When did ugliness begin? When does ugliness mean?

When does the clown start? Many costume dramas will have such a bridge. In the dead of night, there will always be the sound of bangzi banging gongs and the shouts of "dry weather, beware of candlelight" in the street.

According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the ancients in China invented a timing device called "leaky carving", which used the speed of water drops to time.

moment

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, in order to grasp the law of time more accurately, the ancients also invented sundials and other devices to calculate time.

However, the ancient people calculated the time differently from today, such as midnight 12, which corresponds to midnight in ancient times. 65438+ zero to three in the morning, ugly. Because there were few entertainment activities at night in ancient times, it was more powerful at night.

Not sleeping at home at night is either a bad person or a business trip.

Here comes the problem. Does the idiom "midnight" mean 3 o'clock or 5 o'clock in the evening?

sundial

According to the Qing Dynasty's "A Mirror of Ancient and Modern Times", "Xuanyuan family began to use leaky engravings, Duke Zhou began to divide points, and the latter points began in Zhou. As for the use of drums and bells, it began in the Tang Dynasty ... and it was more about beating drums and bells. "

During the Zhou Dynasty, Duke Zhou invented the timing method for the first time, which was used to grasp the changes of seasons and the daily progress. The well-known saying that "the sky is dry and things are dry, beware of fire and candles" did not appear until the Tang Dynasty.

"yue:" I tried to serve the Jiangxi government of Shen's official department, and I spent my leisure time traveling in the city. When he saw the bronze pot and the silver arrow, the law was like the ancient law. Cao Cao said, "Cao ordered the king to build this bridge. "

Gong said: "The Hunan government also ordered to do as ordered." In the last two years, Xuancheng Town was moved by the public, and Shi was still alive. Because he was ordered to work in Beijing, he was placed in a smart place because of his skills. Chizhou engraving is lost. "

During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were still buildings in the center of every city. Originated in the Han Dynasty, according to historical records, there was a system of "beating drums at dawn and ringing bells at night" in the Han Dynasty.

As the time center of the capital, it has a very important position.

At a fixed time, the soldiers guarding the building will use "ringing the bell" and "beating the drum" to remind people what time it is.

Especially during curfew, there will be noise just after dark, which is to remind everyone not to go out.

Journey to the West once described this situation: "The Jade Rabbit rose to the top of the world, and the street was silent." . The Milky Way is dotted with stars and the drums are changing. "

Because the coverage is not wide, I gave birth to a husband. In ancient times, the night watchman not only had to tell you the time, but also walked the streets at night, with duties such as patrol and fire prevention.

In ancient times, the night was so harsh that no one could go out at night. If there is a fire or a thief, and people are still sleeping at home, something will happen.

Moreover, there is a night watchman patrolling at a fixed point, which can deal with all kinds of dangers in time and nip in the bud. There are bellmen in military camps, villages and palaces, but the functional departments and responsibilities are slightly different.

night watchman

It is recorded in Zi Tongzhi Jian that Wang Zongdi, the Ministry of Wang Jian, led his troops to a great victory with the plan of suspicious soldiers. Before the army was assembled, hundreds of people went to Zhao Daying for miles at night, beating gongs and drums louder. Zhao thought the Shu army was big and led the troops to flee at night. )

Qi Jiguang also mentioned in his book Ji Xiaoxin: "In the dark, the China army fought, and the floor and shops fought together; Zhong Jun, nightclubs everywhere. If one place is broken, it will be even more bulging. According to the military law, we will sit on the official flag. "

Therefore, it is complementary to the night watchman. Barracks, towns and state governments will all have the need to tell the time.

In ancient China, a day and night was divided into twelve hours, that is, noon of ugly Yin Mao Tatsumi, and each hour was equivalent to two hours now.

19 1 1 After the end of the year, clocks and watches were introduced to China, and we divided Chinese and western time points into "time" and "time". With the popularity of clocks and watches, people in China have been using them since childhood.

clocks and watches

Finding out the specific origin of twelve o'clock in ancient times is more convenient for everyone to understand the "midnight" in the middle of the night. What time is it now?

