Journal 2 Geography Geography Please answer in detail, thank you! (30 14:27:38)

Geography is a memorizing subject that emphasizes daily accumulation. There is no use in improvising. I will give you an outline of junior high school geography knowledge (I think you don’t need to recite it at the first stage) The knowledge in books should be based on some concepts exam questions):

1. From the east and west hemispheres, it is located in the eastern hemisphere, and from the northern and southern hemispheres, it is located in the northern hemisphere.

2. From the perspective of the continents and oceans, it is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean in eastern Asia.

3. From the perspective of latitude, most of it is located in the mid-latitude area and belongs to the north temperate zone. A small part in the south is located in the tropics and there is no cold zone.

4. my country’s land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, second only to Russia and Canada

5. my country’s land border is more than 20,000 kilometers long , there are 15 neighboring countries.

6. The coastline of my country’s mainland is more than 18,000 kilometers long, and there are 6 countries across the sea from my country, namely Japan, South Korea, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia

7. The oceans bordering our country from north to south are the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea.

8. The Bohai Sea has my country's largest salt field, Changlu Salt Field, and the East China Sea has my country's largest fishing ground, Zhoushan Fishing Ground.

9. The country’s administrative regions are basically divided into three levels: province, county and township.

10. There are 34 provincial-level administrative regions in my country, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative regions.

11. Our country’s total population is 1.295 billion, which is characterized by a large population base and a large population growth rate.

12. Our government regards the implementation of family planning as a basic national policy.

13. my country's population is unevenly distributed. The eastern region has a high population density, especially along the southeastern coast, while the western region has a low population density.

14. my country’s population dividing line is from Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province to Tengchong City, Yunnan Province.

15. Henan Province is the most populous province in my country and Xinjiang Province is the largest in area.

16. Among the various ethnic groups in our country, the Han has the largest population, and the Zhuang has the largest population among the ethnic minorities.

17. The Han people are distributed all over the country, with the most concentration in the east and central areas. The ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast regions.

18 The distribution of each civil society has the characteristics of large miscellaneous gatherings and small concentration.

20. Our country implements regional ethnic autonomy in areas where various ethnic minorities live together, establishes autonomous organs, and establishes autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, ethnic townships, etc.

21. The terrain in western my country is mostly Mainly mountains, plateaus, and basins, while the east is dominated by plains and hills. The terrain features are higher in the west and lower in the east, with a ladder-like distribution.

22. The first step, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is located in the southwest, with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters. It is known as the roof of the world.

23 The dividing line between the first and second steps is Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain, and Hengduan Mountain, and the dividing line between the second and third steps is Daxinganling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan, and Xuefeng Mountain. < /p>

The three major plains are the Northeast Plain, the North China Plain, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain.

25. The characteristics of the Loess Plateau are loose texture, severe soil erosion and crisscross ravines in areas lacking vegetation coverage. The characteristics of the Inner Mongolia Plateau are flat ground and endless horizon. The characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are widespread glaciers. The characteristics of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau The ground is rough and uneven.

26. Common natural disasters in mountainous areas are collapses, landslides, and mudslides.

27. When developing and utilizing mountainous areas, special attention should be paid to ecological environment construction.

28. Mountainous areas include mountains, rugged plateaus and hills, accounting for approximately 50% of the country's land area.

29. In winter, the temperature between the north and the south of my country is very different. In summer, most places have generally high temperatures.

The 0℃ isotherm in March 30 and January is roughly distributed along the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line.

31. The coldest place in winter is Mohe, Heilongjiang, and the hottest place in summer is Turpan, Xinjiang.

32. Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are known as the “three major furnaces” in my country.

33. my country is divided into five temperature zones from north to south: cold temperate zone, mid-temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone, and tropical zone. There is also a plateau climate zone with high ground and cold weather and a vast area.

34 The main indicator for dividing temperature zones is active accumulated temperature.

35. The general trend of annual precipitation in my country is to decrease from the southeastern coast to the northwest inland.

