Xin Qiji's "White Hair" deceives people with the poems of poets in the Tang Dynasty and expresses the author's feelings.

This poem expresses the poet's ambition to turn the tide and serve the country at the critical moment of national peril. The whole poem is gloomy and full of Du Fu flavor. The first two couplets are lyrical on the spot, and the poet painted a desolate and colorful picture of misty rain and autumn rain. The faint smoke hangs over the maple leaves, the drizzle floats through the flowers, flocks of geese board the river, and the plaintive cicadas reverberate on the walls, which is really picturesque and poetic. Poets who were forced to resign and retire from Wenshan could not help expressing their anguish and grievances. In the second half, he turned to lyricism, first using "young people don't work hard, old people are sad" to express the resentment of being hit, and then telling the pain of hard-earned ambitions. The tail couplet stood steeply, swept away the gloomy clouds and turned into a magnificent song, and bluntly issued a cry of "husband must be strong and fight." . The main points of poetry appreciation skills;

Appreciation Rhetoric: Revealing Practice+Expression Appreciation Function Analysis (Fear+Context+Keynote Emotion)

Expression: Syria Syria (introduction)+(description)+What is love?

Expression of appreciation: practice+expression function (sentence meaning+context+theme emotion)

1。

The main terms of poetry appreciation in style: is this the most appropriate and vivid word? Why?

Proposition variant: always praise sweet words. Do you think this is a good one?

Answer analysis: the ancients should pay attention to accuracy when writing poems. This type of activity requires a temper to taste these beautiful words. The answer cannot combine talking about this word and sentence in isolation with the emotion and emotional analysis of this poem.

2。 Appreciate the important speech of this poem

Proposition: What is the special or profound meaning of this poem?

Propositional variables: This poem is the most expressive. Try to analyze it briefly.

Answer analysis: first explain the literal meaning of the poem with clear lines, and then analyze it in detail through the thoughts, feelings or deduction of language characteristics.

3。

Propositional way to appreciate the writing skills of poetry, an expression of poetry?

Proposition variation: analyze the expressive skills (or artistic techniques or practices) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What is the result? Of course, there will be some more specific questions to ask in artistic practice in various places. More specific questions, relatively speaking, more likely answers.

Answer: You must be familiar with some expressions, a means for poets to express their feelings, and answer accurately.

4。 The poetic language function of appreciation

Style question: Is there anything special about the language of this poem?

Variant of Proposition: An Analysis of the Language Style (Language Art) of this poem.

Answer analysis: this kind of activity does not rely on clever requirements to try to figure out a single word, but to taste the language style and the meaning of the whole poem or a poem (special meaning, profound meaning, such as contextual meaning and emotional meaning).

Words can be used to answer the general: fresh and natural, unpretentious, depressed and frustrated, gorgeous and gorgeous, easy to understand, the spoken language used is euphemistic and implicit, the style is bold and unconstrained, elegant and concise, vivid and vivid. ......

5. Poetry appreciation of thoughts and feelings

Proposition: What emotion does this poem express?

Propositional variation: the theme of this poem, the meaning of this poem, and how to understand it.

Answer: For this type of activity, you want to taste a poem that expresses emotion or meaning (special meaning, profound meaning, such as context, artistic conception and meaning).

In other words, you can use the general answer: dream, to keep those dissatisfied girls who serve the country away from the concept of homelessness, loyalty and patriotism.

Inventory knowledge

Images in ancient poems

flower

(1) Chrysanthemum: quiet, noble and exquisite.

(2) Plum blossoms are proud of snow and are strong and unyielding in adversity.

(3) Lan: noble.

(4) Peony: rich and beautiful.

(5) Xiaomi: Xiaomi feels sorry for himself (Guo fell today)

(6) Flowers: I hope brilliant youth and life.

(7), falling flowers: death, depression, life, career setbacks, cherish spring, miss beautiful things, to remember.

(8) Grass: desolate and powerful vitality and hope of prosperity, remote control, away from hate, humble.

Life trajectory is an eternal cycle, the ultimate starting point.

The courage, self-motivation, step by step, and sense of responsibility to pay attention to things like the torch are a bright light.

tree

The advantages of (1) tree, life ups and downs, smooth sailing.

(2) Yellow leaves wither, beauty withers and metabolism.

(3) Green leaves: vitality, hope, the vitality of pine trees and conifers.

(4): strong, proud, powerful and full of vitality.

(5) Bamboo: Honest and proactive.

(6) India: miserable

(7) Liu: Farewell, nostalgia, sadness and beautiful spring.

Wu Yunyun

(1) Wave: There are ups and downs in life.

(2) Dongfeng: Spring is beautiful.

(3) Spring breeze: broad-minded, happy and full of hope.

(4) Lu: Life in a hurry is easy to die.

(5): Depression, sadness and loneliness

(6) Rough waves: the risk of life and the vagaries of rivers and lakes.

(7) Wind: Rebellion, the power to destroy the old world.

