Architectural layout of China Arctic Pavilion Meteorological Museum

To visit the museum, you need to pass through the office area of ??the Jiangsu Provincial Meteorological Bureau and go up the winding mountain road. After walking into the gate, you are faced with a small water storage pond, and a long pole more than 10 meters high stands on the middle platform. At first glance, I thought it was a flagpole, but when I looked more closely, I saw that the lower end of the long pole was made of pure white jade, with exquisite dragon and phoenix patterns engraved on the barrel. The upper end was made of black iron, with a phoenix standing on the top disk. , turning with the wind. It turns out that this is the Luanfeng wind direction device that appeared 800 years ago, and people used it to measure the wind direction. Walking further inside, a winding path leads to a quiet place. There are reliefs on the gables next to it, depicting the development of China's meteorological undertakings. There are several statues standing on the lawn in front. Lu Shang, Guan Zhong, Dong Zhongshu, Wang Chong, Shen Kuo, Li Chunfeng and Qin Jiushao are all meteorologists of the past. Ancient Observatory Model Yuan Dynasty Equatorial Sundial Moving forward, a building that restores the ancient Observatory appears in front of you. The bronze statue of Zhu Kezhen, the founder of modern meteorology in my country, stands in the square in front of the ancient observatory. Zhu Kezhen is the founder of Beijige Meteorological Observatory. He devoted his life to the meteorological cause of his motherland. In the early morning of February 6, 1974, Zhu Kezhen, who was dying, sat up and turned on the knob of the radio to listen to the weather forecast. Then, he put on his reading glasses and shiveringly wrote a line of small words in his notebook: February 6, 1974, the temperature was as high as -1°C and as low as -7°C, with an easterly wind of level 1 to level 2, sunny to cloudy. This is the last meteorological diary left by Zhu Kezhen. The spirit of not forgetting his work responsibilities at the last moment of his life is admirable. The ancients determined the seasons and solar terms in this way. Going down from the other side of the ancient observatory tower is a half-moon-shaped courtyard built against the mountain. This is the indoor exhibition hall of the museum. There is a plaque hanging at the entrance, which reads "China Arctic Pavilion Meteorological Museum" and was inscribed by Zheng Guoguang, then director of the China Meteorological Administration. The museum is divided into four themed exhibition halls: ancient meteorology, modern meteorology, modern meteorology and modern meteorological technology, with a construction area of ??about 1,000 square meters. It displays major meteorological historical events, the evolution of meteorological instruments, changes in meteorological institutions, and the blueprint for the development of meteorological science and technology in various forms such as physical objects, models, pictures, historical materials, and images. Ancient Chinese meteorology is divided into the Stone Age and Legend History Age, Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, Spring and Autumn and Warring States dynasties, Qin and Han dynasties, Three Kingdoms to Ming Dynasty, early Qing Dynasty and other development periods, recording the steps of the ancients moving forward in the changing environment. In front of the model of the ancient observatory ruins, what interests me most is the restored appearance of the Taosi Observatory. In 2003, during archaeological excavations at the Yaodu Tao Temple sacrificial site in Shanxi, the oldest observatory known to date in the world was discovered, which is more than 500 years older than the Stonehenge Observatory in the UK. Taosi Observatory consists of 13 rammed earth columns, which are semicircular with a radius of 10.5 meters and an arc length of 19.5 meters. Observe the sunrise direction from the observation point through the slits in the soil pillars, determine the seasons and solar terms, and arrange farming. For example, the sunrise seen through the second slit is the winter solstice, the sunrise seen through the 12th slit is the summer solstice, and the sunrise seen through the seventh slit is the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox. Friends who have watched "The Twelve Hours of Chang'an" should be familiar with the sundial in the exhibition hall. It is an instrument that uses the changes in the position of the sun's shadow to measure time. It evolved from Keiche. The dial surface is parallel to the earth's surface (Earth's equatorial plane), and the copper pointer in the center of the dial surface is parallel to the earth's rotation axis. The dial is engraved with twelve hours such as Zichou, Yinmao and so on. The time indicated by the shadow of the needle projected on the dial is the rising sun at that time. From a meteorological power to a meteorological power to the modern Meteorological Agency, you will find that since the Republic of China, local people of insight and customs, aviation, schools, farms and other systems have successively established meteorological stations, and meteorological work has been carried out extensively. In 1906, industrialist and educator Zhang Jian built a waiting room in Nantong Museum, Jiangsu Province. In 1917, he founded the Junshan Meteorological Observatory, the earliest private meteorological observatory in Chinese history, in Nantong to conduct meteorological observations and forecasts, publish reports in Chinese and English, and communicate with more than 100 meteorological observatories or agencies in more than 40 countries and regions around the world. , can be said to be the pioneer of the trend and the leader of the new era. In the modern meteorological technology exhibition hall, there is a very special device. Standing in front of it, you feel like you are in the vast universe and looking at our earth. This is a sphere located in the center of the exhibition hall, called SOS (Spherical Science Display System). It is actually a large-scale 360-degree video playback system. The computer controls four high-performance projectors, and the display system projects the images onto a 1.73-meter-diameter spherical screen for people to watch. By rotating this "earth", we can intuitively observe the patterns and historical data of temperatures, ocean currents, winds, atmosphere and other activities around the world. It is simply a meteorological dictionary containing thousands of data.

Source: Mochou·People of the Times (Issue 11, 2019)