36 The place with the most precipitation in my country is Huoshaoliao in Taiwan, and the place with the least precipitation is Tuokxun in the Turpan Basin.

37. The comparative relationship between precipitation and evaporation in a place reflects the humidity of the climate there.

38. The division of wet and dry areas is based on the degree of dryness and humidity of the climate. The four dry and wet areas in my country are humid areas, semi-humid areas, semi-arid areas and arid areas.

39. The main reason for the large temperature difference between the north and south of my country is the latitude position and the winter monsoon.

40. The dividing line between the monsoon area and the non-monsoon area is the Daxingan Mountains, Yinshan Mountains, Helan Mountains and Bayanka Mountains. Lashan and Gangdise Mountains

42. The biggest advantage of the monsoon climate is that rain and heat occur at the same time, but it will bring some disastrous weather such as cold waves, floods, droughts, and typhoons.

43. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in my country, mainly comes from the melted ice and snow of Kunlong Mountain and Tianshan Mountain. Outflow rivers such as the Yangtze River mainly come from natural precipitation.

44. The longest and earliest man-made river in the world is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

45. The Yellow River originates from the Bayan Har Mountains and flows into the Bohai Sea.

46. The Ningxia Plain is known as "the south of the Yangtze River".

47. The boundary between the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is Hekou, and the boundary between the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is Mengjin.

48. The river bed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River gradually rises and becomes an "above-ground river"

49. After the Yellow River flows through the middle reaches, it produces the most sediment. The terrain is the Loess Plateau

50. The Yangtze River originates from the Tanggula Mountains and flows into the East China Sea. It is the longest river in my country with the largest water volume and the widest drainage area. It has a "treasure house of water energy" and a "golden waterway" ”

51. Yichang is the boundary between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and Hukou is the boundary between the middle reaches and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

52. The hydropower resources of the Yangtze River are mainly concentrated in the upper reaches. Yibin city and below are navigable in all seasons.

53. The Jingjiang River is known as the "Nine-winding Ileum". The management measures for this section of the river are to cut the bends and straighten them.

54. The three main sources in the plain area of ??the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the trunk and tributaries above Yichang, the two major water systems of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, and the Han River in the north.

55. For renewable resources, if they are used rationally and pay attention to protection and cultivation, sustainable use can be achieved. For non-renewable resources, we should cherish and use them sparingly.

56. my country’s natural resources are characterized by abundant total amount but insufficient per capita.

57. According to the purpose of land and the status of land utilization, land resources are divided into cultivated land, forest land, grassland and construction land.

58. my country’s per capita land resource occupancy is small, and the proportion of various types of land resources is not reasonable. Mainly, there is less cultivated land, more forest land, and insufficient land that is difficult to use, especially reserve land resources and The conflict between people and cultivated land is particularly prominent.

59. my country’s cultivated land and forestland are mainly distributed in the eastern monsoon region with a humid climate, and grassland is mainly distributed in the western inland areas where the average annual precipitation is less than 400 mm.

60. The phenomena of man-made destruction of land resources include soil erosion, land desertification, and arbitrary occupation of cultivated land.

61. A basic national policy of land resources is to cherish and rationally utilize every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land.

62. Ocean water accounts for 97% of the water on the earth, and freshwater resources account for 2.5%.

63. Most of the freshwater resources on the earth are glaciers in the poles and mountains. Most of the rest is deep groundwater. The freshwater resources currently used by humans are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater.

64. my country’s total water resources are less than those of Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States and Indonesia, ranking 6th in the world. If calculated on a per capita basis, it is only 1/4 of the world average.

65. From the perspective of time distribution, precipitation is concentrated in the summer season and less in the winter and spring seasons. Measures to effectively control seasonal changes in runoff and water volume are required to build reservoirs;

66. From the perspective of spatial distribution, my country’s water resources are abundant in the south and in shortage in the north, especially in North China and Northwest China. Water shortage conditions. One of the effective ways to solve the uneven regional distribution of water resources is to transfer water across river basins.

67. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to transfer water from the Yangtze River system to North China and Northwest China, where water shortages are serious.

68. In view of the serious shortage of water resources in our country, water conservation is particularly important.

69. The “pioneer” of economic development is transportation.

70. Historically, the four famous “rice markets” in my country are Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Changsha.

71. Railway transportation is the most important mode of transportation in our country.

72. Valuable or urgently needed goods, but the quantity is not large, are mostly transported by air.

73. Goods that are susceptible to death or deterioration are mostly transported by road.

74. For bulk and heavy goods that need to be transported over long distances, water transport and railway transport are generally used.

75. The agricultural production departments include planting, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery.

76. Agriculture is the basic main industry that supports the construction of the national economy and development of the people.

77. Natural grasslands are widely distributed in the western region. There are four major pastoral areas in my country: Inner Mongolia Pastoral Areas, Qinghai Pastoral Areas, Xinjiang Pastoral Areas and Tibet Pastoral Areas.

78. Forestry is concentrated in the northeast, southwest and southeast regions. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the areas with the most extensive freshwater fisheries in my country.

79. Among the food crops, rice and wheat were announced to be in a "southern rice and northern wheat" pattern.

80. Oil production has formed two major production areas: the Yangtze River rape belt and the Huanghuai peanut area.

81. Sugar crops show an obvious distribution characteristic of "sweet in the south and sweet in the north".

82. Cotton production is mainly in the north, forming three major cotton regions: southern Xinjiang, the Yellow River Basin, and the Yangtze River Basin.

83. Industry is the leading industry of the national economy.

84. Zhongguancun in Beijing is the earliest high-tech experimental zone established in my country.

85. Main characteristics of high-tech industry 1. Among the employees, scientific and technical personnel account for a large proportion. 2. A large proportion of sales revenue is spent on research and development, 3. Product updates are fast.

86. The high-tech industry is the "leading" industry with electronics and information as its main industries.

87. my country’s high-tech industrial development zones are mostly located in large cities, showing a distribution pattern of large dispersion and small concentration.

88. To develop agriculture according to local conditions, we must take into account the differences in the natural environment on the one hand, and the constraints of social and economic conditions on the other.

1． Beijing is located on the northern edge of the North China Plain, backed by mountains and facing the Bohai Sea. The climate type is temperate monsoon climate

2. Beijing's urban functions are the country's political and cultural center and international exchange center.

3. The terrain of Beijing and surrounding areas is characterized by high terrain in the west and north and low terrain in the east and south.

4. For example, Beijing is the cultural center of our country: it has the highest concentration of colleges and universities, numerous sports venues, various museums, and many national-level literary and artistic groups...

5. Since the Liao Dynasty, how has the urban site of Beijing changed spatially? It has expanded to the surrounding areas. The relationship between the change of the city site and the water source is that it is close to the water source.

6. The layout of Beijing's old city is a "convex" axis-shaped pattern, and the buildings in the city are arranged in a chessboard shape.

7. Hong Kong is located on the east side of the Pearl River Estuary and consists of three parts: Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories and their surrounding islands. Hong Kong has many mountains and little flat land. The way to expand urban land is to "go up to the sky" - build high-rise buildings, and "go down to the sea" - reclaim land and sea.

8． Macau consists of the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island.

9. Hong Kong and Macao are areas with high (high or low) population density. The tertiary industry is developed.

10． Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, financial center, information service center and tourism center. An important pillar industry in Macau's economic development is gaming tourism.

11. The economic cooperation between Hong Kong and the Mainland has complementary advantages and is mutually beneficial. The Mainland's advantages are: abundant and cheap natural resources and labor resources. Hong Kong’s advantages are: rich capital, technology, talents and management experience. 80% of Hong Kong's industry has been transferred to the mainland, and the mainland trades with other parts of the world through Hong Kong, a free trade port.

12. Taiwan consists of Taiwan Island, as well as many nearby small islands such as the Penghu Islands and the Diaoyu Islands.

