Geographical problems

(A), the physical and geographical characteristics of Asia

1. The important straits connecting the marginal seas of Asia are Bering Strait, Korea Strait, Taiwan Province Strait, Malacca Strait and Mande Strait.

The Strait of Hormuz, Da Daniil Strait and Bosporus Strait, etc.

2. Arc islands in eastern and southeastern Asia, from north to south: Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, Japanese Islands, Taiwan Province Island and Malay Islands.

3. Three peninsulas in South Asia: zhina Peninsula, India Peninsula and Arabian Peninsula.

4. Plateau and mountainous terrain. Plateau and mountains account for 3/4 of the whole continent. The main plateaus are: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Pamir Plateau,

Iranian Plateau, Arabian Plateau, Deccan Plateau, Mongolian Plateau and Central Siberia Plateau.

5. Constrained by the high terrain in the central part and the low terrain around, many rivers in Asia originate from the central plateau and mountainous areas and radiate around. Flowing northward into the Arctic Ocean.

There are ob river, Yenisei River and Lena River; Ganges, Indus, Yarlung Zangbo and Nujiang flow southward into the Indian Ocean. Flowing eastward into the Pacific Ocean

There are the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, Heilongjiang and so on.

6. Asia spans cold, warm and hot areas, with complex and diverse climate and remarkable monsoon climate.

(2) The location, scope and major cities of East Asia, the regional characteristics of East Asia and the geographical characteristics of Japan.

1, located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

2. Topographic features of East Asia

(1) There are many plateaus and mountains in the interior of the west, and many plains and hills in the east coast.

(2) The terrain is high in the west and low in the east.

3. The monsoon climate in East Asia is remarkable.

The difference of thermal properties between land and sea is the main reason for the formation of East Asian monsoon.

4. Economic differences between coastal and inland areas.

5. Japan's physical and geographical characteristics and economic characteristics.

(3) The location, scope and regional characteristics of Southeast Asia, the genetic characteristics and distribution of tropical rain forest and tropical monsoon climate.

1, geographical location is important (crossroads)

2. The mountains and rivers in Indochina Peninsula are alternately distributed in columns. The Malay archipelago is rugged, with many volcanoes and earthquakes.

3. Tropical rain forest and tropical monsoon climate

The southern part of Malay Peninsula and most parts of Malay Archipelago belong to tropical rain forest climate. Indo-China Peninsula and northern Philippine Islands belong to tropical monsoon climate.

4. Major residents and fast-growing economy

5. Singapore's natural conditions and economic development characteristics.

(4) South Asia

1, with an important geographical location and a long history.

2. The birthplace of Buddhism and Hinduism

3. Natural and geographical features:

(1) Three topographic regions: the north is a part of the Himalayas; In the middle are the Indus and Ganges plains; In the south is Deccan Plateau.

(2) Two main rivers: Ganges and Indus.

(3) Tropical monsoon climate

4. The influence of southwest monsoon on agriculture.

5. Geographical overview of India

(5) The relationship between location, scope, country, city, geographical environment, agriculture, animal husbandry and industry in Central Asia.

1, which is deeply located in the mainland.

2. Living in the inland natural environment.

(1) The terrain is dominated by hills and plains.

(2) The climate is dominated by temperate deserts and temperate grasslands.

(3) Distribution of inland rivers and lakes

Lake: Aral Sea

Inland rivers: Syr Darya and Amu Darya.

3. General situation of residents and economy

4. Major cities

Tashkent, Almaty, Astana

(6) West Asia

1, an important geographical location (land of five seas and three continents)

2. Plateau-dominated terrain

3. Hot and dry climate

4. Sahara desert, the largest desert in the world

5. The world's largest oil treasure house

6. Arab countries

7. Characteristics of agriculture and animal husbandry

8. Geographical Survey of Egypt

9. West Asia has become the focus of fierce competition in the West.

(1) The geographical location of West Asia is particularly important.

Since ancient times, West Asia has been the main traffic artery between East and West. The famous "Silk Road" in ancient times was the trade passage from China to Europe via West Asia. At present, there are railways, highways and international air routes connecting three continents, and it is still in a pivotal position to communicate the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

(2) West Asia is particularly rich in oil resources, which is the world's oil treasure house.

With the Persian Gulf as the center, there is a huge oil belt extending north and south. Western Asia's oil reserves account for more than half of the world's total oil reserves, and its output accounts for about a quarter of the world's total output.

Oil in West Asia is generally characterized by large reserves, shallow burial, large output and good quality.

(3) West Asia's resources, especially oil resources, affect the rise and fall of some developed countries.