(8) West wind: lonely and melancholy, rotten, wandering, homesick.

(9) Snow: pure, beautiful and harsh environment, the evil force is rampant.br/>( 10) Xiaoyu: spring is beautiful, and I hope to instill a youthful, energetic and subtle style.

(1 1): gloomy, disappointed, confused about the future, slim, frustrated and disappointed.

(12) rainstorm: cruelty, passion, political struggle, the power to eliminate evils, the power to clean up dirt,

(13) first frost: perishable past lives, harsh social environment, rampant evil forces, frustrations on the bumpy road of life br/> (14) Rivers: the passage of time, the shortness of time, the lingering sadness, the historical trend.

animal

Color class

(1) White: Pure red funeral.

(2) Enthusiasm, youth and green happiness.

(4) Blue: elegant and melancholy.

(5) Yellow: warm and peaceful.

(6) Purple: noble, country

No one will jump on you unless you bend down yourself.

A picture of success, a confident brushwork description.

Other types

(1) hero: the feeling of pursuing shame

(2) contempt, ambition, introspection and flogging of villains.

(3) Historic sites: nostalgia, the decline of Xi 'an prosperity (China) and the decline of the Great Depression (generally, historic sites are closely related to the ancients).

(4) the vast life realm of grassland and human mind.

(5) fairyland: elegant, beautiful, clean, forget the customs.

(6) Heaven and Earth: The insignificance of human life, in a short period of time, is an open-minded and lonely feeling.

(7) country: homesickness, tiredness, pastoral, life breath, pure and beautiful, the most delicious.

(8) City (city): prosperous, lively, rich and luxurious.

(9) Dawn: Early Hope

(10) Chaoyang: Hope, full of energy, full of energy.

(1 1) Sunset: Forgetting, depression, cherishing the beauty of the late night, but life is short.

(12): sadness and nostalgia

language

If the test sites involved in this part of the poem are accurate, rhyming, metrical (rhyming, antithesis, etc. ), all the patterns and allusions. Here, we refine the original words of the article beyond what we said.

1。 To be exact. Poetry is a highly concentrated art, which has been attached great importance by poets of all ages. If accurate, it is a "poetic eye". Generally speaking, it refers to the second word of five words to the third word, the seventh and fifth words, and the last and fourth words, "eyes". In fact, "eyes" are not limited to the waist, knees and feet in key poems. Verbs and adjectives are important parts of poetry, while other words, such as nouns, adverbs and quantifiers, are often thought-provoking.

Some special forms of words, such as reduplication, onomatopoeia, image nouns, etc., often show special effects: reduplication can improve the sense of rhythm of language or highlight the vivid image of onomatopoeia. It gives people the feeling that many nouns and images combine to produce a certain emotion.

2。 For the vast majority of poetry, to be exact, only a part is to temper language. If we only emphasize accuracy, we will fall into the misunderstanding of "no literature", and the poet's poems also attach great importance to tempering and even writing. "Detailed rules" should include rhythm training and overall language style.

The overall function of language, including the characteristics of sentences or whole chapters of language. This simple poetic style, like the Korean laborers' language, is straightforward, (implicitly) euphemistic, fresh, concise, bright, natural, elegant, quiet, grand, bold, powerful, broad-minded, solemn, desolate, melancholy, deep, slow and concise. It should be pointed out that every poet has his own style, which may be different from the poet's style.

3。 It should be noted that the abnormal poetic language, poetry to express thoughts and feelings must rely on a very stingy language shell, but also phonetic distortion, to meet the needs of non-verbal language and grammatical distortion in China's poetry: changing the part of speech, reversing the word order, omitting sentence components, and its main purpose is to create artistic imagination and re-create space for readers. These places are often the focus of the college entrance examination. It is necessary to master some changes in speeches and restore the characters in inverted sentences, so as to grasp the true intention and emotional focus of the poet, and the blank left by the poet is full of imagination and association. Law will quickly enter the understandable language and poetry organization under the background of poetry.

If someone gives me a maple leaf, I will also give him his whole maple leaf.

If you abandon the principle today, you will be abandoned by time tomorrow.

The expressive skills of poetry refer to the expressive skills used to carry out and appreciate poetry. Attention should be paid to the following aspects: narrative poetry is mainly about description, discussion and lyricism.

The expression of 1 Ancient poetry, description and lyricism are two common expressions, which are the focus of examination.

2。 Lyric way

Direct lyricism and indirect lyricism are two ways of indirect lyricism, namely, lyrical scene, emotional scene (scene blending, scene contrast, financial situation is king), child care, strict treatment, and the typical lyrical narrative lyricism of Jiegufengjin. In general, what the king writes and expresses. Personal music expresses sadness in order to improve the degree of sadness.

3。 Expression .../> Rendering, contrast (including positive contrast and contrast), line drawing, suspense, stimulation, association and imagination are automatically written into the static brocade (nouns are listed). Combined with the actual situation, he wanted to praise the apartment first, but he felt the same way, made the finishing point, saw the big picture from the small, reversed the word order and managed it on the spot.