13. The largest island in my country is Taiwan Island, which borders the East China Sea to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the South China Sea to the south. It faces Fujian Province across the Taiwan Strait to the west. The Tropic of Cancer passes through central and southern Taiwan.

14. Taiwan Island has a subtropical and tropical monsoon climate (type). The main agricultural products it produces include rice, sugar cane, tea, fruits, etc., mainly distributed in the western plains, because the terrain here is flat and the climate is warm and humid.

15. Taiwan's forests are mainly distributed in the central mountains. Taiwan's forests are rich in tree species because it is located in the tropics and subtropics. The mountains have high altitudes and large vertical changes in climate.

16. Taiwan is known as my country's "Southeast Salt Bank" because it is rich in sea salt, and the west coast produces a large amount of salt. The reason is that there is relatively little precipitation and the beaches are flat and vast.

17. Taiwan's industries are mainly located in Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Taichung.

18． The characteristics of Taiwan's population and urban distribution are that most of them are located in the western plains. The reason is that it has a long history of development, flat terrain and convenient transportation.

19. The changing characteristics of Taiwan's three types of industrial structure: the primary industry accounts for an increasingly smaller proportion, the secondary industry increased before 1985, and then showed a downward trend, and the tertiary industry accounts for an increasing proportion, indicating that Taiwan's economy is now dominated by the third industry. Mainly the three industries.

20． The largest province in my country is Xinjiang, which is a multi-ethnic area inhabited by Uyghurs and Hans.

21． The topographic characteristics of Xinjiang can be described in five words: “three mountains sandwiched by two basins”.

22. The population of Xinjiang is mainly distributed in oases, and the water source of the oases comes from mountain precipitation and ice and snow meltwater.

23． The main characteristic of the distribution of population, cities and transportation facilities in the Tarim Basin is that it is located on the edge of the basin because of the distribution of oases and sufficient water resources

24. The areas most prone to desertification are the edge areas of oasis. People should pay attention to protecting vegetation, rationally utilizing water resources, and preventing land desertification and salinization when producing and living here.

25． The favorable natural conditions for the development of agricultural production in Xinjiang are high temperatures in summer, sufficient sunlight, and a large temperature difference between day and night. Xinjiang’s characteristic agricultural products are cotton, sugar beet, and various fruits.

26. The reason why Xinjiang’s melons and fruits are brightly colored is that there is sufficient heat and strong sunlight in summer. The reason why melons and fruits are particularly sweet is that the large temperature difference between day and night in summer is conducive to the accumulation of sugar. The reason for the high-quality cotton production area is the hot and dry climate in summer and stable irrigation water source.

27. The relationship between the digging of karez and the local natural environment. Groundwater is abundant in the foothills. The purpose of digging karez is to reduce evaporation and adapt to the local arid natural environment.

28． Xinjiang and other western regions promote some advanced agricultural technologies mainly to address the lack of local water resources.

29. Xinjiang is rich in oil and natural gas (mineral) resources, and the natural gas in the Tarim Basin accounts for 22% of the country's total onshore natural gas resources.

30. The implementation of the West-East Gas Transmission Project will benefit the eastern region by alleviating the energy shortage problem in the eastern region. Natural gas is a clean energy source and is very beneficial to the environmental improvement of the eastern region.

Outline of final geography review questions

1. my country’s geographical location and its characteristics:

●Latitude location and advantages: my country’s territory spans a wide range of latitudes from north to south , most of them are located in mid-latitudes and belong to the (north temperate) zone, a small part is in the (tropical zone), and there is no (cold zone). The climate difference is large, which provides favorable conditions for the development of (a variety of agricultural economies).

●Sea and land location and advantages: (1) Located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, the vast area in eastern my country has abundant precipitation (under the influence of the summer monsoon moist airflow) , conducive to (agricultural) production; (2) With both land and sea, the eastern region is conducive to friendly exchanges with (overseas countries); the western region (deep into the Eurasian continent) enables my country's land transportation to communicate with (Central Asia, West Asia, and Europe) countries Direct exchanges facilitate external exchanges and cooperation (3) There are many excellent harbors along the coast, which facilitate development (marine undertakings).

