The weather is getting cold, how should hypertensive patients prevent the onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

A cold air is coming from north to south, and most parts of the country are greatly cooled, and many places seem to enter winter overnight. At this time of year, it is also the busiest time in the department of cardiology and neurology of the hospital, because the weather changes make cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases frequent.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are basically inseparable from a basic disease, that is, hypertension. 65438+1October 8 is the national hypertension day. For hypertensive patients, how to prevent the attack of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the environment of sudden drop in temperature, the doctor summed up these four experiences and shared them with you.

Four experiences shared by doctors on National Hypertension Day

1. Insulation

Cold air always catches people off guard, so many people catch a cold. However, hypertension, especially elderly patients with hypertension, has poor tolerance to blood pressure changes because of poor vascular elasticity, increased brittleness and slow blood flow.

At this time, once the human body is stimulated by cold, it will cause strong contraction or rupture of blood vessels, leading to insufficient blood supply to important organs such as the heart and brain, and inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage.

Therefore, it is suggested that elderly patients with hypertension should always pay attention to the weather forecast and add clothes to keep warm when the temperature drops.

take medicine on time

Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires long-term medication. Mainly rely on drugs to control blood pressure in the normal range, thus effectively avoiding cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

In the cold autumn and winter season, patients with hypertension should take medicine on time to avoid blood pressure fluctuation, and at the same time pay attention to controlling blood lipid and blood sugar. Patients with indications can also take aspirin, an antiplatelet drug, to prevent the risk of blood vessel blockage caused by platelet aggregation.

3. Maintain a healthy lifestyle

Many people think that autumn and winter are suitable for tonic, and it is extremely wrong to put down your stomach and eat and drink. At this time, if the diet is not controlled, it will easily lead to the increase of blood lipid and blood sugar, and the increase of blood viscosity, which is more likely to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Remind friends of patients with hypertension that if you can eat enough vegetables, fruits and low-fat milk in your diet, maintain enough intake of potassium, magnesium and calcium plasma, and try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet, especially animal fat rich in saturated fatty acids, you can effectively control your blood pressure.

Therefore, patients with hypertension should adhere to a low-fat low-sugar low-salt diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, and pay attention to quitting smoking and drinking, exercise regularly, control their weight, avoid staying up late, and keep a good mood. In addition, it should be reminded that elderly hypertensive patients should not be too anxious when they get up in the morning, because sudden changes in body position will also cause blood pressure fluctuations and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is recommended to lie in bed for 1-2 minutes after waking up in the morning, and then get up slowly.

4. Monitor blood pressure and check it regularly.

In order to control blood pressure smoothly and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is essential to monitor blood pressure. In order to control blood pressure for a long time, Chinese guidelines advocate that hypertensive patients participate in self-management and carry out family blood pressure monitoring.

If the blood pressure is not up to standard, it is recommended to measure blood pressure 1 time every morning and evening, 2-3 times each time, and continuously monitor for 7 days, and record the average blood pressure for 6 days for doctors' reference. If the blood pressure reaches the standard, you can measure 1 day blood pressure every week. If it is not suitable, you can measure it at any time.

At the same time, patients with hypertension should have a physical examination at least once a year to check blood sugar, blood lipid, liver and kidney function, coagulation function and other indicators, and should intervene as soon as possible if abnormalities are found.

In a word, hypertension needs long-term and comprehensive management, not only taking antihypertensive drugs for standardized treatment, but also exercising, eating and keeping regular work and rest. Winter has beckoned to us not far away. Patients with hypertension should take preventive measures to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.