Why Chaozhou is rich in citrus? What are the climate and soil conditions? What are the advantages of Chaozhou orange over other places?

Chaozhou orange is one of the famous fruit varieties in Chaoshan area, and it is also a common cooking raw material of Chaozhou cuisine. Chaozhou orange has been cultivated in Chaoshan area for a long time, with a history of 1300 years. Guo's Miscellaneous Notes in the Tide in the Ming Dynasty mentioned: "Citrus is the first fruit in the tide, which is sweet and fragrant, with less fat and stones, thick skin and delicious taste. There are two kinds, and the skin thickness is the best. " Chaozhou orange has three varieties, banana orange, barrel orange and snow orange. Among them, Butong Citrus is the most famous, which is the most abundant and best quality variety in China. Japanese citrus expert Tansaburo Tanaka praised Butong Citrus as "the best citrus in the Far East". However, the branches of citrus touching the barrel are long and straight. If the management measures are improper, the trees will be too vigorous and delay fruiting, and the leaves will fall easily in winter, and the fruits will be vulnerable to fruit sucking moths. Among Butong Citrus, the famous varieties are Butong Citrus and Yang No.2, whose fruits are flat, orange-red, beautiful, nutritious, crisp, sweet and sour, and have honey flavor. The maturity period is1late October to mid-February. Chaozhou orange is a common raw material of Chaozhou cuisine. There is a famous snack "Qiancui Orange" in Chaozhou cuisine, which is based on Chaozhou Tongguan orange. At present, Chaozhou paste orange sells well in the domestic market and many countries and regions such as Japan, Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

On the first day of the first month, Chaozhou oranges are usually exchanged with relatives and friends to show that both sides will have good luck in the coming year.

Chaoshan area has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. It is the hometown of fruits in the south, and you can smell the fruit fragrance echoing in the air all year round. Among all kinds of fruits, Chaozhou orange, known as the "citrus queen", is even more famous. Every winter festival, Chaozhou oranges are in season. In the citrus orchard in winter, golden citrus fruits hang among the green leaves like stars, showing charming pastoral scenery and adding a lot of poetry and painting to the Chaoshan Plain.

Chaozhou orange has three varieties, banana orange, barrel orange and snow orange. Among them, Butong Citrus is the most famous, with the largest fruit and the best quality among Chinese citrus varieties. Japanese citrus expert Tansaburo Tanaka praised Butong Citrus as "the best citrus in the Far East" and "the best wide-skinned citrus in the world". Touching a bucket of oranges, the fruit is huge, vermilion yellow, the skin is crisp and not sticky, the skin is easy to peel, the meat is crisp, the juice is multi-core, and the taste is as sweet as honey, so some people give it the reputation of "mandarin orange"; "Banana orange" is not as good as "bumping into a bucket", which has the characteristics of both citrus and orange. Slightly smaller in shape, bright red in color, sweet in taste, fragrant and refreshing, juicy in meat, high in yield and long in shelf life. "Snow Orange", also known as Snow Orange, has bright color, thick and juicy meat, sweet and slightly sour taste, and the peel is not easy to peel off, so it is suitable for cutting and sucking juice. Generally speaking, Chaozhou oranges have different varieties, but they are all delicious because of the same climate and soil, which are suitable for their growth.

Chaozhou orange is widely used in Chaoshan folk customs. Chaozhou orange is commonly known as "big orange", because it is bigger than orange, and orange is homophonic with Kyrgyzstan, which means "good luck" During the Spring Festival, chaozhou people has the custom of welcoming the New Year. People bring "good luck" (must be an even number) and good luck in the New Year, visit relatives and friends, exchange "good luck" and blessings, and wish each other "good luck". On the coffee table of every household, there is often a plate of red and green betel nuts (replaced by olives) and "Daji" to welcome guests and respect guests, which means "guests are auspicious". In wedding customs, besides sugar, there are noodles, gold and silver jewelry, cloth, cakes and so on. The bride price must also be "good luck" (it must be an even number), otherwise the originally happy marriage may be cancelled. "Good luck" is also a good fruit of worship. No matter whether you worship God in the temple or the landlord at home, besides chickens, ducks, sweets, rice fruits, flowers and candles, you must also have "good luck". Every year during the Lantern Festival, people also regard the "Daji" and other sacrifices placed in front of the altar as sacred objects. Both men and women who visited the shrine took sacrifices home, commonly known as "seeking happiness". People think that using these sacred objects can make the family safe and increase wealth.

To grow Chaozhou oranges well, the following problems must be solved.

First, we must have determination. Planting citrus is different from planting litchi, longan and other fruit trees. Young trees of litchi and longan can grow up gradually under relatively poor management conditions, while citrus requires higher management level, and diseases and insect pests such as red spider, leaf miner and Huanglongbing are seriously damaged, and the management is slightly poor, so it is easy to become small old trees, which is very difficult to restore. So when we decide to plant citrus, we must make up our minds to get economic benefits from it. We should not try, but give it timely satisfaction in terms of manpower and material resources after we decide to plant citrus.

Second, choose the right garden. Garden is the foundation of citrus growth in the future, and the environmental conditions, soil conditions, water conservancy conditions and traffic conditions of garden are the key factors for successful planting. The garden that is easy to be planted successfully should protect the surrounding ecological environment, without industrial and agricultural pollution sources, with fertile and deep soil, low groundwater level in paddy field, thick soil layer and hillside below 25 degrees. It has good irrigation and drainage conditions. In addition, citrus Huanglongbing is a highly contagious and destructive disease, and it is forbidden to build new orchards near the old citrus orchards with Huanglongbing.

The third is high-quality and healthy improved varieties and strong seedlings. After a lot of production practice, it is proved that the quality of citrus seedlings determines the difficulty of management and the production capacity of citrus orchards in the future. Therefore, planting high-quality and healthy seedlings is the fundamental guarantee for successful planting. Seedling quality is composed of the following factors: 1, seedling age, 1-2-year-old grafted seedlings, Miao Zhuang, with strong plasticity, easy recovery, simple management and good growth after planting. 2. The health level of seedlings is firstly disease-free seedlings without quarantine diseases and insect pests. The leaves of the seedlings are well preserved. In addition, when digging seedlings, we should protect the integrity of the root system, do as little damage to the root system as possible, and pay attention to moisturizing during transportation to prevent the seedlings from losing too much water and causing low survival rate and slow recovery after planting. The variety of seedlings includes two meanings. The first layer is pure variety, which is grafted from high-yield and high-quality fruit trees. The second is the optimization of the combination of rootstock and panicle.

Fourth, scientific management. This includes fertilizer, water, diseases, insects and crown management. Fertilizer management should overcome the prejudice of applying chemical fertilizer and ignoring the use of organic fertilizer. According to the introduction of experienced fruit farmers, citrus should be well managed. More than half of the total fertilizer application in the whole year is organic fertilizer, and the other half is topdressing in time according to the characteristics of citrus trees' fertilizer demand, so as to ensure balanced fertilizer supply for citrus trees throughout the year. In water management, irrigation and drainage should be done in time, and water should be used scientifically according to phenology and weather conditions. Give priority to disease prevention, establish a good orchard environment, use drugs in time, and reduce the delay of pests and diseases. Crown management should start with young trees, attach importance to wiping and controlling shoots, pressing branches and cultivating early high-yield crowns.