●my country’s territory area (9.6 million square kilometers) ranks third in the world after (Russia) and (Canada). There are 14 neighboring countries on land. Counterclockwise, they are North Korea, (Russia), (Mongolia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, (India), Nepal, Bhutan, (Myanmar), (Laos), and Vietnam. The land boundary is more than 20,000 kilometers. There are 6 countries facing each other across the sea: South Korea, (Japan), Philippines, (Malaysia), Brunei, (Indonesia).

2. my country’s population

●Total population: (1.295) billion in 2000.

●The outstanding characteristics of my country’s population are: large population base and rapid population growth.

●Characteristics of population distribution in my country: Population distribution (uneven), bounded by the line Heihe in Heilongjiang and Tengchong in Yunnan, the population density in the (eastern) region is high, and the population density in the (western) region is small. (The western region of my country has a sparse population but rich resources. What issues should be paid attention to when developing the western region? The western region has resource advantages, but the natural environment is relatively fragile. Under the current conditions where the contradiction between people, land, water and soil is quite acute , the development of the western region must be based on environmental protection and cannot be developed first and then managed)

●National population policy: Implement family planning.

●Content: Control the population quantity and improve the quality of the population

3. my country’s ethnic groups

●There are *** (56) ethnic groups in our country, among which the population The largest population is the (Han) ethnic group, and the most populous among the ethnic minorities is the (Zhuang) ethnic group.

●Distribution characteristics of the Han nationality: The Han nationality is distributed throughout the country, with the highest concentrations in (central) and (eastern).

●Distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities: Mainly concentrated in (Northeast), (Northwest), (Southwest). The largest ethnic minority population is the Zhuang ethnic group. Distribution characteristics of ethnic groups: (large mixed settlements, small settlements).

●Ethnic minority customs:

The Naadam Convention of the (Mongolian) ethnic group

The Water Splashing Festival and Peacock Dance of the (Dai ethnic group),

(Tibetan) group dance, Tibetan New Year,

(Korean) long drum dance, etc.

4. my country’s terrain

●Characteristics of my country’s terrain: (complex and diverse terrain, vast mountainous area)

●Attention should be paid to the development and protection of mountainous areas What are the problems:

(1) The ground in mountainous areas is relatively rugged, (traffic) is inconvenient, and (infrastructure) construction is more difficult.

(2) When developing and utilizing mountainous areas, special attention must be paid to (ecological environment construction) to prevent and avoid mountain disasters (such as collapses, landslides, debris flows).

●my country’s terrain characteristics: (my country’s terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east, distributed in a ladder shape).

The dividing line of the ladder, altitude, main terrain type, main terrain area

The first and second steps of the ladder are Kunlun Mountains-Qilian Mountains-Hengduan Mountains; the second and third steps are Daxinganling - Taihang Mountains - Wushan - Xuefeng Mountain. Plateau above 4000 meters Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qaidam Basin

The second step is 1000-2000 meters plateau and basin Inner Mongolia Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin

The hills, mountains, plains, and basins below the third step of 500 meters are alternately distributed in the southeastern hills, the northeastern plains, the North China Plains, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plains

●my country’s terrain is high in the west and low in the east, distributed in a ladder shape The impact of these characteristics on my country's climate, rivers, and transportation:

(1) Impact on climate: my country's terrain is high in the west and low in the east, sloping toward the ocean, which is conducive to the advancement of moist air from the sea to the inland of my country. Vast areas of our country bring abundant rainfall.

(2) Impact on rivers: The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, which will inevitably cause my country’s major rivers to flow from west to east into the sea; when rivers flow from a higher step to a lower step, the gap is large. Generate huge water energy.

(3) Impact on transportation: The large river flowing eastward connects my country’s east-west transportation and facilitates the connection between the coast and the inland; the tall mountains at the junction of the stairs have become a huge obstacle to my country’s east-west transportation .

