What is the climate like in Canada? Thank you.

Canada has a vast territory, with the northern end reaching 83 degrees north latitude and the southern end reaching 40 degrees north latitude. From frozen territory to lush vegetation on the west coast of British Columbia, there are various climate types.

Because more than 90% of the territory is located between 50-80 degrees north latitude, 1/5 of the territory is located in the Arctic Circle, the mountains in the west block the west wind from the Pacific Ocean, and the vast central plain is open to the north, which makes it easy for the cold air from the Arctic Ocean to drive in directly. Therefore, the climate in most parts of Canada is cold, with long winters and short summers.

Canada's cold tundra has a vast climate area, accounting for about 1/3 of the country's total area. Most areas have a continental subtropical coniferous forest climate, and only a few areas in the south have a cold temperate climate.

Northern Canada is basically a desert area with extremely low temperature and water shortage. There is relatively little snowfall, and the precipitation in this area is mostly in summer.

The western coastal areas are backed by mountains, and the Alaska warm current passes through them. The climate is mild. The annual average temperature in Vancouver is 10.2℃, the average temperature in July is 17.7℃, and the highest temperature in summer is 3l℃. It is also the wettest area, with an average annual precipitation of 400 to 2700 mm.

There is a big temperature difference between winter and summer in the central region, with an average annual precipitation of only 250 to 500mm. Due to the influence of Labrador cold current, the temperature in the eastern region is lower than that in the western region, with an average annual precipitation of 1000 to 1 400mm. In winter, there is snow in most parts of the country, and the thickness of snow in the eastern region is10.5m..

According to the different climate, Canada can be roughly divided into the following areas:

1. Most Atlantic provinces have humid subtropical continental climate, but the coastal areas have obvious maritime characteristics. The climate of Halifax is typical of this area.

2. The climate in the Great Lakes region of Ontario and southern Quebec is humid, cold in winter and hot in summer, with abundant rainfall throughout the year. Toronto, Ontario is a representative of the climate in this area.

3. The inland area of Canada extends from Mount Loki to the Great Lakes region, and it has a continental climate with long and cold winters. Polar cold air flow can come in from the Arctic Ocean, and the air temperature will drop by more than 20 degrees Celsius in a short time, causing snowstorms and cold waves. In spring, it is often influenced by the dry and hot air sinking after climbing Loki Mountain, and the temperature rises and the snow melts. Summer is short and warm, the average temperature in July is above 20℃, and rainfall is scarce. Winnipeg, Manitoba and Edmonton, Alberta represent the climate of grassland areas.

4. The interior of British Columbia belongs to the mountainous or Loki Mountain climate zone. Altitude affects the climate beyond latitude. In winter, Leng Xia is hot, with little precipitation and drastic temperature changes. Windward slopes are snowy in winter, dry valleys are hot in summer, and the temperature difference between day and night on the plateau is significant. Because the climate in this area varies from place to place, there is no representative climate.

5. The climate along the Pacific coast is characterized by westerly winds all the year round, cool and dry in summer, cloudy, wet and warm in winter, with the average temperature of 1 month above 0℃, the average temperature of July not exceeding 16℃ and the frost-free period of 250 days. The area is rich in precipitation, with an annual precipitation of 2000-3000cm, and the precipitation is relatively uniform in each season. Rainfall is mainly topographic precipitation, with weak convection and few thunderstorms. The weather in city of victoria, British Columbia is typical of this area.

6. Northern Canada lies between the North Pole and the South. Winter is long and cold, and summer is quite different.

7. The Arctic lies around Hudson Bay and along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. The islands in this area have extremely low temperatures in winter, and the temperature is above freezing point for a short time in a year. The climate of Northwest Territory is the representative of this area, with a growing period of only one month and little rainfall.