This should be clear to everyone. Every night, the night watchman will patrol at most 5 to 6 times, that is, 6 times.

From Qi Baishi, through Shihai, Zishi, Chou Shi and Yin Shi. The ancients calculated the time of day and night from sunset to sunrise the next day, MINUS the time of dusk and dawn. The so-called sunrise and sunset are day and night.

Supplemented by time-telling devices such as missing engraving and sundial. Every night, the night watchman needs to patrol five times and knock gongs at least six times. And midnight "midnight" refers to midnight.

That is, from the evening 1 1 to the next morning 1. Theoretically, it is when the weather is strongest and the sun is weakest (theory, everyone listens).

Because every night in ancient times was divided into five watch days, the first watch was the first watch, the second watch was the second watch, and the third watch was the third watch until the fifth watch in Yin Shi ended.

The time of midnight corresponds to 1 1 in the evening to 1 in the morning, which is half of the night, so the ancients called it "midnight".

A dozen people

Of course, the "third watch" I mentioned here is a very general statement. Specific to the details, the exact definition of twelve o'clock in Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty was slightly different.

For example, the "five drums and three points" stipulated by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin, the calculation time of the Tang Dynasty was 55 minutes during the day and 45 minutes at night. Divided by five, it will take 9 more minutes, about 129.6 minutes. One minute is 25.92 minutes.

Spring and autumn are equally divided day and night, which means that the time from sunrise to sunset is 50 minutes each. The length of a night is from sunset to sunrise the next day, MINUS dusk, which is 5 minutes.

The scale is calculated with an arrow ruler, usually one arrow in the daytime and one arrow in the evening, which adds up to 100 minutes. The length of a watch depends on the length of the night arrow. In addition, according to the degree of different cities, the specific time division of twelve o'clock in different places is also slightly different.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he went to court at five o'clock (three o'clock in the morning) every day. Kaifeng, the capital of Song Dynasty, is about 5: 12. The capital of the Tang Dynasty is in Chang 'an, which is around 5: 02. If there are 24 solar terms such as vernal equinox and summer solstice, the time will be calculated separately.

According to the Book of Jin Tian Wenzhi Shu, it is recorded that: "The husband is at sunrise day and night, and the man is limited to fainting day and night. Two and a half minutes ago, it was still bright, and two and a half minutes later, it fainted. According to the calendar, I am on a business trip for two and a half hours in the early morning. "

Why is the evening time called "more"? In fact, it is because the night watchman strikes the bangzi by the hour, so the time at night is called "more". In some places, drums are used to tell the time, and the evening time is also called "drums".

The so-called "counting days" or "counting drum days" all mean this, and the "morning bell and evening drum" also comes from this.

Because in ancient China, the calculation time was not divided into 12 hours as it is now. For the convenience of calculation, there are 5 shifts every night.

At eight o'clock in the evening, it was ancient times. At this time, the night watchman began to work formally, knocking on the gong once and bangzi twice. At night 10:00, it was Shihai, and the night watchman knocked the gong twice and bangzi twice.

Midnight is the third night. Until the clown and Yin Shi were divided into four watches and five watches, and after knocking the five watches, the night watchman called it a day and went home.

Except in summer, spring, autumn and winter, the bangzi will knock once every morning from 5 to 6. Because the sunrise time in these three seasons is different from that in summer, the night watchman has to work overtime for an extra hour.

In the final analysis, Wu Geng divided the night time into five parts, each with a watch. Due to the seasonal variation of the length of day and night, the length of shifts in different seasons is also different.

At the same time, the definition of a night is not calculated by sunrise or sunset, but by the time from 2: 30 after sunset to 2: 30 before sunrise the next day.

In this way, "midnight" means not 3 o'clock or 5 o'clock, but midnight, that is, from 23: 00 midnight to early morning 1.

References:

Unified textual research on ancient and modern history, The Book of Jin, Tian, Shu and Ji Xiao.

The above is about when the ugly period began, and it is about sharing the ancient history of China. After reading what time ugliness refers to, I hope this will help everyone!