Why is London rich in wind energy?

Why is Britain rich in wind resources?

1 Britain is located in the westerly belt of 40 degrees to 60 degrees north latitude, which is influenced by the westerly wind all the year round.

Topographic factors: the west is the Atlantic Ocean, and there are no mountains to block the west wind.

Geography: The biggest stroke in a year in London, England.

winter At this time, the pressure difference between high and low latitudes is large, and the west wind is strong.

How do people use wind energy at all times and in all countries?

Utilization of wind energy in countries all over the world

In the British urban agglomeration with London as the core, British wind power supports household power supply. In 2003, the British Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a large-scale plan to develop offshore wind power generation, planning to build thousands of wind turbines at sea, and strive to reach the power supply capacity of one-sixth of households by 20 10.

Germany ranks first in Europe in wind power generation. Among European countries, Germany has the most developed wind power generation. By the end of 2003, the installed capacity had reached 8.754 million kilowatts, accounting for more than half of the total installed capacity in Europe. As far as the prospect is concerned, the development momentum of wind power generation in Europe will continue. In Germany, wind power currently accounts for 3.5% of its power generation, and the goal of * * * is to increase this proportion to at least 25% by 2025.

Japan is an island country with abundant wind energy. Japan has two basic advantages in wind energy utilization. First of all, the scale of the windmill has reached more than 1000 kW, and the noise prevention technology has also been greatly improved. Secondly, in order to prevent the global greenhouse effect, the "green power system" aimed at transferring the power system of large enterprises to renewable energy has also greatly promoted wind power generation. It is predicted that by 20 10, the total power of wind power generation in Japan will reach 3 million kilowatts by the current 10 times.

With the rapid development of wind power generation in the United States, the wind resources in the United States are very rich. For environmental protection and future energy needs, the United States attaches great importance to the development and utilization of wind energy. At present, the United States is the country with the largest installed capacity of wind turbines in the world, about 2.3 million kilowatts. By 2006, it is planned to install 4.2 million kilowatts.

At present, 27 wind power stations have been built in China. By 2005, the total installed capacity of wind power generation in China will reach about 654.38+500,000 kilowatts. Experts believe that Nanhui, Chongming, Fengxian, Changxing Island and hengsha island all have the value of sea breeze utilization. Specific to this project, the annual full-load operation time will reach more than 2000 hours, and the total power generation will reach more than 40 million kWh. Because the whole power generation process does not need any energy input, it is equivalent to "scouring" from the sea breeze to 32 million yuan per year.

At present, the total installed capacity of China wind farm is 500,000 kilowatts. At present, wind power generation has entered a period of rapid development in the world. China will continue to promote the rapid development of wind power construction through concessions and other means. By 20 10, it is planned to build a wind farm with a total installed capacity of 4 million kilowatts.

China is rich in wind energy resources, with a reserve of 3.2 billion kilowatts and an exploitable installed capacity of about 253 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world and having the potential for commercialization and large-scale development. At present, the installed capacity of wind power in China only accounts for 0. 1 1% of the national installed capacity, and the potential of wind power generation is huge.

When did London start to develop low carbon?

Britain is the first country to put forward the concept of "low carbon" and actively advocate a low-carbon economy. Former London Mayor Livingston published "Act Today, Protect Tomorrow" in February 2007, announcing that by 2025, the carbon dioxide emission reduction will be reduced to 60% of 1990.

The main measures taken by London in building a low-carbon city are as follows:

Help enterprises reduce carbon emissions. Help enterprises to raise awareness of carbon emission reduction and provide information on reform measures. Encourage all enterprises' new investment to transition to low-carbon integration.

Green transportation. By introducing a carbon price system, collecting a carbon dioxide tax, charging vehicles entering the market center according to the carbon dioxide emission level, reducing the carbon emissions of ground transportation, and vigorously developing electric vehicles, London will be built into the electric vehicle capital of Europe.

Green building. Improve the energy efficiency of existing and new buildings. Carry out the "Green Home Plan" to provide home energy-saving consulting services for Londoners; Require the new development plan to give priority to renewable energy.

Smart grid. Implement smart grid and develop low-carbon decentralized energy supply. Develop cogeneration system in London, and develop small renewable energy devices (wind energy and solar energy) to replace part of the electricity supplied by the national grid, so as to reduce the losses caused by long-distance transmission.

* * * Green procurement. City * * * strictly implements the green procurement policy, adopts low-carbon technologies and services, improves the building energy efficiency of city * * *, and encourages civil servants to develop energy-saving habits.

After the pollution in London, England, how did enterprises transform and what did they experience?

Britain is the earliest industrialized country in the world, and London is one of the earliest cities with smog problems in the world. In 1950s, the "London Haze Event" that shocked the world made the name of "Fog Capital" famous all over the world. Now London has basically got rid of the label of "foggy city", and many experiences are worth learning.

First, the development of fog and haze in London

/kloc-In the 9th century, London, as the birthplace and industrial center of the industrial revolution, entered a period of rapid industrial development. The consumption of a large number of fossil fuels, especially coal, continued to increase, which aggravated the air pollution in London, and factories produced a large amount of exhaust gas, forming a very thick grayish yellow smoke, which made the air pollution situation in London increasingly severe. From the beginning of 100 century to the middle of the 20th century, there were many cases of winter air pollution in London. The earliest record can even be traced back to 18 13, followed by 1873, 1880, 1882,/.

1952 from February 4 to 9, a large range of high-concentration smog enveloped London. According to historical records, in the four days from February 5 to February 8 of 1952, the death toll in London reached 4000, among which the death rate of people over 48 was three times as high as usual. /kloc-the death rate of people under 0/year old is twice as high as usual. In addition, the incidence of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer and influenza has also increased significantly. In the next two months, this incident caused a total of 12000 deaths. This was the "London Haze Event" that later shocked the world. Air pollution not only harms human health, but also seriously corrodes buildings and soil.

The direct cause of fog and haze in London is sulfur dioxide and dust pollution caused by coal burning. A lot of smoke from coal-fired factories, engine oil from cars and pollution clouds floating from the European continent make the air quality in London very poor. In London in those days, the industrial sewage discharge was very large, and 1000 tons of smoke floated out of the chimney every day. Emissions of 2000 tons of carbon dioxide, 140 tons of hydrochloric acid and 14 tons of fluoride. More seriously, coal dust contains ferric oxide, which can catalyze the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, another pollutant of coal combustion, to generate sulfur trioxide, and then combine with water adsorbed on the dust surface to generate sulfuric acid droplets. After mixing with steam, 800 tons of sulfuric acid is generated. Domestic coal burning has also aggravated air pollution. Before the era of central heating, tens of thousands of families in London could only burn coal to keep warm in the cold winter. Due to the economic difficulties after the war, * * * exported high-quality coal to foreign countries, while Londoners burned inferior coal, which made the pollution more serious. When the air is not circulating, these heavily polluted yellow smog are "trapped over London". Thick fog formed. When these sulfuric acid droplets are inhaled into the respiratory system, they will have a strong * * effect, which will make people who are weak sick and even die. The indirect cause of the fog and haze in London is the accumulation of air pollutants caused by the inversion layer that began on February 4, 65438.

After that, there were as many as 12 serious smog events in London, such as 1956, 1957 and 1962. In the mid-1970s, the "foggy days" in London decreased year by year, and 1980 further decreased. At present, the toxic smog in London has disappeared and become a world eco-city.

Second, the treatment process of fog and haze in London

1952 the severe smog incident in London prompted the British people to reflect deeply. Britain * * * began to "treat haze with heavy standards" and achieved very remarkable treatment results. The smog control in London for more than 60 years since 1953 can be divided into four stages according to its air quality improvement trend.

The first stage is the preparation stage (1953- 1960). The Beaver Committee led by Sir Beaver was established in Britain on *** 1953 to investigate the causes of the smog incident and formulate a response plan. Under the impetus of the Beaver Committee, 1956, Britain promulgated the Clean Air Act, which specifically targeted at air pollution. The bill puts forward measures such as banning black smoke emission, raising the height of chimneys and establishing smoke-free areas, and makes great efforts in controlling the number of motor vehicles and adjusting the energy structure. At the same time, a Clean Air Committee was set up to supervise the improvement of air pollution and obtain air from people who are experienced, knowledgeable or responsible for air pollution control. ......

What can wind energy do for people?