4。

The common chapter structure is not only caring, straight to the point, but also depth and relationship. First, the logistics service department is divided into chapters of life and death, pointing fingers, connecting, bedding, bedding and caring.

& gt

5。 material balance

The degree of detail, personality, etc. Primary and secondary schools. Materials constitute the flesh and blood of the article, and the emphasis and choice of materials often reflect the author's intention.

6。

Rhetoric Rhetoric means: double metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, contrast, repeatedly asking such questions, intertextuality code, symbolic lighting, sustenance and so on. In practice, all kinds of rhetoric often cross together.

The ideological content of four poems

/& gt； 1。 The thoughts and feelings of poetry *

(1) infatuation with injury

Expose the folly and depravity of rulers. : Du Mu's "Hua Qing Jueju III"

Reflection of confusion and pain: Du Fu's Spring Day.

The pain of a compassionate person. Du Fu's "thatched cottage was destroyed in the autumn wind, selling charcoal weng for nothing".

Concerned about the future and destiny of the country: Du Fu's Upstairs.

(2) having rendered meritorious service to the country.

The desire to make a contribution. Cao Cao: "Although the turtle died, the book Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was angry." BR/>； The determination to defend the country. : Wang Changling's Military Action.

Sad, serve the country. : The ugly slave in "Eternal Meeting in Jingkou Pavilion", the teenager doesn't know the taste of sorrow.

The pain of the decline of mountains and rivers. Lu's Children in the Spring and Autumn Period and Wen Tianxiang's Lingdingyang.

I have loved, and my ambition is hard to reward. Such as: Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia.

The coming flowers are in front of us. Give it a drop of water and it will bloom more beautifully.

Light the fire of faith. Today and tomorrow will be brilliant.

The exposed ruler is militaristic. Du Fu's Military Vehicle Shop.

Sadness with unknown ideals. Qu Yuan's River.

(3) Homesick people

The sadness of roaming. For example, Meng Haoran's Flowers at Night and Wen's Shangshan are long gone. "

Missing relatives and friends: Wang Wei's "Shandong September 9 Brothers" and Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi".

Frontier homesickness. For example, Fan Zhongyan's fisherman Orsay's farewell to autumn scenery. " BR/>；

Boudoir pregnancy. Such as: Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart, Ouyang Xiu's Walking on Shakespeare, and Li Bai's Midnight Song Wu.

(4) the miscellaneous feelings of life BR/> Love mountains and rivers, and enjoy leisure in the countryside. The Mountain on an Autumn Night by Wang Wei, and The Village for the Aged by Meng Haoran.

Take this bad feeling with you. Such as: Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow, Liu Yuxi Wuyi Lane.

Feelings of making friends with the past. : Ji "Yong Yu Le Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia".

The fleeting sorrow of youth. : Li Qingzhao dreams.

Career setbacks. : Bai Juyi's Pipa, Su Shi's Water Tune.

Comfort the happiness in his life. For example, Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" and Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" show that the civilian army captured Henan and Hebei.

(5) Changting farewell

Unwilling and nostalgic part. Such as: Yulinling by Liu Yong and Don't Leave Weicheng District of Jinling, Jiu Si by Li Bai.

Song Long's encouragement. "Send Du to Shu as an official"

Call a spade a spade and try to express your feelings. For example, Wang Changling's Lotus Inn and Newly Built Parting.

2。 The problems that should be paid attention to when evaluating, the ideological content of the work

(1) Understand the writer's life, thoughts and creative style, and help them understand and grasp the content of his works. For example, Xin Qiji, who was at the forefront of the struggle against Staphylococcus aureus, then went south and was rejected and hit by the capitulators. Therefore, most of their words recall their past lives in full swing, or express their anger, style, unruly and sadness when serving the country.

(2) Understanding the style of an era is also helpful to accurately grasp the literary works of this era. For example, the national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, and most of the intellectuals who joined the army were high-spirited and heroic, especially their poems transcended the frontier of the Great Wall. Despite the harsh environment, their deep yearning for their hometown and relatives made them more angry and strengthened their determination to defend the country against the enemies of * * *, thus stirring up the style and emotion of their poems. Very different, from the poor and weak national strength to the decline of the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, without the weather of the Tang Dynasty, the intellectuals described were heroic, a little more desolate, majestic and a little more national subjugation.

(3) Many ancient poems have a long preface and time to create some descriptions, but after the creation of some descriptions, the creation of some narrative backgrounds, the emotional tone laid by the whole work, and the understanding of the ideological content of the work are also essential, so it cannot be ignored.

(4) The thoughts and feelings of most projects are not single, and many complicated emotions may be intertwined. What needs special attention is the course, and readers can sometimes create the original drama on the basis of imagination. A writer's overall creative direction and style are generally fixed, but it does not rule out the existence of special cases of personal works. Li Qingzhao and Xin have their own creative styles.