Shanxi society

The per capita disposable income of Shanxi residents in 20 14 years is 16538 yuan. According to the permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents is 24,069 yuan, and the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents is14,637 yuan; The per capita disposable income of rural residents is 8809 yuan, and the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents is 6992 yuan. The per capita disposable income of low-income families with towns accounting for 20% of the total number of households surveyed is 9487 yuan; The income of low-income people who account for 20% of the rural population is 27 19 yuan. The Engel coefficient of urban households (that is, the proportion of household food consumption expenditure to household consumption expenditure) is 26.0%, and that of rural households is 29.4%.

In 20 14, 6.92 million people participated in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers in Shanxi province; 654.38+053.74 million people participated in the social endowment insurance for urban and rural residents; Participate in urban basic medical insurance11007,000 people; 4.077 million people participated in unemployment insurance; 563 1 10,000 people participate in industrial injury insurance; 4.542 million people participated in maternity insurance. In the whole year, 726,000 people received urban subsistence allowances, and * * * issued urban subsistence allowances of 2.63 billion yuan. 654.38+0.6 million people were included in the rural five guarantees. There are 3,227 urban community service facilities in the province, including 529 comprehensive community service centers, 72 beds in various adoption units, 4 adoptions, and national pension subsidies for various special care recipients. In the whole year, we sold welfare lottery tickets of 4.09 billion yuan, raised social welfare funds of11900,000 yuan, and accepted social donations of1000,000 yuan. In 20 14 years, the number of patent applications and the number of patents granted in Shanxi province were 15684 and 8372 respectively. Among them, the number of applications for invention patents and the number of authorizations are 6 107 and 1559 respectively. Won 6 national science and technology awards. There are 26 enterprise technology centers recognized by the state. There are 208 provincial enterprise technology centers. According to the national high-tech enterprise identification method, there are 520 high-tech enterprises.

In 20 14, there were 220 technical institutions for product quality supervision, inspection and metrological verification at provincial, municipal and county levels and 5 national testing centers in Shanxi province. There are 12 1 meteorological stations in the province, 12 1 stations that carry out automatic telephone weather inquiry, and16 units that carry out weather modification services in meteorological systems. There are 4 Intel websites for weather forecast service and 5 satellite cloud image receiving stations/kloc-0; There are 10 professional comprehensive seismic network, 1 provincial seismic network center and 1 provincial digital seismic network. Jin dialect is used in most parts of Shanxi, Zhongyuan Mandarin is used in most parts of southern Shanxi, and Jilu Mandarin is used in Guangling County.

Jin dialect is the only unofficial dialect in northern China. The biggest feature of Jin dialect, which is different from Putonghua, is to keep entering tone. Most Jin dialects have five tones. The tone of Jin dialect has a very complicated tone sandhi phenomenon. Today, when reading the fricative of Jin language, the ancient voiced sound is not aspirated. Jin dialect retains many characteristics of ancient Chinese. Shanxi is one of the earliest regions in China where festivals and folk customs appeared. China promoted the summer calendar very early, which was used in the Xia Dynasty in history. The southern part of Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of Xia Dynasty, and the northern part of Shanxi is inhabited by Hu people and Han people for a long time, forming a folk custom with local characteristics.

Tim Cang Festival

Adding a warehouse is to wish the farmers' granaries full of food. Tim Cang Festival falls on the 25th day of the first lunar month every year, which actually refers to adding things to the granary in the hope of increasing production and income that year. When it comes to Tim Cang Festival, Shanxi's stress is that it likes to go in but hates to go out: grain should be added to the warehouse, water should be added to the tank, and some coal should be put at the door to make a town house; Older residents are used to buying rice and noodles on Tim Cang Day to ensure adequate food and clothing throughout the year.

June 6th Festival

On the sixth day of June, Jinnan area is called "Mother's Day". Around June 6, the wheat harvest has ended, and it is in the slack season, which is an excellent opportunity to visit relatives. Therefore, there is a folk saying that "June 6, leave the wheat." On the sixth day of June, it evolved into a temple fair in many places in Shanxi. Shanxi gongs and drums

There are dozens of varieties of drums in Shanxi, among which Shanxi prestige gongs and drums are the representative. The majestic gongs and drums are popular folk square art in Huozhou, Hongdong, Fenxi and Linfen, and have the characteristics of "prestige": the configuration of gongs and drums, the organization of bands, performances and costumes are all showing prestige. In 6 19 AD, Li Shimin fought Liu Wuzhou in Huozhou, and beat drums and gongs to stop the war, which won a great victory, so it was handed down with prestige.

paper cutting

"Guangling window grilles" are famous for their realistic shapes and exquisite carvings. The raw material is a single piece of white rice paper, and the tools are several oblique-edged carving knives of different sizes. First, the paper-cut products are carved out with a knife, and then dyed and colored. Folk craftsmen attach great importance to knife carving and coloring skills, and adopt the method of female carving as the main part and male carving as the auxiliary part to make finished products. When coloring, use good white wine to color, and a small amount of alum can be added to the darker ones.

Dough modeling

Shanxi folk dough figurines are mainly sacrifices and prayers to heaven, earth and gods, and they are the embodiment of life ideals. In the sense of modeling, most people are abstract, religious and ideal. Jujube hill, a sacrifice to heaven and earth, and Jiaofan Mountain and Flower Cake, a sacrifice to Kitchen God, are all very large in shape, and are called Mimian Mountain.

spread

It is a custom in northern Shanxi to make a fire. Every New Year's Eve and Lantern Festival, every family should build a tower with large pieces of coal in front of the courtyard, called Wanghuo, for good luck. Put firewood inside and stick a red note on the outside, which reads "full of anger". Just wait until midnight, when the firecrackers are ringing, and light the fire.

Kang waihua

The form of Kangwai painting has a set of fixed procedures. The upper and lower groups of sidewalks are arranged according to certain specifications to form their main frame, and various paintings are arranged at equal distances in the middle. It not only has a complete and symmetrical decorative form, but also has a simple and complex expression connotation. The upper part of the kang is its main body, and the paintings on the top, stove and wall are its extensions. By March 20 16, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and National Cultural Heritage Administration jointly announced six batches of famous historical and cultural towns and villages in China, including 8 towns and 32 villages in Shanxi Province. List of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages in China The first batch of village names in Shanxi Province are Zhenjingsheng Town (Lingshi County)-Xiwan Village (Qiaokou Town, Linxian County)-The second batch of famous towns, Qiaokou Town (Linxian County)-Huangcheng Village (Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County) Zhangbi Village (Longfeng Town, Jiexiu City) Xiwenxing Village (Guoyu Village, Qinshui County (Beiliu Town, Yangcheng County) xiaohe village () Well Town) West Huangshi Village (Yi Bei Town, Zezhou County) Suzhuang Village (Hexi Town, Gaoping City) Xiangyu Village (Zhengcun Town, Qinshui County) Wanghuagou Village (Laishan Township, ningwu county) Beiyao Village (Beiyao Town, Taigu County) Lengquan Village (Duliang Town, Lingshi County) Yanjing Village (Gaocun Township, Wanrong County) Guangcun Village. Jinmiaopu Town) Yedi Village (Nancun Town, Zezhou County) Ao intellectual village (Yanggao Township, Pingshun County) Gulian Village (Jialing Town, Qixian County) Fangbo Village (Sizhuang Town, Gaoping City) Tuncheng Village (Runcheng Town, Yangcheng County) Remarks: The words in brackets are the location of famous cultural towns and villages; The table information is compiled from the website of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.