The utilization of wind energy in the world, the urban agglomeration with London as the core in Britain, and the wind power generation in Britain supports household power supply. In 2003, the British Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a large-scale plan to develop offshore wind power generation, planning to build thousands of wind turbines at sea, and strive to reach the power supply capacity of one-sixth of households by 20 10. Germany ranks first in Europe in wind power generation. Among European countries, Germany has the most developed wind power generation. By the end of 2003, the installed capacity had reached 8.754 million kilowatts, accounting for more than half of the total installed capacity in Europe. As far as the prospect is concerned, the development momentum of wind power generation in Europe will continue. In Germany, wind power currently accounts for 3.5% of its power generation, and the goal of * * * is to increase this proportion to at least 25% by 2025. Japan is an island country with abundant wind energy. Japan has two basic advantages in wind energy utilization. First of all, the scale of the windmill has reached more than 1000 kW, and the noise prevention technology has also been greatly improved. Secondly, in order to prevent the global greenhouse effect, the "green power system" aimed at transferring the power system of large enterprises to renewable energy has also greatly promoted wind power generation. It is predicted that by 20 10, the total power of wind power generation in Japan will reach 3 million kilowatts by the current 10 times. With the rapid development of wind power generation in the United States, the wind resources in the United States are very rich. For environmental protection and future energy needs, the United States attaches great importance to the development and utilization of wind energy. At present, the United States is the country with the largest installed capacity of wind turbines in the world, about 2.3 million kilowatts. By 2006, it is planned to install 4.2 million kilowatts. At present, 27 wind power stations have been built in China. By 2005, the total installed capacity of wind power generation in China will reach about 654.38+500,000 kilowatts. Experts believe that Nanhui, Chongming, Fengxian, Changxing Island and hengsha island all have the value of sea breeze utilization. Specific to this project, the annual full-load operation time will reach more than 2000 hours, and the total power generation will reach more than 40 million kWh. Because the whole power generation process does not need any energy input, it is equivalent to "scouring" from the sea breeze to 32 million yuan per year. At present, the total installed capacity of China wind farm is 500,000 kilowatts. At present, wind power generation has entered a period of rapid development in the world. China will continue to promote the rapid development of wind power construction through concessions and other means. By 20 10, it is planned to build a wind farm with a total installed capacity of 4 million kilowatts. China is rich in wind energy resources, with a reserve of 3.2 billion kilowatts and an exploitable installed capacity of about 253 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world and having the potential for commercialization and large-scale development. At present, the installed capacity of wind power in China only accounts for 0. 1 1% of the national installed capacity, and the potential of wind power generation is huge.

Political question: Why does smog become a topic of discussion?

Analysis on the Hot Topic of Environment-"Smog"

The word "smog" comes to our ears, especially the large-scale and long-term serious smog pollution in China this year, which has aroused a lot of heated discussions among experts, scholars, officials and the broad masses of the people. From the data given by China's environmental protection department, we can know that the total amount of air pollutants discharged in China far exceeds the capacity of the atmospheric environment, the problem of regional compound air pollution is quite serious, and the air environment quality situation is still not optimistic, especially in the central and eastern regions of China this year, a large range of heavily polluted haze weather has appeared continuously, and the people's reaction is very strong, which has also aroused widespread concern at home and abroad. According to the new national air quality standards, about 70% of the cities in China are not up to standard, and the air quality is still far from the expectations of the people. Based on this, this paper will analyze the harm and influence of smog from the perspective of the concept and causes of smog through the scientific research methods of literature research and comprehensive analysis, and seek control methods by learning from the experience of other countries in controlling smog.

Keywords: causes, hazards and control of haze

CCTV News 1+ 1 reported that most parts of central and eastern China were shrouded in smog. As of 0: 00 on June 5438+04, the detection data of some monitoring stations in 33 of the 74 monitoring cities in China all exceeded 300, which means that the air quality in these cities has reached serious pollution. Beijing even sold out of masks; PM2.5 in many places is on the verge of "breaking the table", highways in Shandong, Hubei and other provinces are closed, and motor trains from Beijing to Wuhan are "stopped" by smog. In this regard, foreign media claimed that this is "the most serious smog" and "the fog is suffocating"; Headlines of news broadcasts rarely talk about smog for 8 minutes. Chen Zhenlin, Director of Emergency Disaster Reduction and Public Service Department of China Meteorological Bureau, introduced at the press conference of China Meteorological Bureau on June 5438+0 1 that since June 5438+00, the number of haze days in most parts of North China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, central and northern Jiangnan, central and western South China, eastern Sichuan and Chongqing has exceeded five days; Among them, south Shanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, north-central Zhejiang, northern Anhui, north-central Hubei, central and eastern Sichuan, central Hunan, western Guangdong and eastern Guangxi, Beijing and Tianjin reached 10- 15 days; Southeast Shanxi, most of Henan and most of Jiangsu reach 15-20 days, and some areas exceed 20 days. With the arrival of May 438+February in June, this smog has also ravaged more than 100 large and medium-sized cities in 25 provinces of China. According to the data of China Meteorological Bureau, since this year, the average number of haze days in China has been the highest in 52 years, with 13 in Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, all setting a "historical record". According to the analysis of the Central Meteorological Observatory, most parts of central and eastern China were not spared by this large-scale smog process. The number of haze days in central and southern Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, central and eastern Henan, eastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, northwestern Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, central Anhui, western and southeastern Sichuan Basin reached 6 to 7 days.

With such amazing data and such a grim situation, controlling air pollution has become one of the biggest internal affairs in China. It is urgent to solve the smog problem. What kind of substance is smog? How did it come into being in China? What kind of harm and influence has it brought to our people? How can we prevent and control it? This series of questions is worth pondering.

Text 1. What is smog?

When the temperature is lower than the dew point, the water vapor in the air near the ground condenses to form fog. If the fog rises off the ground, it becomes a cloud. It is a milky white suspension system composed of a large number of water droplets or ice crystal particles, and the relative humidity of the air is close to 100%. When the concentration of suspended particles is high near factories and other places, it will appear yellow-gray Fog will reduce the horizontal visibility of the air, which can be divided into light fog, fog, fog and dense fog. Light fog usually appears in the morning and evening, and the horizontal visibility is 1~ 10 km. Fog visibility is 0.5~ 1 km; The visibility of fog is100 ~ 500m; Visibility in dense fog is less than 100 meter.

"Wind and rain are haze", and the word haze is used in history books to indicate the weather with sandstorms. Haze is a weather phenomenon in meteorology, which refers to the phenomenon that a large number of extremely fine dry dust particles float evenly in the air, making the air with horizontal visibility less than 10 km generally turbid. Mist makes bright objects in the distance slightly yellow and red, and dark objects slightly blue. When water vapor condensation intensifies and air humidity increases, haze will turn into fog. Haze formation and ......

Point out the similarities and differences of people's understanding of filial piety in ancient and modern times.

Utilization of wind energy in countries all over the world

The city of London, England, is the core group, using the British wind to support the family. In 2003, the British Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a major plan to build thousands of offshore wind turbines to achieve the sixth power supply in China by 20 10. German wind power generation

In Europe, by the end of 2003, the installed capacity of Germany, the most developed wind power generation country, was 8.754 million kilowatts, accounting for more than half of the total installed capacity in Europe. The prospect of wind power generation in Europe will continue. In Germany, wind power currently accounts for 3.5% of the total power generation, and * * * aims to increase this proportion to at least 25% by 2025.

-Japan is an island country, which provides a lot of wind energy. Two basic advantages of wind energy utilization in Japan. First of all, the scale of a wind turbine has reached more than 6.5438+million kilowatts, and the anti-noise technology has been greatly improved. Secondly, in order to prevent global warming, wind power generation is a huge driving force for large enterprises that have turned to renewable energy power generation system "green power system". It is predicted that in 20 10, the total wind power in Japan will reach 3 million kilowatts, which is 0/0 times of the current/kloc-0.

With the rapid development of wind power in the United States, wind power resources in the United States are very rich. For the needs of environmental protection and energy future, the United States attaches great importance to the development and utilization of wind energy. The capacity of wind turbines in the United States, the country with the largest installed capacity in the world, is about 2.3 million kilowatts. By 2006, it is planned to install 4.2 million kilowatts. The current wind power plant in China has been completed until the 27th. By 2005, the total installed capacity of wind power in China will reach 654.38+500,000 kilowatts. Experts believe that Nanhui, Chongming, Fengxian, Changxing and hengsha island are all using sea breeze values. Specific to this project, the converted total running time will reach more than 2,000 hours, and the total power consumption will not exceed 4 billion kWh at most. Because the whole power generation process does not need any energy input, it is equivalent to "scouring" from the sea breeze to 32 million yuan per year. Currently installed

The total capacity of China wind farm is 500,000 kilowatts. Wind power generation has entered a period of rapid development in the world. China will continue to promote the rapid development of wind power concession construction in other ways. By 20 10, it is planned to build a wind farm with a total installed capacity of 4 million kilowatts. China is rich in wind energy resources.

The reserve of 320 million kilowatts can develop an installed capacity of about 25,300 kilowatts, ranking first in the world, with potential for commercialization and large-scale development. At present, the installed capacity of wind power in China only accounts for 0. 1 1% of the national installed capacity, and the potential of wind power generation is huge.

Huge geothermal energy is a valuable clean energy, and all countries in the world are trying to develop and utilize it. Iceland, located near the Arctic Circle, has hot springs, hot springs and steam.

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