China New Year Weather Calendar

The traditional names of the Spring Festival are New Year, New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve, but they are also called New Year's Eve verbally to celebrate New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve. In ancient times, the Spring Festival refers to the beginning of spring in the solar terms and is also regarded as the beginning of a year. Later, it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month as the New Year.

The Spring Festival is coming, which means that spring is coming, everything is renewed, vegetation is renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season is about to begin. People have just spent the long winter in the world of ice and snow, and have long been looking forward to the day when spring is blooming and full of vitality. When the new year comes, people will naturally rejoice and greet the festival with songs and dances. Spring Festival is also called Lunar New Year, Lunar New Year, Lunar New Year and Lunar New Year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year". The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, the Spring Festival once referred to beginning of spring in the 24 solar terms, and later it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month (that is, the first day of the first lunar month), which was regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, that is, the beginning of a year. According to the China lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is called Yuanri, Chen Yuan, Jacky, Yuanshuo and New Year's Day, commonly known as the first day of the first month. This is the biggest and most lively traditional festival in China. Traditionally, the Spring Festival begins on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, or in La Worship on the 23rd and 24th of the twelfth lunar month, and ends on the 15th day of the first month (some are the 19th day of the first month). In some places, it even ends in the first month, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month as the climax.

Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival of Han nationality. During the traditional festival Spring Festival, people will hold various celebrations, most of which focus on offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, offering sacrifices to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, welcoming the new and welcoming the good, and praying for a bumper harvest. Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li, Manchu, Mongolian, etc. There is also the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics. The Spring Festival is the main festival to celebrate the New Year in many countries and regions in East Asia. Vietnamese is called "Tt Nguyên án" (New Year) and Japanese is called "the first month" (Note: the Japanese festival "the first month" is similar to the New Year in China, that is, 1. After the Meiji Restoration, it was renamed the old first month. Now, besides China, Korean Peninsula, