Key points of geography knowledge in the first volume of the first day of junior high school

The content of geography in grade one is easy to understand, and the part that needs to be recited accounts for a large proportion. The following are the main points of geography knowledge I brought to you in the first volume of senior one, hoping to help you.

Key points of geography knowledge in the first volume of senior one (1)

1. Tell the global land-sea ratio with maps and data, and describe the land-sea distribution characteristics.

Proportion: the ocean accounts for 765,438+0% of the earth's surface area, and the land accounts for 29% of the earth's surface area. Three parts land, seven parts sea.

Distribution: the distribution of land and sea in the world is very uneven, and the land is mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere; The oceans are mainly distributed in the southern hemisphere.

2. Geographical distribution and overview of the four oceans on seven continents P29 Figure 2.6

① Seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania. (Oceans of Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctica and Europe)

② Four oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean (Yindabei).

③ State boundary:

Asia and Africa: Suez Canal;

North and South America: Panama Canal

Asia and Europe: The Ural Mountains, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, Black Sea and Turkish Strait, which are connected together, are called Eurasia, which is the largest continent with the longest dividing line in the world. From north to south are mountains, rivers, seas (the largest inland lake in the world), mountains and seas, and straits.

3. Weather and our life: Know the difference between "weather" and "climate": the concept of weather and climate: the atmospheric conditions of a place in a short time, such as sunny, rainy, hot and cold. The average weather conditions in a place for many years are different, often changing in a short time, and the changes in a long time are not closely related. Both refer to atmospheric conditions, and climate is the synthesis of long-term weather. 2. Weather forecast chart.

(1) Weather forecast map (satellite cloud image): blue indicates ocean, green indicates land, and white indicates cloudy and rainy areas. The thicker the clouds, the heavier the rain.

(2) Weather forecast chart: Under normal circumstances, the weather forecast should explain the conditions of rain or shine, wind and rain, temperature and precipitation in a day.

Understand:

① Precipitation probability indicates the possibility of precipitation.

(2) Temperature is the degree of heat and cold of the atmosphere, and the unit of temperature is generally expressed in℃, which is pronounced as℃.

③ Representation of wind force and direction. Wind direction refers to the direction in which the wind blows, and wind force refers to the size of the wind.

④ Pollution index and air quality grade: small index and good quality; High grade, poor quality

4. The temperature decreases with the increase of latitude (decreasing northward in the northern hemisphere and decreasing southward in the southern hemisphere).

In the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere, the months are the same, but the seasons are opposite. Winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere are in January; July is summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere)

5. At the same latitude, the land temperature is higher than the ocean in summer and lower than the ocean in winter.

6. The temperature decreases with the elevation. Every time the height rises 100 m, the temperature drops by 0.6℃. The hottest center in the world is in the Sahara desert, and the coldest center in the world is in Antarctica. The cold center of China in summer is on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

7. Distribution law of precipitation

(1) It's rainy in the equatorial region and seldom in the polar regions.

(2) There is more precipitation in the coastal areas of Eurasia and less precipitation in the inland areas.

(3) There is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast of the mainland.

(4) There is more precipitation in mountainous areas and less precipitation in plains.

8. Changes in temperature

Diurnal variation of temperature: the highest temperature appears around 2 pm in a day (14pm); The lowest temperature appears around sunrise. (You can calculate the daily temperature range. Daily temperature range: the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day in a certain place. )

Annual variation of temperature: in a year, the temperature in the northern hemisphere is the highest in July and the lowest in 65438+ 10; The highest in August and the lowest in February in the ocean; The southern hemisphere is the opposite. The annual variation range of temperature can be calculated. Temperature annual range: the difference between the highest monthly average temperature and the lowest monthly average temperature in a place. )

9, the formation of precipitation

① Concept of precipitation: Rain, snow and hail falling from the atmosphere are collectively called precipitation.

② Rainfall is the main form of precipitation.

③ The basic instrument for measuring precipitation is the rain gauge.

④ Necessary conditions for precipitation formation: (Warm and humid air flow moves upward)

10, learn to read the annual average precipitation distribution map of the world and tell the difference of precipitation distribution in the world. P56 Figure 3.2 1

① The annual precipitation gradually decreases from equator to poles.

② Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast of the mainland.

(3) In temperate regions, there is less precipitation on the mainland and more precipitation along the coast.

④ There is more precipitation on windward slope and less precipitation on leeward slope in mountainous area.

⑤ The area with the richest precipitation in the world is near the equator; The poorest is the west coast of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer.

⑥ The place with the richest precipitation in the world is Kirabangi, India (the "rain level" in the world); The least place is Atacama Desert (the "dry pole" of the world).

Key points of geography knowledge in the first volume of senior one (2)

1, natural growth rate = birth rate &; Mdash mortality rate. The natural growth rate is greater than 0, indicating that the population has increased; Less than 0, indicating a decrease in population; Equal to 0 means that the population has neither increased nor decreased.

2. Population density: refers to the average number of people living per square kilometer. Population density = total population &; Points; Total area.

3. densely populated areas: southeast Asia, western Europe and southeastern North America, as well as other low-latitude coastal plain areas.

4. sparsely populated areas: extremely arid desert areas, rain forest areas with too humid climate, high latitude areas with severe cold all the year round, high plateaus and mountains.

5. Population growth should be compatible with social and economic development and coordinated with environment and resources.

6. Problems caused by too little population: aging population, labor shortage and insufficient national defense forces.

7. White people: mainly distributed in Europe; Yellow race: mainly distributed in Asia; Black: Mainly distributed in Africa.

Chinese is the most spoken language in the world; English is the most widely used language in the world.

9. Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish and Arabic are the main languages in the world and the working languages of the United Nations.

10 and _ _ _ are the religions with the largest number of followers in the world, which were formed in West Asia, and their representative buildings are churches.

Key points of geography knowledge in the first volume of senior one (3)

1. Islam originated in Arabian Peninsula and is also called Islam or Puritanism in China. Its followers are called Muslims, and the representative building is a mosque.

Buddhism was founded in India, and now it is mainly distributed in the east and southeast of Asia, and its representative building is the Buddhist temple.

3. Villages and cities are collectively called settlements. First, rural settlements, and then urban settlements.

4. Elevated residential buildings in Southeast Asia; Houses in western Asia have thick walls and small windows; Inuit igloos in the Arctic; Cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau; Dai bamboo building in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. 1. In terms of land area, it is17.07 million KM2 in Russia, 9.97 million KM2 in Canada, 9.6 million KM2 in China, 9.37 million KM2 in the United States, 8.54 million KM2 in Brazil and 7.69 million KM2 in Australia.

According to different levels of economic development, countries in the world are divided into developed countries and developing countries.

6. Developed countries are mainly distributed in Europe, North America and Oceania.

7. Developing countries are mainly distributed in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

8. North-South dialogue: political and economic negotiations between developing and developed countries.

9. South-South cooperation: mutual assistance and cooperation among developing countries.

10. The United Nations is the largest international organization in the world, and its basic purpose is to "promote national development and safeguard world peace".