What's the name of daffodils?

What are the characteristics of narcissus? What are the categories?

Narcissus belongs to the genus Narcissus of Amaryllidaceae, which is native to China and has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. It is one of the traditional famous flowers in China.

Narcissus, also known as onion, garlic, narcissus and so on. Because most of them are nourished by water, and the leaves are beautiful, the flowers are rich, and the posture is elegant, so they have the nickname of "Ling Boxian". Narcissus is mainly produced in warm and humid areas along the southeast coast of China, with Zhangzhou, Xiamen and Chongming Island in Shanghai being the most famous.

Narcissus is a perennial herb. Its bulb is large and spherical, covered with brown skin, and the base of the stem has white fleshy roots. Narcissus leaves are extracted from the green and white tubular sheath at the top of the bulb and then from the leaves. Generally, each bulb can take out 1-2 stems, and many bulbs can reach 8- 1 1 branches, which are umbels.

There are two main daffodils in China:

(1) Single petal type: the flower is single petal, white, the perianth is 6-lobed, and there is a golden ring crown in the center, so it is called "golden lamp and silver platform" or "wine glass narcissus"; If the vice crown is white and the flowers are leafy and thin, it is called "Yinzhanyutai".

(2) Double petal type: the flower is double, white, and the perianth 12 is split and rolled into a cluster, which is called "Louvre Narcissus" or "Yulinglong". The flower shape is not as beautiful as a single petal, and the fragrance is also poor. This is a variety of narcissus.

How to choose narcissus bulb?

The quality of narcissus balls determines the number of bloom and the richness of flowers. If you want to raise a good pot of daffodils, you must start with choosing the bulbs of daffodils.

The selection of narcissus bulbs can be carried out from four aspects: looking at the shape, looking at the color, pressing and asking the village.

(1) shape: the bulbs of high-quality narcissus are generally large, flat and hard, with wide and vertical stripes on the epidermis, compact middle membrane, bright skin color, wide and thick root disc and symmetrical bulbs beside the main ball.

(2) Color observation: From the appearance, the bulb is dark brown, the envelope is complete, the color is bright, and there are no signs of rot and insect pests, so it is the top grade.

(3) Pressing: Pressing is the main means to select and identify the number of daffodil arrows. You can hold the light bulb with your thumb and forefinger and press it slightly hard. The outline of the handle is columnar, elastic and relatively solid, and it is a flower arrow; Soft to the touch, flat in outline, slightly less elastic, mostly leaf buds.

(4) Problem Village: Narcissus is generally packed in bamboo baskets of the same size, and each basket has four packaging specifications of 20, 30, 40 and 50 bulbs, commonly known as 20, 30, 40 and 50. The fewer the number in each basket, the larger the individual light bulb. For example, each basket contains 20 bulbs, and the diameter of each bulb can reach 12 cm, which is a first-class product; The bulbs in Zhuang 30 are slightly smaller than those in Zhuang 20. The bulbs of the above two daffodils can generally shoot more than 4-7 arrows per ball, which is the top grade. The bulbs of 40 Qinghe and 50 Zhuang are much smaller, and generally only 1-3 arrows can be opened.

How to raise daffodils in water?

Narcissus can be potted or raised in water, and most families are raised in water.

The hydroponic cultivation method of narcissus is as follows: peel the purchased narcissus bulbs, remove the mud protection and dead roots from the roots, and then peel off the outer skin of the upper 3-4 layers of bulbs with a knife to expose the flower buds between them, taking care not to damage the flower buds when peeling. Soak the bulbs in clear water for one night, wipe off the mucus flowing out of the incision the next day, and then put them upright in a shallow basin of daffodils, and it is advisable to submerge one-third of the bulbs with water. Light bulbs can be fixed in pots with quartz sand and pebbles.

Narcissus pots should be placed in sunny places during the day and moved indoors at night, and the water in the pots should be poured out to control the vain growth of leaves. Add water the next morning, and be careful not to move the direction of the light bulb. Narcissus can be changed once a day when it first enters the pot, every 2-3 days thereafter, and once a week after bud formation. Narcissus grows well in the environment of 10- 15 degrees, and can bloom in about 45 days, and the flowering period can last for more than one month.

