only because of the novelty of this style, but also because of Ouyang Xiu's literary Sect.

The chronicle of service is the beginning of diary. Later generations of officials who had to travel across mountains and rivers to take up their posts due to the transfer of their official positions imitated Ouyang Xiu's Official Records and produced many travel notes, such as Lu You's Shu Guo Ji, Zheng's The Journey to the West, Lou Jian's Travel Notes to the North and so on.

The arrangement structure of these articles is the same as that of Ouyang Xiu's Records of Service. These travel notes are not only literary works, but also provide first-hand information for historians to understand people's living conditions at that time. Wang wrote in the Western Expedition. At the age of 30, Yi returned to China and brought back a book called Yu Yizhi. ? It shows that Yu Yizhi has become synonymous with official travel notes at that time, which is enough to show the far-reaching influence and heavy position of Yu Yizhi in the history of literature.

2. The official travel time is long, and there is a special boat.

1. The writer Ouyang Xiu's trip to his post lasted for May.

In the third year of Song Renzong Jingyou, Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Yiling County Order by Guan Ge School because of his participation in political struggle. The distance from Kaifeng to Yiling is 2,600 Li, but from Kaifeng to Yiling, officials generally choose to take a relatively fast waterway, starting from the southwest of Kaifeng, taking the land to Tang Zhou via Yingzhou, then taking the waterway to reach Xiangzhou and Yunzhou by boat along the tributary of Hanshui River, and then taking the land to reach the final destination.

On his way to Yiling, Ouyang Xiu made friends and visited relatives and friends all the time. In Ezhou, Ouyang Xiu met his brother. Just about to go out, I suddenly reported that someone had met the aforementioned Athena Chu Shilu who was demoted to Yingzhou in Xiangzhou. So Ouyang Xiu wanted to visit his old friend Athena Chu in Yingzhou again, but he was afraid of delaying the trip, so he asked the locals how to get to Yingzhou from here and take care of the trip to Yiling.

People told Ouyang Xiu that it is safe to go to Yunzhou from here, because there is a road between Yiling and Yunzhou, which allows passers-by to travel between the two places to go straight for several days. At this time, Ouyang Xiu was overjoyed and immediately set off for Yunzhou. According to historical records, there is indeed a shortcut between Yunzhou and Yiling.

In the fourth year of Song Jiayou, Su Shi returned to Beijing from Shu with his father and brother because of his mother's death. The three of them chose to leave Jingmen by water from Sichuan and arrive in Beijing via Yicheng, Xiang, Deng, Tang, Xu and Wei. The road they took from the north of Xiangzhou was roughly the same as that of Athena Chu.

Ouyang Xiu's boat to Yiling is enviable.

Because Ouyang Xiu didn't know that he was demoted to Yiling order by Guan Ge's collation until he received the emperor's will, Yu Yizhi only recorded that Ouyang Xiu left Kyoto on May 24 and arrived at Gongan Ferry on September 17. According to historical records, Ouyang Xiu should arrive in Yiling County on October 26th of that year 10, and the whole trip to his post lasted 5 months and 2 days.

There was a reason for the long trip to Yiling, because it was midsummer and the weather was hot, and the court urged him to start at once, so it was difficult to buy horses and chariots, so he chose to take a longer waterway than nearby.

At that time, Ouyang Xiu had his own reasons in his letter to his good friend Athena Chu, which said: At first, I planned to go to Yiling by land, but it was hot and there were no horses, so I chose water. What makes me happy is that both the old man and the children have a safe journey and are in good health. My mother has never drunk before, and Yiling and her party can drink several cups a day. ?

Ouyang Xiu's family on this trip should be not only his mother and youngest son, but also the family who took care of the elderly and children on the road. If you go by land, you have to walk a long way. It was a hot summer, and the whole family, old and young, had no horses. Of course not by land. Although the waterway is a little far, it is relatively convenient to take a boat, so you don't have to walk all the way.

In Ouyang Xiu's travels, the most used means of transportation is the boat. However, Ouyang Xiu did not describe the size of the ship in Yu Yi Zhi. He only said in the book:? In Suzhou, the ship lost water and got lost. ? From this point of view, his ship has a rudder and is a medium-sized ship, and he also wrote:? See Daoan in the boat and Yuan Junxiao in the north gate of the silver storehouse where they live with wine? .

