Brief introduction and detailed information of Baotu Spring

The origin of the historical evolution name Baotu Spring did not have an official name at first. Baotu Spring is the source of ancient water, so it is often called Baotu Spring by Zhuo in history. Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote in the Notes on Water Classics: "The long water flows from the southwest of the old city of Licheng County, and the spring water is vigorous and the water rushes like a wheel." Later, there was a temple dedicated to E Huang and Nv Ying on the spring water, also known as the "Goose Ying Water".

When Ceng Gong became Zhou Zhi of qi zhou in Song Dynasty, he named Baotu Spring as "Threshold Spring". "threshold", under the guise of abuse, means flooding. The classic "threshold spring" comes from the Book of Songs, and the poem "Elegant View" says: "Boiling threshold spring is deep." But the people of Jinan simply abandoned it, because it was too elegant to be called "threshold spring". On this matter, Yuan Haowen of the Jin Dynasty recorded in Ji 'nan Travel Notes: "In modern times, a satrap changed the name of the spring to the threshold spring and established the threshold spring square, which is poetic. However, the natives are still screaming and exploding as before. " People in Jinan still call it "explosion spring". The name "explosive flow" has many similar terms, and "sudden explosion" is one of them.

Ceng Gong recorded in "Two Chapters of qi zhou": "From Yabei (thirsty for horses) to the west of Licheng, fifty miles from Fiona Fang, there is a spring spewing out, or several feet high, which is called Chutu Spring". The so-called "bump" means jumping and rushing.

Development and Evolution In 2002, according to the study of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province, the record of Baotu Spring can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty at the earliest, which is 3543 years ago. Baotu Spring is the source of ancient water, which was called "Dragon" in ancient times. As early as 2,600 years ago, the chronicle Spring and Autumn Annals recorded "Lu Huangong Huilong".

Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty said: "Spring water rushes like a wheel, and snow waves are several feet. The sound is like hidden thunder. " "Long water flows out from the southwest of the old city of Licheng County. The spring water is vigorous, and the water rushes like a wheel, flooding the three caves."

In the Song Dynasty, when Ceng Gong was the magistrate of qi zhou, he built the Luoyuan Hall beside the spring and wrote the Records of Two Chapters in qi zhou, which officially gave Luoshui the name of Baotu Spring. This spring is also called "Threshold Spring", "Goose River", "Hot Spring", "Waterfall Living Water" and "Water of Three Rivers". "Two Chapters of qi zhou" said: "From the north of Cliff (thirsty horse) to the west of Licheng, fifty miles away from Fiona Fang, there is a spring spewing out, which is as high as several feet, and it is called' Chutu' spring."

According to legend, Emperor Gan went down to the south of the Yangtze River and took Yuquan water from Beijing when he left Beijing. After he tasted Baotu spring water in Jinan, he immediately changed to Baotu spring water and named Baotu spring "the first spring in the world".

The closure experienced in the late 1990s. Due to the hydrological situation in Jinan, Baotu Spring often falls into the dilemma of seasonal production suspension, and the production suspension in 200 1 year set a historical record of 890 days. The stop of spring water spraying shows the importance of current environmental protection from one side. Since September, 2003, Baotu Spring has basically recovered the scene of continuous spring water in four seasons after taking measures such as increasing groundwater protection and releasing water to protect the spring. Later, in May and June of 2007, there was a breakup. However, after the heavy rain in Jinan in July 18, Baotu Spring once again resumed the scene of constant spring water all year round.

20 14, 14 On February 26th, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.95m, and fell below the orange warning line of 28m for 13 days, reaching the lowest water level in the same period since Baotu Spring was restored in 2003. In 20 14, the precipitation in Jinan decreased by more than 30% compared with the same period of normal years, which made Baotu Spring, which spewed 1 1 year, face the crisis of stopping spewing again.

On April 8, 2065438+May 8, Baotu Spring was stopped, and the phenomenon of illegal exploitation of groundwater increased. From March 22nd to June 6th, the water level of Baotu Spring continuously fell below the red warning water level 1 1 day. On June 6th, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.65m, approaching the red warning line of 27.6m again, which was 28cm lower than that of May 12 and 37cm lower than that of 20 14. In June, due to the dry weather, the water level of Baotu Spring in Jinan continued to drop, and the phenomenon of "fish climbing mud" appeared on the lake, and the fish showed their backbone in the middle of the mud.