During the period of narcissus hydroponics, it is especially necessary to give enough light, and put it in a sunny place during the day and under the light at night. This can prevent the stems and leaves of narcissus from growing white, and make narcissus leaves short, wide and strong, with dark green leaves and fragrant flowers. Hydroponic narcissus generally does not need fertilization. If conditions permit, a little available phosphorus and chemical fertilizer can be applied at the flowering stage to make the flowers bloom better.

How to carve crab claw narcissus?

Carving narcissus bulb is a traditional art in China. Artificially carved crab claw narcissus is called crab claw narcissus because its leaves and pedicels curl like crab claws. Carving crab claw narcissus should go through four processes: peeling scales, carving bracts, cutting leaf edges and carving pedicels:

(1) Scaling: First, scrape the dirt and dead roots off the daffodils' heads and peel off the brown skin. Use a knife to cut the bulb at 2/3 or12 along the arc parallel to the bottom, and peel off the upper 2/3 scales layer by layer until the leaves germinate.

(2) Carving bracts: the scales and bracts on both sides of the leaf bud are carved off one by one with a knife. Be patient and careful not to hurt the leaf buds. When the leaf buds on both sides are bent, or when the two leaf buds are too close together, you can gently spread out the soft leaf buds with your fingers, and then slowly drop the scales in the middle for a while. The leaf bud is also covered with smooth scales, which should be carefully peeled off to expose the whole leaf bud.

(3) Trimming leaves: The leaves of daffodils grow straight. In order for leaves and pedicels to grow into curved crab claws, they must be cut. When cutting the leaf edge, you should apply a little pressure from the back of the leaf bud with your fingers to separate the flower bud, then cut the knife from the gap and cut the leaf edge from top to bottom, with an average of 1/3 to 2/3 from the outer leaf to the inner leaf. One side of the carved tissue was scarred and grew slowly. The uncut side still grows healthily, and the two sides grow unevenly, growing into crab claw-like leaves that bend to one side. When operating, you must not touch the bud in the middle of the leaf bud.

(4) Carved pedicel: the upper part of the flower bud is a flower bud, and the lower part is a pedicel. Pedicels are difficult to carve, and buds cannot be broken. When carving pedicels, cut the pedicels to a depth of about 1/4 from top to bottom. If you want the pedicel to bend in which direction, cut which side of the pedicel.

The side ball of daffodil is carved in the same way as the main ball. After carving, cut off the bulbs, soak them in clear water for a day and a night, then wash them with mucus, and then maintain them in a shallow basin. Generally, carved daffodils bloom earlier and shorter.

How to prevent daffodils from appearing "dumb flowers"?

The so-called "dumb flower" refers to the phenomenon that daffodils die in the process of hydroponics, and the buds wither or decline before opening. The phenomenon of "dumb flowers" is mainly caused by the following reasons:

(1) The quality of narcissus balls is poor. Small ball, poor flower bud development; Sphere suffers from diseases and insect pests, the root disk is dry and rotten, the hair roots are few, and the body is weak.

(2) Improper maintenance. Frequent water change, insufficient light, high room temperature and poor ventilation lead to long white leaves and thin flowers. In addition, changing water will damage roots and flowers, and it will also lead to "dumb flowers".

(3) Improper water conservation season. "Dumb flowers" will appear when bulbs are dormant before the first frost or when the temperature rises after Tomb-Sweeping Day.

To prevent "dumb flowers", we must first select three-year-old high-quality bulbs for hydroponics. It is best to use rainwater or pond water to save water. If tap water is used, it should be stored for one day before use. Then make sure that the daffodils have enough light, not less than 6 hours a day, and pay attention to indoor ventilation. The temperature is kept at 12- 15 degrees, which is most conducive to the growth of daffodils. The weather in the north is dry, and the narcissus plants are sprayed with water every day.

How to control narcissus diseases and insect pests?

The main diseases and insect pests of narcissus are brown spot, leaf blight, nematodiasis, aspergillosis, plum disease and so on. Brown spot mainly harms the leaves and stems of narcissus. It appears at the tip of the leaf when it is first dyed and is brown. When infected in a large area, both leaves and stems will appear diseased spots, which will distort the leaves, stop the growth of plants and lead to death. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be sprayed with 600-700 times aqueous solution every 5-7 days, and the development of the disease can be controlled by spraying for many times.

The disease can be prevented by peeling off membrane scales before planting and soaking bulbs in 0.5% formalin solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times water solution for half an hour. Leaf blight mostly occurs on narcissus leaves. At first it was yellow-green spots, and then it expanded in a fan shape with yellow-green halo around it. Later, the leaves dried up and black particles appeared. The disease can be prevented by peeling off dry scales before planting and washing with dilute permanganate for 2-3 times. At the initial stage of the disease, it can be sprayed with 50% zineb 1500 times water solution. Nematode disease mainly harms the leaves and flower stems of narcissus. At first, the leaves and stems of narcissus will appear yellow-brown mosaic stripes, and then blisters or wavy protrusions will appear, which will break the epidermis of leaves and stems and turn brown until they wither. Soaking bulbs in 0.5% formalin solution at 40-43 degrees for 3-4 hours can prevent this disease. If serious plant infection is found during maintenance, the diseased plants should be removed and destroyed immediately.

How to control the daffodil flowering period?

Narcissus blooms earlier than peaches and plums and later than plums. Generally, hydroponics begins in autumn and winter, and flowers can bloom in winter and spring. So, how do daffodils bloom during New Year's Day and Spring Festival? This goal can be achieved by artificially controlling the flowering period of daffodils.

Generally, narcissus bulbs can bloom as scheduled after 45-50 days of normal hydroponics. The so-called normal hydroponics is to ensure that narcissus is exposed to light for 6 hours every day after hydroponics, and the room temperature should be kept at about 10- 15 degrees. If the weather is abnormal, the light is insufficient, and the temperature is too low (too high), measures should be taken to make narcissus blossom as scheduled.

Common methods: ① When the temperature is too low and the light is insufficient, warm water of 12- 15 degree can be changed into the narcissus basin; At night, surround the narcissus basin with plastic film, and use a 60-watt lamp 40-50 cm away from the flowers to increase the temperature and strengthen the illumination. At the same time, spray water on narcissus leaves to prevent the temperature from rising suddenly. (2) When the temperature is too high, adding a proper amount of cold water into the narcissus basin and pouring out the water in the basin at night for low-temperature treatment can delay the flowering of narcissus.

How to raise daffodils in water?

Narcissus can be potted or raised in water, and most families are raised in water.

The hydroponic cultivation method of narcissus is as follows: peel the purchased narcissus bulbs, remove the mud protection and dead roots from the roots, and then peel off the outer skin of the upper 3-4 layers of bulbs with a knife to expose the flower buds between them, taking care not to damage the flower buds when peeling. Soak the bulbs in clear water for one night, wipe off the mucus flowing out of the incision the next day, and then put them upright in a shallow basin of daffodils, and it is advisable to submerge one-third of the bulbs with water. Light bulbs can be fixed in pots with quartz sand and pebbles.

Narcissus pots should be placed in sunny places during the day and moved indoors at night, and the water in the pots should be poured out to control the vain growth of leaves. Add water the next morning, and be careful not to move the direction of the light bulb. Narcissus can be changed once a day when it first enters the pot, every 2-3 days thereafter, and once a week after bud formation. Narcissus grows well in the environment of 10- 15 degrees, and can bloom in about 45 days, and the flowering period can last for more than one month.

During the period of narcissus hydroponics, it is especially necessary to give enough light, and put it in a sunny place during the day and under the light at night. This can prevent the stems and leaves of narcissus from growing white, and make narcissus leaves short, wide and strong, with dark green leaves and fragrant flowers. Hydroponic narcissus generally does not need fertilization. If conditions permit, a little available phosphorus and chemical fertilizer can be applied at the flowering stage to make the flowers bloom better.