Topographic areas on both sides of the mountain range

West side and east side

①Daxingan Mountains, Inner Mongolia Plateau Northeast Plains

②Taihang Mountains, Loess Plateau, North China Plain

③Wushan, Sichuan Basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain

④Hengduan Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan Basin or Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

Topography areas on both sides of the mountains

North side and south side

⑤Kunlun Mountains, Tarim Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

⑥Tianshan Mountains, Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin

●Mountains form the terrain skeleton

●Four Major Plateaus

(Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) The highest and largest plateau in my country

(Inner Mongolia Plateau) The ground is broad and endless

(Loess Plateau) loess is widely distributed, and the surface has thousands of ravines

(The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has a rugged surface and significant karst landforms

●Four major basins

The largest basin is (Tarim Basin) Basin

The basin with the highest altitude is the (Qaidam) Basin

The basin with the highest latitude is the (Junggar) Basin

Conditions for developing agricultural production The most superior basin is the (Sichuan) Basin

●The main mountain range direction: east-west direction: Tianshan Mountains-Yinshan Mountains

Kunlun Mountains-Qinling Mountains

Nanling

Northeast-southwest direction: Greater Hinggan Ridge - Taihang Mountains - Wushan - Xuefeng Mountain

Changbai Mountains - Wuyi Mountains

Taiwan Mountains

South-north direction: Hengduan Mountains

Northwest-southeast direction: Qilian Mountains

Arc-shaped mountain range: Himalayas

5. my country Climate

●According to active accumulated temperature, my country can be divided into 5 temperature zones from north to south

. Cold temperate zone, mid-temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone, tropical zone; in addition there are A higher plateau climate zone.

(1) Tropical subtropical warm temperate zone mid-temperate cold temperate zone plateau climate zone

(2) 0

(3 ) Warm temperate zone

(4) Qiongtai, Guangdong, Guiyun or Yunnan

(5) Yisan

(6) ②Subtropical zone ③Warm temperate zone

●Based on the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, my country can be divided

into four dry and wet regions (humid), (semi-humid), (semi-arid), and (arid) Areas.

Dry and wet areas, semi-humid areas, semi-arid areas, and arid areas.

Vegetation forests, grasslands, and deserts.

Agricultural types. Planting industry (paddy agriculture) Planting industry (dryland agriculture) Animal husbandry

●The dividing line between monsoon and non-monsoon areas: (Daxingan Mountains), (Yinshan Mountains), (Helan Mountains), (Bayan Har Mountains) , (Gangdise Mountains).

●Name the reasons for the differences in the following geographical phenomena:

The special "land of plenty" landscape in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in my country benefits from the (monsoon climate with hot and rainy weather).

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are at roughly the same latitude as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but the reason for the huge difference in climate is (topography (high altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)) factors;

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River The reason why the climate in the downstream area is roughly at the same latitude as the Arabian Peninsula is affected by the (position of sea and land) and (summer monsoon). Beijing and Urumqi are roughly at the same latitude, but their precipitation is very different. (Sea and land location, summer wind)

Different fruit trees grow in different temperature zones; the ripening process is also different in different temperature zones; the architectural structures of traditional houses in the north and south are also different. The reason is (latitude factor)

The vegetation in the east and west is different; the types of agriculture in the east and west are different, with farming being the main occupation in the east and animal husbandry in the west; the structure of the roofs of houses in the east and west is different, with many roofed houses in the southeast , there are many flat-roofed houses in the northwest. (Precipitation varies)

Our country is extremely rich in crops and various animal and plant resources. (The climate is complex and diverse)

② Different natural resources and tourism resources are formed (the climate is complex and diverse)

③People’s eating habits are also different, such as: winter in Sichuan, Hunan and other places People who are relatively cold and humid like to eat chili peppers; people in the south like rice, and people in the north like pasta. (The climate is complex and diverse)

④People’s clothing is also colorful because they adapt to the climate (the climate is complex and diverse)

For example: Tibetan robes are to adapt to the daily changes in Tibet Large climate characteristics (topography); ⑤ The architectural characteristics of different places are different. The roof slopes in the north are smaller and the walls are thicker, while the roof slopes in the south are larger (temperature, precipitation); ⑥ Yes. ……

(1) ①7; ②7, 8; ③4, 5, 6, 7, 8; ④4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

(2) Summer and Autumn More winter and less spring

(3) Guangzhou and Harbin; the rain belt in my country advances from south to north.