It can be seen that Ouyang Xiu's boat can not only meet the basic needs of manned camels, but also meet guests and offer wine for their birthday. Sometimes it's too late. He lets some guests stay on the boat. All these signs indicate that the ship he took must be very big. But when he arrived in Zhou Zhen, Ouyang Xiu mentioned in the article:? Move to the passenger ship? Passenger ships, that is, merchant ships, look like the real state.

The local government did not provide Ouyang Xiu with an official ship, so he had to take a merchant ship out of the Bianhe River. This is not aimed at him alone. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, most boats on the Bianhe River docked at the border of Zhou Zhen, and the government transported grain. The boat doesn't enter the river, and the boat doesn't enter the river. ? Later, Ouyang Xiu's passenger ship went all the way to Yuezhou. Because there were officials from Yiling County to meet him, Ouyang Xiu changed from a passenger ship to an official ship. In the Song Dynasty, there was much sail before the wind. When there was no wind in the retrograde, when there was a headwind or a reef, the sails were closed.

Fan Chengda was on his way to Guangxi, and had a pleasant trip in Jiangxi. He wrote:? The wind is sailing and the ship is flying. ? The poet Li Bai also wrote:? Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away. The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills. ? Thus, although the wind is changeable, as long as the boatman is good at steering, it is not a problem to take Wan Li Road every day.

Three. ? Passengers? Communicate with friends and relatives and visit places of interest all the way.

1. Visit relatives and friends and have fun.

Ouyang Xiu and his party visited Yiling, which lasted for May. However, he gained a lot from this trip. Because he didn't encounter a disaster on this trip, he also visited a group of friends, which turned the originally boring journey into an unforgettable life experience. Most of the records in Yu Yi Zhi are old and new friends visited by Ouyang Xiu. Wang also said? "In service", wine and meat account books also. ? .

Ouyang Xiu stayed in most counties along the way, ranging from wandering in Jingzhou for a month to staying for several days. Staying in Chuzhou for 17 days was inseparable from the field conditions of the first scholar who was the judge of Chuzhou at that time, hosting banquets and drinking, and visiting various places. During a month in Jingzhou, he entertained relatives and friends almost every day, or played chess, watched the moon, watched the rain and enjoyed the lotus. According to Zhi, Ouyang Xiu is around *

Among them were colleagues who used to be officials in Beijing, because Ouyang Xiu was very famous at that time. Although Ouyang Xiu's trip was relegated, his articles were well-known, so even so, many people were willing to associate with him. Before Ouyang Xiu set out, his colleagues and friends gave a banquet to practice for him. Among them, on the way, he also met friends such as Chun Qing from Sizhou and Li Chunyu from Hongze, and met his relatives.

Visit places of interest and offer sacrifices and prayers along the way.

"Yu Yi Zhi" records that Ouyang Xiu not only visited relatives and friends along the way, but also visited famous mountains and rivers to worship the gods, such as? In May, I lived in Chen for the second time and went to the temple. ? In May, I stopped in Chenliu and prayed for peace at the Temple of Kaunus. Another example is:? In June, Geng Xu, Chen Ya, as we all know, sipped Wei Gong Pavilion and watched lotus flowers. ? In June, Zhinian drank wine and watched the lotus flowers in Wei Gongting, and he stayed in Chuzhou and Jingzhou for the longest time, which must be sightseeing and visiting places of interest.

Since ancient times, literati and poets in all dynasties have had landscape plots. Confucius said: the benevolent Leshan, the wise happy water. ? Scholars' attitude towards visiting famous mountains is also different from that of ordinary people. Ordinary people just want to have fun, while most scholars express their feelings for mountains and rivers and their frustration with their careers. Therefore, famous mountains and great rivers have always been favored by scholars and poets.

Conclusion:

The official journey of the Song Dynasty was relaxed and full of interest, during which they indulged in mountains and rivers and never felt any depression of being relegated. Yu Yi Zhi is the first official travel note in the history of China, which had a great influence on the literati at that time. This kind of travel note left important information for future generations to understand the social customs at that time.

References: Military Service Records and Song History.