Can you grow litchi in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province?

Longan's requirements for external environmental conditions;

Longan originated in the subtropical region of southern China, and in its long-term systematic development, it has formed the characteristics of adapting to the barren drought in hilly red soil mountains. Longan likes high temperature and humidity. Because the trunk is covered with thick bark, it has stronger cold resistance than litchi, so it needs lower temperature in early spring to facilitate its flower bud differentiation.

(1) temperature

Temperature is an important factor affecting the growth, flowering, fruiting and geographical distribution of longan. When the average temperature reached above 20℃, it was more suitable for the growth of longan, and a good economic cultivation area could be formed in this area. The average annual temperature in Yibin, Sichuan Province is only 18.4℃, but there is no continuous frost in winter, and the frost-free period is long, and the absolute low temperature is not lower than-1℃, so it has also become an economic planting area.

When the temperature drops to 0℃, longan seedlings are vulnerable to freezing injury. When the temperature dropped to -0.5℃ to -4℃, the longan tree was frozen to varying degrees. The degree of freezing injury is related to the geographical environment. Generally speaking, the trees on the hillside are less damaged than those on the flat and lowland. Trees in the south and southwest are less damaged than those in the north and northeast; Trees with large water bodies nearby are less damaged than trees without large water bodies. In addition, young trees are more seriously damaged than adult trees; The tree body is strong, the crown is dense, the damage is light, and it recovers quickly after the damage.

The flower bud differentiation of longan in early spring needs a low temperature of 8- 14℃. If the temperature exceeds this temperature range, the higher the temperature and the longer the duration, the easier it is for longan trees to "sprout". Longan needs a temperature of 18-27℃ when it blooms. At the temperature of 25-32℃, the new shoots of longan grow rapidly, and the fruit has high sugar content and good quality.

(2) Moisture

Longan's demand for water can be summarized in one sentence. Longan is a subtropical fruit tree, which is drought-tolerant, wet-loving and afraid of waterlogging.

During the growth and development of longan, the demand for water in each growth stage is different. Autumn shoots mature in June 165438+ 10 every year until April of the following year, so as to avoid the germination of winter shoots and increase the accumulation of nutrients in branches and leaves, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruit setting; The rest of the time, especially in July and August, more water is needed. If water is scarce, it will affect the growth and development of roots and branches, and affect the yield and quality of fruits; If in the late stage of fruit development, long-term drought and showers will also cause fruit cracking and fruit dropping.

Longan has mycorrhiza and strong drought tolerance; Longan has not suffered from short-term flooding in the orchard, but long-term water accumulation in the orchard or high groundwater level will suffocate and rot the longan root system and make the tree decline.

(3) Soil

Longan has no strict requirements on soil conditions, even barren, dry and sour hilly red soil can grow. The hilly red soil has deep soil layer, good drainage, good air circulation and sufficient sunshine. If the soil can be turned deep and more organic fertilizer is applied, longan can grow well and harvest better. However, to plant longan on sloping land, it is necessary to do a good job of soil and water conservation, and the southeast, south and southwest slopes should be chosen as gardens to avoid wind damage and freezing damage.

A good longan orchard should be deep, soft, moist, rich in organic matter and slightly acidic soil with pH value of 5.5-6.5.

In addition, longan is a positive fruit tree, and sufficient light is beneficial to its growth and fruit, but the fruit is properly shaded. Longan has a huge crown and is vulnerable to wind damage, and strong winds will also cause a large number of fruit drops. Therefore, necessary measures should be considered when building gardens.

Litchi is a tropical plant, and light is the necessary energy for litchi to produce organic matter through photosynthesis. Litchi is a sun plant, which needs enough sunlight to be beneficial to its growth and development. Sunlight can promote assimilation, flower bud differentiation and fruit color and flavor. However, if the sunshine is too strong and the evaporation is large, the filaments will wither, the stigma will be dry, and pollination will be difficult, so the sunshine at the flowering stage should be long and not too strong. During the development of young fruits, the weather should be sunny, otherwise insufficient sunshine will affect photosynthesis, resulting in malnutrition and fruit drop. It needs to be sunny when the fruit is ripe, otherwise the color of the fruit is not fresh, the fragrance is light, the sugar is low and the quality is poor. Folklore: "Litchi goes south, longan goes north", which is the experience summary of fruit farmers for many years. There is more sunshine in the south, southeast and southwest, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and good fruit quality.

The lowest tolerance low temperature of litchi is about 0℃, and the limit is -2℃. Therefore, the temperature should be kept above 2℃ when potted. It can be cured at natural temperature in summer and autumn.

Germinated spring buds or flower heads need to be wetted in the soil to get good results. When it rains during flowering, the flowers will rot, resulting in little or no fruit. During flowering, especially when female flowers are in full bloom, sunny days are conducive to pollination. After winter, litchi enters flower bud differentiation. At this time, when the humidity of soil and air is low, the juice concentration can be increased, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation.