Why are there electric fireballs? How are electric fireballs produced?

Ball lightning is a very rare lightning shape. There are four types of lightning: linear, ribbon, rocket and spherical. The most common is linear. Ball lightning rarely appears, but over half a century Since then, humans have recorded more than 4,000 ball lightning phenomena. According to meteorological experts, ball lightning is like a ball of fire, about the size of a basketball, and occasionally has a diameter of several meters or even dozens of meters. Ball lightning mostly occurs during severe thunderstorms. It only appears in bad weather. Ball lightning has a weird temperament. It often gets into the room through doors, windows, chimneys, or even gaps. Sometimes it can advance along the wire at a speed of about 2 meters per second and burn. It It generally moves in the horizontal direction, sometimes staying still in the air, or landing slowly. Some ball lightning can spin while moving, and some can rebound. It makes a hissing sound when it moves, and explodes when it disappears. The loud noise and vibration energy are enough to destroy ordinary buildings. Because the air emits a chemical reaction during the explosion, ozone and nitric oxide are generated, so there is an unpleasant smell after the ball lightning disappears. Although ball lightning is a scorching fireball, But when it is close to some flammable objects such as trees, paper, and hay, it will not cause a fire, but it can burn wet trees and houses in a moment of explosion. If it falls into a pool, ball lightning will make the water boil. It can easily pass through glass, and can get into houses through door cracks and chimneys. So incidents like the above are not surprising. The strange thing is, what kind of material is ball lightning? No one has ever known There are several hypotheses that can answer this question: some people think that ball lightning is a highly charged gas mixture; some speculate that it is a chemical reactor; others think that it is a nitrogen oxide compound; some scholars say that it is a ball of Highly ionized air pockets. All the above statements are yet to be confirmed by scientific research. The famous ball lightning phenomenon was recorded on July 22, 1962. On July 22, 1962, the Jade Emperor Summit of Mount Tai was in a thunderstorm. During the lightning and thunder, a A bright red fireball with a diameter of 15 centimeters jumped into the room through the tightly closed glass gap. It danced indoors at a speed of 2-3 meters per second for 3-4 seconds, and then escaped from the chimney. The explosion caused the chimney to explode. With a corner cut off, a thermos bottle indoors was shattered into pieces by the impact of air waves. On July 25, 1981, after a thunderous thunder, two rare orange-red fireballs suddenly emitted a piercing roar in the garden of Shanghai Gaoqiao Station. The sound rolled down from the clouds. When they landed in the flower bed, the two fireballs collided with a loud noise, and the dazzling light illuminated the surrounding area as if it were daytime. In 1981, an Ilyushin-18 aircraft flew from the Black Sea coast to The flight took off from Sochi. The weather was very good at the time, and the thunderclouds were 40 kilometers away from the flight line. When the plane reached an altitude of 1,200 meters, suddenly a fireball with a diameter of about 10 centimeters broke into the cockpit of the plane, causing an ear-shattering explosion. It disappeared immediately after the sound. But a few seconds later, it incredibly reappeared in the passenger compartment through the sealed metal bulkhead. It floated above the heads of the panicked passengers and slowly drifted into the rear The cabin split into two bright half-moon shapes, then merged together, and finally left the plane with a small sound. The pilot immediately landed for inspection and found that the ball lightning entered and exited the plane with holes drilled into the nose and tail. The radar and department His instruments were lost, but the inner wall of the plane and the passengers were not damaged. Judging from the past activity of spherical lightning, it mostly appears during thunderstorms or before and after storms, taking the shape of a glowing fireball with an extremely bright center. This kind of The color of the fireball is changeable, and the diameter is usually 10 to 40 centimeters. The duration of ball lightning is only a few dozen seconds. It often moves horizontally at a speed of 2 meters per second, starts and stops, and sometimes stays in mid-air. , and sometimes land on the ground. Scientists try to uncover the mystery of ball lightning. A former Soviet physicist believes that ball lightning is a bubble "blown" by lightning. During a thunderstorm, the earth's electric field intensity increases 1,000 times. It hits water droplets , even dendritic lightning that forms a strong field around the water droplet causes the water droplet to expand. However, this requires some foreign matter to fall into the small water droplet, such as a grain of dust or a grain of sand. As the resistance of the current increases, the water decomposes Form hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen burn to form a fireball. If for some reason, the fireball discharges prematurely, that is, an explosion occurs. When the charge gradually disappears, the fireball disappears unknowingly. If the air around the fireball is still, The fireball will disappear on its own after a few seconds. It is easy to make the lightning discharge, but impossible to destroy it. People have even shot the fireball with a gun, but the fireball did not explode. The reason why ball lightning can fly is that its density is close to that of air. Density, can move with the surrounding air. Therefore, when encountering ball lightning, it is safest to stand still. Scientists Abrahamson and Dainis of the University of Canterbury in New Zealand believe that ball lightning is caused by the burning and luminescence of silicon. The theory is that when the soil is struck by lightning, it will release nanoparticles containing silicon into the atmosphere. The energy from the lightning strike is stored in these nanoparticles in the form of chemical energy. When a certain high temperature is reached, these particles will oxidize and release Energy. When researchers expose soil samples to the same conditions as lightning, they produce silicon-containing nanoparticles that are oxidized at a rate consistent with the average 10-second life cycle of ball lightning. Ball lightning is also known as electricity. Fireballs are considered to be a natural phenomenon related to lightning. They often appear floating in the air not far from the ground. They often rebound after touching the ground, and the materials in contact will be scorched. Only 1% of people claim to have seen it. Ball lightning. Scientists have been studying this rare natural phenomenon for 150 years, but have never been able to reproduce it in the laboratory and cannot explain it well in theory. Ball Lightning Prevention Method According to experts, the main way to prevent ball lightning is to close doors and windows to prevent ball lightning from floating into the room. If ball lightning accidentally drifts into the room, do not run, because ball lightning generally follows the airflow. If you encounter ball lightning in the wild , don’t move. You can pick up the stones around you and throw them outwards as hard as you can to divert the ball lightning away to avoid accidentally injuring the crowd. (