(4) Because the rainy season in southern my country starts early, ends late, and has a long rainy season; in northern my country, the rainy season starts late, ends early, and has a short rainy season

●Disastrous weather caused by monsoon climate ( Cold wave), (typhoon), (flood and drought disaster)

●Main characteristics of my country’s climate

(1) Read my country’s climate characteristics from the picture: Climate characteristics (complex climate Diverse) and (monsoon) climate are remarkable.

(2) Sanming has a (subtropical monsoon climate) climate.

●List comparison of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River

Project Yangtze River Yellow River

The birthplace of the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Bayan Hara Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

< p>The source of the Tuotuo River is the Yuegu Zongli Canal

It flows through the provinces of Qingdao, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Qingdao, Sichuan, Gansu, and Ningxia , Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shandong

It flows through the main terrain areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plains Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau, and North China Plain

Mainly The tributaries of the Jialing River, Han River, Gan River, Tao River, Huang River, Wei River, etc.

The basin range is between Qinling and Nanling, between Yinshan and Qinling

Develop water energy (upstream ), shipping water energy (upstream)

Construction of protective forests in the middle and upper reaches (omitted, see the table below)

●Causes of disasters in various reaches of the Yellow River, and basic treatment plans.

The upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of the river

The main disasters are grassland degradation and desertification. Severe water and soil erosion. Above-ground river

Causes of disasters. The climate tends to be arid. The middle reaches of the Yellow River There are many tributaries passing through the Loess Plateau. The soil layer on the Loess Plateau is loose and the vegetation is severely damaged. When there is a heavy rain, a large amount of sediment and rainwater flow into the Yellow River. As the Yellow River enters the lower reaches of the plain, the river channel becomes wider and the slope becomes gentler. The river flow slows down and the sediment carried by it is deposited, gradually raising the river bed.

Management Plant trees and grass and carry out comprehensive management of soil and water conservation. Reinforcement of the Yellow River embankment

8. Characteristics of my country's natural resources: (The total amount of resources is rich), (But insufficient per capita.)

Types of land resources Monsoon or non-monsoon dry and wet areas Main terrain types

Cultivated monsoon areas, humid and semi-humid areas, eastern plains, low hills and basins

Forest humid areas, mountains

Grasslands, non-monsoon areas, semi-arid areas District plateau

Unused land basins and plateaus in the western semi-arid area

●The basic national policy of my country’s land is to “treasure and rationally utilize every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land.”

●The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of my country’s water resources and their impact on social and economic development

●The freshwater resources currently used by humans are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater

p>

●The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in my country: temporally: more in summer and autumn, less in winter and spring; spatially: abundant in the south and scarce in the north.

●Methods to solve the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources: Building reservoirs can effectively control seasonal changes in runoff and water volume. For example: Three Gorges and Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Project.

●One of the effective ways to solve the uneven regional distribution of water resources: cross-basin water transfer. For example: South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Diversion Project from Luanzhou to Tianjin, Project from Diversion of Yellow River to Qingdao.

●One of the main ways to solve my country's water shortage problem: save water and protect water resources

9. my country's transportation

●my country's transportation network Rough distribution pattern: dense in the east and sparse in the west

●my country's main railway lines

①Lanzhou-Xinjiang Line ②Qinghai-Tibet Line (not completed) ③Baotou-Lanzhou Line ④Beijing-Kowloon Line

⑤Baocheng Line ⑥Chengkun Line

East-west direction: Beijing-Baotou Line (Beijing-Baotou)-Baotou-Lanzhou Line (Baotou-Lanzhou);

Longhai ( Lianyungang-Lanzhou)-Lanzhou-Xinjiang Line (Lanzhou-Urumqi);

Shanghai-Hangzhou (Shanghai-Hangzhou)-Zhejiang-Ganxi (Hangzhou-Zhuzhou)-Hunan-Guizhou (Zhuzhou-Guiyang)-Guiyang-Kunming (Guiyang- Kunming) Line

North-south direction: Beijing-Harbin Line (Beijing-Harbin); Beijing-Shanghai Line (Beijing-Shanghai);

Beijing-Guangzhou Line (Beijing-Guangzhou); Beijing-Kowloon Line (Beijing-Kowloon)

Jiaoliu Line (Jiaozuo-Liuzhou);

Baocheng Line (Baoji-Chengdu) - Chengdu-Kunming Line (Chengdu-Kunming)

my country's main transportation hubs and railway trunk lines passing through:

Beijing: (Beijing-Harbin Line), (Beijing-Baotou Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line), (Beijing-Kowloon Line) Wire).

Xuzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line).

Zhengzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line).

Lanzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Baotou Line) (Baotou-Lanzhou Line).

●Reasonably choose transportation methods according to needs (omitted)

9. Agriculture in my country

●Regional distribution of agriculture:

Differences between the East and the West:

Western 400 mm equal precipitation line East

Planting, animal husbandry, planting, forestry and fishery

Plains and valleys with irrigation water sources and oases, the four major pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet, the semi-humid and humid plain areas in the east, the natural forest areas in the northeast and southwest, the artificial forest areas in the southeast, the eastern coast, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The differences in planting industry between the south and the north:

Regional cultivated land type Crop ripening (how many crops per year) Main crops

Food crops, oil crops, sugar crops

Qinling - dry land north of the Huaihe River, one crop per year , three crops in two years, two crops in one year, wheat, peanuts, sugar beets

Qinling-Paddy fields south of the Huaihe River, two crops in one year, three crops in one year, rice, rape, sugarcane

●Three major cotton areas :

●Example to illustrate the necessity of developing agriculture according to local conditions: (P102 Figure 4.16 fills album P32 5)

Use the advantages of local (natural conditions) to develop agricultural production The layout of departments or crops in areas suitable for their own development and growth is one of the important contents of "adapting measures to local conditions".

●Agricultural production is also restricted by local (social and economic conditions), which is also a factor that needs to be fully considered in the development of agriculture.

10. my country’s industry

●Industrial distribution characteristics: (coastal), (along rivers), (along transportation lines)

●Spatial distribution of industry :

(1) Nationally significant industrial bases along the Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Shanghai and other railway lines.

(2) Industrial belt (energy development) in the Yellow River Basin.

(3) The economically developed zones along the Yangtze River centered on (Shanghai), (Nanjing), (Wuhan), and (Chongqing).

(4) The most industrially developed economic core areas in coastal areas such as (Yangtze River Delta), (Central and South Liaoning), (Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan), and (Pearl River Delta).

●Develop high-tech industries:

(1) Characteristics: A large proportion of scientific and technological personnel are employed; a large proportion of development and research costs; rapid product updates.

(2) Distribution characteristics: Most of them are attached to big cities, with characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration.

(3) Development focus: Coastal areas focus on (science and technology park type) high-tech industries; border areas focus on (trade-oriented) industries; inland areas focus on (defense and military) industries that are closely related industry.

●High-tech industrial development zones are attached to big cities, with distribution characteristics of (large dispersion) and (small concentration)

●Example the impact of high-tech industries on production and life :

Shanghai: The industrial structure of the industry has been optimized and adjusted. (Changes in Shanghai's industry)

Beijing: The rapid growth rate has promoted and promoted economic development.

(Zhongguancun’s contribution to Beijing’s economic development)

Internet: Internet technology has changed people’s lives and production methods