On April 2, 20 16, the water level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.38 meters, which fell below another important mark, and only the weak water level remained in the three spouts of Baotu Spring. Another well-known spring, Black Tiger Spring, has a great drop in water potential. The animal head on the west side has been completely cut off, and the other two are also very weak. On the 7th, the water level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.47m, 2 1 cm lower than that of the same period last year, the lowest level since Baotu Spring continued to gush in 2003. In order to slow down the decline of groundwater level, the relevant departments of Jinan immediately called the Yangtze River for water supply, and the daily water supply reached more than 300,000 cubic meters.

On the afternoon of 20 15, 15, the water level of Baotu Spring soared after the rain. The water level of Baotu Spring rose to 27.49 meters in the morning, 7 centimeters higher than the previous day, and 32 centimeters higher than the lowest real-time water level of 27. 17 meters more than ten days ago, and gradually separated from the blowout crisis zone.

20 1 65438+In June of 2007 10, the water level of Baotu Spring has been lower than the orange warning line for 8 consecutive days, setting the lowest water level in history since the re-injection in spring of 2003, nearly1m lower than the same period last year, and falling below the orange line three months earlier.

The water level reached a new high. In 2005, the water level of Baotu Spring began to rise continuously, and the exposed elevation of the water level reached 29.94 meters, breaking the record of the highest water level of 29.90 meters and setting a new record since the resurgence in 2003.

Since July 2005, the water level of Baotu Spring has started to rise, especially since mid-July, the water level has been rising almost every day. As the water level rises, the scene of "sudden flying", once the first of the eight scenic spots in Jinan, reappears, and the spring water generated and ejected in the three caves reaches 40-50 cm.

20 10 On September 23rd, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring rose to 30.0 1m, the highest level since 1966.

On September 6th, 2065438+2004, the water level of Baotu Spring reached 28.3 1 m, which was 27.00 m higher than the cutoff line and 1 m higher. Baotu Spring has been spewing continuously 12 years since it was restored on September 6, 2003, setting the longest record of continuous spewing of spring water in recent 40 years.

On August 17, 2065438, the water level of Baotu Spring rose to 29. 14 meters after the rain, rising by 27 cm overnight. The gushing Baotu Spring forms white fog in the cool air in early autumn, and three streams of water "surge like wheels", which reproduces the famous landscape "cloud steaming" in history.

On August 3, 20 19, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring reached 28.44 meters. On June 4th, 65438, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring reached 28.54m, which was higher than 28.35m in 20 17, 28.05m in 20 15 and 27.98m in 20 18.

Location Baotu Spring is located in the center of Jinan, bordering quancheng square, Baotu Spring South Road and the middle section of Luoyuan Street in the west and Wulongtan Park in the north.

The spring pool is 30 meters long from east to west and 20 meters wide from north to south. The spring water is divided into three streams and gushes out of the ground. Baotu Spring is surrounded by large blocks of masonry, overlooking the wonders of the three springs spewing in the pool. There are more than 30 famous springs near Baotu Spring, such as Jinxianquan, Shuyuanquan, Xibo Spring, Liuxuquan, Huanghua Spring, Dukangquan and Bailongquan, which constitute Baotu Spring Group.

Geological conditions The gushing spring of Baotu Spring is related to the topographical structure of Jinan. South of Jinan is mountainous and hilly, with Qianfo Mountain, and north is the Yellow River Plain. Jinan is located at the junction of mountains and plains. The mountainous area of Jinan city is composed of limestone, and magmatic rocks are hidden under the soil of the plain.

Limestone in mountainous areas was formed about 400 million years ago, and its texture is relatively pure. Limestone inclines from south to north with an inclination of about 30. Limestone itself is not very dense, with cracks, cracks and caves, which can store and transport groundwater. Groundwater flows to Jinan along the slope of limestone layer and becomes the source of Jinan spring water.

Magmatic rocks under the plain are closely organized. After the groundwater flows here, it can't flow when it touches magmatic rocks. Magmatic rocks are covered with impermeable clay layers, so groundwater can't freely flow out of the ground. These blocked groundwater, under strong pressure, rushed to the ground from underground cracks, forming these springs. Baotu Spring is one of them.

Hydrological characteristics Baotu Spring gushes out 70,000 cubic meters of spring water every day. Baotu spring water gushed from underground limestone cave. There are three outlets in the spring, and the amount of water is huge. The maximum water inflow 1.62 million m/day, and the exposed elevation can reach 26.49 m. The bacterial content of water quality is extremely low, which meets the national drinking water standard after testing. Spring water is constant at around 18℃ all the year round, and there is a thin layer of smoke on the water surface in severe winter, which Jinan people call "cloud steaming and fog moistening".

There is a golden inscription with a blue background on the south gate of Baotu Spring, the main scenic spot. It is the imperial pen of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and some people call it the "first door" of China gardens.

Guanlan Pavilion Guanlan Pavilion will be built in the fifth year tomorrow (146 1). Wei and Wu, two internal prison officers, were sent to Jinan by an imperial envoy to build a pavilion (also known as the Governor's Building of Hu Maozong) beside the spring, and named it "Guanlan", which was taken from Mencius's "Seeing water and having skills, we must observe its rings". The pavilion was originally a long pavilion with four sides and was semi-enclosed. Su Zhe, a great litterateur in the Song Dynasty, once served as secretary Zhang in Xining for six years (1073), and recited many places of interest in Jinan, among which the poem "The Pavilion of the Threshold Springs" is the most famous.

Pavilion Monument There is a stone monument in the water in front of Guanlan Pavilion, with the words "Baotu Spring" written by Hu Yongzong, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. To the east of Dong Chi is the "Laihe Bridge", and a wooden archway stands at the southern end of the bridge. On the horizontal forehead of the wooden archway, there are words such as "blessed in heaven" and "old traces of Pengshan".

There is also a stone tablet next to Baotu Spring, with the title "First Spring", which is dark green and inscribed by ō Rissei Lin Zhong during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (186 1- 1874).

Guanlan Bridge Guanlan Bridge is located on the west side of Baotu Spring, between Eying Temple and Tongluo Garden. The bridge is 3 meters wide and 5 meters long, and it is arched. It is built in accordance with the national style and has an east-west structure. Because you can see Baotu spring water on the bridge, it is called Guanlan Bridge.

Guanghui Bridge Guanghui Bridge is about 30 meters north of Guanlan Bridge. This bridge is recorded in Li Cheng of Ming Dynasty and Li Cheng County Records of Chongzhen. On the south wall of the bridge, there is an inscription "Rebuilding Guanghui Bridge in Tongzhi for four years", including Jinan Dabanqiao and Baotu Spring thousands of meters south of the bridge. The spring of Qingshan is connected with the north water. At the turn of summer and autumn, the mountains and rivers are rising and surging.

Shi Gui is a relic of Yuan Sanqu composer Zhang's villa in North Park. According to the examination, there were 10 pieces in Trang Van at that time, which were called "Ten Friends", among which Lingshi, Longfeng, Turtle and Lin were particularly famous. After the Ming Dynasty, he moved to Yuting, Confucius Temple and Baotu Spring in Jinan.

There used to be a forest stone in Baotu Spring, which was blown up by Japanese imperialist planes during the July 7th Incident. This turtle stone is the only one of the four lingshi. It is a delicate and lifelike Taihu stone, nearly 4 meters high and weighing about 8 tons. This stone is tall and straight, porous, with obvious ribs and many protrusions, which has the characteristics of "wrinkling, thinness, transparency and leakage" in Taihu stone products.

Luoyuantang Luoyuantang is located on the north bank of Baotu Spring, formerly known as Ejiang Temple or Eying Temple. A group of buildings with three entrances used to be the site of the ancient Ejina Temple. It was originally dedicated to the two daughters of Dashun's wife Tang Yao: E Huang and Nv Ying. After Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was changed to Lvzu Temple, dedicated to Lv Dongbin, a new Taoist god who gradually became popular after Song Dynasty. Ceng Gong, a famous litterateur, was the magistrate of qi zhou during the Xining period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1072- 1073). He built two halls in Longshui, and the south hall was adjacent to the source of Longshui, so it was called "Luoyuan Hall". The north hall is adjacent to Mount Li in the south, which is called "Mount Li Hall". Later, Yuan Haowen in the Jin Dynasty changed Luoyuan and Lishan into Lv Gong Temple. Zhang Kuiguang, the salt ambassador in Ming Dynasty, Fan Shiying, the magistrate of Jinan, and Lu Huangzhong, the magistrate of Licheng County, changed the temple into a pavilion. Since then, the original name of Luoyuantang has been restored.

Luoyuantang, with three bedrooms and two floors, faces south and is built on the same central axis. It is a large group of Ming and Qing architecture.

Laihe Bridge Laihe Bridge was originally a wooden bridge, with a north-south longitudinal direction, east of Baotu Spring Pool and southwest of Wanghege. It was founded by Zhang, the magistrate of Licheng in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, rebuilt by Fan Shiying, the magistrate of Jinan in Apocalypse period, and rebuilt by Cheng Gong, the supervisor of history in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty. They were all made of wood, and later they were changed into flat stone bridges. 1964 When Baotuquan Park was expanded, the slate was replaced. 1975, stone fences were set on both sides of the bridge.

Baixuelou Baixuelou is located in the southeast of Baotu Spring, which was built in memory of Li Panlong, a writer of Ming Dynasty. In his later years, Li Panlong built another floor in Baihuazhou near Daming Lake, also known as "Snow House".

