What are the precautions for free-range laying hens in woodland?

Free-range laying hens mainly feed on wild insects, grass seeds, tree seeds and pure grain. The eggs produced are delicious, pure green and pollution-free, and are safe and secure, which are favored by consumers. Generally, the egg price of free-range laying hens in mountain farms is higher than that of chicken farms raised in pure houses 1/3, and it is even more than twice as high during traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Yixianshan farm covers a vast area. In recent years, laying hens breeding in mountain farms has become a good way for farmers in mountainous areas of yi county to get rid of poverty and become rich. According to the practical experience of free-range laying hens in mountain farms in our county in recent years, on the basis of extensive investigation and summary, the author briefly introduces how to master the feeding management technology of free-range laying hens in mountain farms as follows:

First, the principle of mountain chicken house location

(1) Leeward and sunny, with high and dry terrain, good drainage and quiet environment; ② The soil should have good water permeability, especially sandy soil; (3) The water quantity is sufficient to ensure water supply in all seasons and the water quality is pollution-free; (4) Power, communication and transportation are convenient, and the distance between the henhouse and the traffic trunk line is not less than 500m.

Second, the scale of farming.

Farmers can be determined according to their actual mountain area, family economic situation and labor situation. For families with good economic conditions and one or two laborers, the appropriate breeding scale is 500 ~ 1000, and 60 ~ 80 hens per mu are raised in mountain farms, which can not only ensure the free movement and food intake of laying hens, but also effectively prevent the mountain farms from destroying vegetation due to excessive food intake by chickens. At the same time, it can ensure good economic benefits and facilitate daily feeding management. However, for families with large farms, idle labor and very good economic conditions in mountainous areas, the scale of farming can be appropriately expanded according to the actual situation to obtain greater economic benefits.

Third, cultivate varieties.

Mainly choose high-quality powder shell laying hens, such as B4, Blue Ocean, Yakang, Roman powder, etc. This kind of high-quality layer has the characteristics of laying more eggs, high uniformity and easy management under the same free-range conditions in the mountain field. Compared with raising local chickens, the quality of eggs is better and the economic benefits are more significant.

Fourth, feeding management.

(1) Feeding and management of chicks (0-6 weeks old)

Because chicks have the characteristics of imperfect body temperature regulation, fast growth, vigorous metabolism, small stomach volume, weak digestive ability, poor disease resistance and sociality. Therefore, we must pay attention to the following aspects in feeding management:

1. Hygienic disinfection before entering the chicken. Seven days before entering the henhouse, the inside and outside of the henhouse should be thoroughly cleaned, and the ground should be soaked in 1% ~ 2% caustic soda water for 2 hours and then rinsed with clean water; Chicken coops and brooding rooms were fumigated and disinfected with potassium permanganate and formalin for 24 hours. Then, open all doors and windows, and after 5-7 days, exhaust the harmful residual gas before entering the chicken (note: put the cleaned and dried feeding trough and drinking fountain into the brooding room in advance, and fumigate and disinfect it with the brooding room).

2. chicken house temperature. The appropriate temperature is 33 ~ 35℃ in the first week, and then it will drop to 65438 0℃ every two days, 2 ~ 3℃ every week, and 22 ~ 25℃ after five weeks. The brooding room should be preheated 24 hours before the chickens enter (except in hot season) in order to reach the required temperature of chicks in advance.

3. light. There are two main effects of light on chicks, one is light time, and the other is light intensity.

(1) illumination time. The illumination time is 23-24 hours in the first three days of brooding, and then it is reduced by 3 hours every week until it is naturally illuminated.

② light intensity. In the first week of brooding, use a 40-watt light bulb, 3 meters and 2 meters from the ground; After the second week, switch to a 25-watt light bulb with a light intensity of 3 watts/square meter.

4. Feeding density. 1 ~ 10 days old, 60 ~ 50/m2; 1 1 ~ 20 days old, 40 ~ 30/m2; 3 1 ~ 40 days old, 30 ~ 20/m2; 4 1 ~ 60 days old, 20 ~15/m2; 60 ~ 90 days old, 10 ~ 8/m2.

5. Drink water and feed. Chickens drink water before feeding.

(1) drinking water. Chickens that have been transported for a long time can drink water after entering the brooding room for a short rest. The general water temperature is 18 ~ 22℃. In order to reduce the stress reaction during transportation, you can drink 5% glucose water; Antibiotics (such as anthrax and norfloxacin). ) Add it to drinking water two weeks before brooding, and drink it continuously for five days to prevent pullorum.

② Feeding. Generally, it is carried out 2 ~ 3 hours after drinking water, and the feeding time is 24 ~ 36 hours after hatching, and the longest is no more than 48 hours. Chickens had better use complete pellet feed, which is nutritious and easy to peck and digest. If powder feed is used, the feed should be wet before feeding, or the millet can be fed wet for the first three days, and then replaced with full-price feed. When feeding, use a tray or white paper for the first 3 days, the larger the area, the better, and then switch to a feeder. Feed once every two hours for the first three days, with a small amount of frequent feeding. With the increase of chicken age, the number of feeding times per day is reduced to 4 ~ 6 times. At the age of 3 days, we should pay attention to picking out the weak chicks who can't eat and drink in time, and teach them to drink and feed one by one to improve the survival rate.

6. Epidemic prevention. 7 ~ 8 days old, 28 days old, Newcastle disease ⅱ or ⅳ strain nasal drops and eye drops; 14-day-old, 28-day-old, drinking water to immunize attenuated chicken bursal disease vaccine; At the age of 34 days, drinking water was used to immunize virulent vaccines such as bursa of fabricius. After each immunization, electrolytic multivitamins can be properly added to feed or drinking water to reduce the stress reaction of chickens.