(vii) Africa

1. Topographic features of Africa

(1) The terrain is mainly plateau, and the ground has no ups and downs, so it is called plateau continent.

(2) The whole terrain inclines from southeast to northwest.

(3) The main terrain areas are Ethiopian Plateau, East African Plateau, South African Plateau, Congo Basin and Sahara Desert.

2. Climate characteristics in Africa

(1) The climate in Africa is characterized by high temperature, wide arid area and obviously symmetrical distribution of climatic zones. Known as the "tropical continent".

(2) The climate in North Africa is dominated by tropical desert, and the annual precipitation is mostly below 200mm; Sub-Saharan Africa is mainly tropical grasslands and rainforests.

The main climate, precipitation in most areas is above 1000 mm.

(3) The climate types in Africa are obviously banded, and the north and south are roughly symmetrical.

3. Mineral resources and their distribution in Africa.

(1) The reserves and output of gold and diamonds rank first in the world; Copper, iron, uranium, bauxite, oil, natural gas and other minerals.

Rich in resources.

(2) South Africa is the country that produces the most gold; Zambia is an important country producing copper mines; South Africa is also the producer of uranium, diamonds and antimony in the world.

Important producing areas; Oil and natural gas are mainly distributed in Nigeria, Algeria, Libya and Egypt.

4. Race and religion

(1) North Africa is mainly white, and most people believe in Islam, and the residents are mainly Arabs.

(2) There are more than 500 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 90% of whom are black, so it is called "black Africa". Central and southern Africa is

The hometown of black people in the world.

5. The economic characteristics of single primary products in Africa and the general situation of developing national economy.

(1) Many countries give full play to their respective advantages in minerals, forests, livestock products and tropical cash crops, and produce one or two industrialized countries.

Raw materials, semi-finished products and other primary products need to be exported as the economic pillar of the country.

(2) At present, many countries that mainly produce primary products are also striving to develop national industries and revitalize their economies.

(8) Europe

1. Location, scope, natural environment and economic characteristics of Western Europe

(1) Geographical location, scope and coastal characteristics of Western Europe

(2) The terrain dominated by plains and mountains and the terrain formed by glaciation.

(3) The climate is deeply influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, and has the climatic characteristics of the transition from maritime to continental.

(4) Western European developed economies

Western Europe is a developed region in the world, with industrial and agricultural production accounting for about 1/3 of the world, and foreign trade accounting for 1/2 of the world's total foreign trade.

2. The formation of temperate maritime climate in western Europe and its influence on agriculture and animal husbandry.

(1) Western Europe is located in the prevailing westerly belt and is deeply influenced by warm and humid westerly winds. It faces the Atlantic Ocean to the west and is significantly influenced by the North Atlantic Warm Current.

The winding coastline and east-west mountains are convenient for sending warm and humid air to the mainland.

(2) The temperate maritime climate is not conducive to the maturity of crops, but it is beneficial to the growth of succulent grass and the development of animal husbandry.

3. Differences in agricultural production caused by different natural conditions in the north and south of Germany.

(1) The relationship between north and south topography and agriculture.

Germany's terrain is high in the south and low in the north, showing a ladder shape, and there is a big difference between north and south agriculture.

(1) north german plain, low-lying, barren soil, extensive agricultural management, sparsely populated.

(2) The southern plateau mountainous area has fertile soil and long sunshine time, and is rich in grapes, tobacco and fruits.

(2) Industry expands from north to south.

Originally, most industries in China were concentrated in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Hamburg and Bremen in the north, and now Munich and Stuttgart in the south are developing rapidly. Emerging industries are gradually developing to the south.

(9) Russia

1. Geographical survey of Russia

(1) Russia is the largest country across Eurasia in the world and a traditional European country.

(2) Most parts of Russia are relatively flat, with vast plains and plateaus.

(3) Most parts of Russia are located in high latitudes, with long and cold winters and short and warm summers, belonging to temperate continental climate.

The main rivers in Russia are Volga River, ob river River, Yenisei River and Lena River. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.

(5) Russia has a vast territory and abundant natural resources. It is one of the few countries in the world that can be self-sufficient in resources.

(6) Industries dominated by heavy industry

(7) Agricultural instability

(8) Railway transportation

(9) Major cities are: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Murmansk and Irkutsk.

(10) development of the eastern region

2. Mineral distribution and industrial distribution in Russia.

Russia is rich in mineral resources, with a variety of mineral reserves and output ranking first in the world. Russian industry is mainly based on its rich resources (especially mineral resources). Oil is mainly distributed in Tyumen Oilfield and Second Baku; Iron ore is mainly distributed in Kursk, Urals and other places; Coal mines are mainly distributed in Kuzbas and other places.