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1572- 1620), Ye Mengxiong, a right-hand envoy from Shandong, admired Li Panlong and invested in the construction of the third igloo beside Baotu Spring. Baotu Spring was demolished in 1956 when the park was expanded, because the building was dilapidated. 1996 reconstruction.

Protection measures 1979, Jinan announced Luoyuantang as a key cultural relics protection unit in Jinan.

Jinan strictly examines and approves the construction projects within the scope of protection, and adopts various measures such as reducing groundwater exploitation and timely artificial precipitation enhancement to scientifically protect spring water. From 20 16, Jinan revised the Regulations on the Protection of Famous Springs in Jinan, compiled the Master Plan for the Protection of Famous Springs in Jinan, and delineated the ecological red line for the protection of famous springs. Focus on strengthening the ecological protection and comprehensive management of the mountain area in southern Jinan, the source of spring water, and optimize the allocation of water resources; Improve the spring landscape and spring protection environment, and improve the efficiency of spring protection and utilization.

From 20 12, Jinan City Landscaping Bureau and Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources jointly started the application of provincial geological parks. It has successively passed the qualification examination and approval of the Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the expert evaluation of the provincial geological park planning of Baotuquan Group in Jinan.

Baotu Spring successfully passed the acceptance of the Provincial Department of Land and Resources on August 65438+August 08+September 5, 2006.

Cultural activities and festivals Baotu Spring Lantern Festival: Baotu Spring Lantern Festival has a long history. It is held every year on the first day of the first lunar month and lasts for one month. It is a major cultural brand in Jinan and a major winter tourism project. There is a saying that "watching lanterns in Baotu Spring is not Chinese New Year". Chrysanthemum Exhibition: Baotu Spring enjoys chrysanthemums for a long time. Spring Culture Festival: Baotu Spring Water Culture Festival is held in late September every year. At this time, many springs are surging and springs are flourishing, which generally lasts for about ten days. Opera singing, folk activities, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, Baotuquan performances, acrobatics and other activities. Cultural celebrities of past dynasties, such as Su Shi, Yuan Haowen, Zhao Mengfu, Zhang, Wang Shizhen, Pu Songling, He, Guo Moruo and Qi Gong, have all written poems about Baotu Spring and its surrounding places of interest.

Ceng Gong Qilv Baotu Spring: Those who follow Yurun from a distance and scatter dust from the mountains in the dark. Winter is often warm early, and moist spring tea tastes more real. I feel that the roadside is like a mirror, and the most pitiful sand is like a wheel. Once the city of Qilu will be sealed, the situation will be entrusted to the world. Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, described it as "looking at the jade pagoda from the waves". Zhao Mengfu, a famous painter and poet in Yuan Dynasty, praised in his poem Baotu Spring: "The long water has nowhere to grow, and the white jade pot gushes out from the ground", which is two or three feet above the water surface. How did the Qing Dynasty poet describe it as "pearls fly upside down"? Liu E's Travels of Lao Can in Qing Dynasty wrote: "Three springs emerged from the bottom of the pool and rose to two or three feet above the water". The description of Baotu Spring in Licheng County Records is the most detailed: "The snow waves in the three caves of Pingquan Source are several feet high, and the sound is like hidden thunder, which is the same in winter and summer." The writer Pu Songling thinks Baotu Spring is "the first spring in the world, and Qimen resort is unparalleled". Tourist information ticket information Baotu Spring scenic spot ticket is 40.00 yuan. Spring and summer (April10-1October 10) 19:00-22:00, the fare is 20.00 yuan/person; Autumn and winter (65438+1October1April10)18: 00-2100, the ticket price is 20 yuan/person, except for the Spring Festival Lantern Festival performance in Baotuquan.

Baotu Spring and Qianfo Mountain, Jinan Zoo, Jinan Botanical Garden joint ticket price 70 yuan.

Opening hours are from 07: 00 to 22: 00 (spring, summer and autumn); 07:00-2 1:00 (winter). /kloc-the ticket stops at 0/8: 00.

The best time is September-165438+1October. After the supplement of concentrated precipitation in July and August, the groundwater level in Jinan will increase obviously, and the spring water in the urban area will have a unique autumn surge scene, so autumn after the rainy season is the best time to travel to Jinan every year.

Traffic information bus

Bus lines: citizens can take K 1, K5, K59, K10, K1,K 104, K 109, K4 1 and K5 1. Bus lines K49, B52, K54, K72, k96, B 100, K 102, K 128, B 165 are at Baotu Spring North Gate, Baotu Spring East Gate and Baotu Spring East Gate.