Russian industry tends to be decentralized from concentration, and the characteristics of expansion from west to east are very obvious.

Russian industry is mainly distributed in Europe. There are two industrial zones here: one is centered on Moscow, and the other is centered on St. Petersburg (Leningrad). These two industrial zones are dominated by machinery, chemistry and various light industries. During and after World War II, industrial construction developed eastward, and Ural industrial zone with steel industry and machinery industry as the main industries and Novosibirsk industrial zone with heavy industry and military industry as the main industries were established in Ural mountainous area.

X America

1, location and scope of North America and Latin America

(1) North America here mainly includes Canada and the United States, and Greenland, to which Denmark belongs.

(2) Latin America refers to the American countries and regions south of the United States. There are 33 countries in Latin America.

2. Composition and distribution of the three terrain areas and their impacts on climate.

(1) North American topography: the west is the northern section of the tall Cordillera Mountains; The central part is a vast plain; In the east are Labrador Plateau and Aba.

Laakia Mountains.

(2) Latin American topography: the west is the southern section of the Tal Cordillera mountain system; In the east, plateaus and plains alternate.

(3) The topography of North and South America has great influence on climate and weather.

3. Distribution and causes of main climate types in North America and Latin America.

(1) North America is dominated by temperate continental climate with complex and diverse climate.

(2) Latin America is dominated by tropical rain forest and savanna climate; The arid climate area is small; There is no cold climate.

4. Race, population distribution and immigration in North America and Latin America.

(1) Canada and the United States are descendants of immigrants from Britain, France, Germany and other countries in Europe, mainly white, accounting for more than 80%; The local residents are Indians.

Americans and Inuit (Eskimos).

(2) Latin American mixed-race children account for more than half; The original local residents are Indians; Among the continents, Latin America has a smaller population density.

However, in recent years, the population has grown rapidly, and the natural population growth rate is second only to Africa.

5. Major countries in North America

(1) General situation of natural resources and industrial and agricultural development in Canada

(2) the United States

(1) Territorial composition: 50 continents and one special zone.

② Characteristics of natural conditions

③ High resource consumption.

④ Inequality between multi-ethnic countries and races.

⑤ Agricultural modernization and specialization

⑥ Industrial distribution and major cities

6. Brazil, a major country in Latin America

(1) is the largest and most populous country in Latin America.

(2) The population is mostly distributed along the eastern coast.

(3) Amazon River is the largest river in the world, with the widest drainage area and the second longest river in the world.

(4) The Amazon River Basin is the largest tropical rain forest area in the world.

(1 1), Oceania

1, the geographical position and importance of Oceania

(1) position range

Oceania is located between Asia and Antarctica, bordering the Indian Ocean in the west, the Pacific Ocean in the east and North and South America in the distance.

(2) Its importance in transportation and strategy.

(3) Distribution of main islands (including three Pacific islands)

The main islands are Tasmania, New Zealand's North and South Islands, new guinea and the three major islands in the Pacific Ocean.

(4) Residents: Most of them are descendants of European white immigrants, and a few indigenous people are yellow and black.

2. Australia's natural environment

(1) Territorial composition: including mainland Australia, Tasmania and some nearby islands.

(2) The terrain is divided into three parts: the east, the middle and the west are different.

There is a great watershed in the east; The west is a low plateau; In the middle is a plain.

(3) The climate and vegetation are semi-circular.

(4) Unique and ancient animals, such as kangaroos, emus and platypus.

3. Mineral resources, industry and mining in Australia

(1) is rich in mineral resources, with iron, coal, bauxite, manganese and other mineral reserves in the forefront of the world.

(2) The mining industry is developed, and the export income of industrial and mining has exceeded the income of agriculture and animal husbandry. Australia is called "a country sitting on a mine car".

4. Economic characteristics of Australia

Australia is a developed country in the southern hemisphere, with developed modern agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and mining. In agriculture and animal husbandry, it is famous for exporting wool and wheat.

(12) Characteristics of the natural environment in Antarctica

1, special geographical location

2. The plateau continent covered with ice and snow and its topographic features.

3. Climatic characteristics of cold, strong wind and dry ice fields.

4. Rich natural resources and uncut natural environment.

5. Scientific research and investigation of treasures

6. The name and location of the scientific research station established in Antarctica and the new achievements of China's scientific investigation in Antarctica.

Is this enough?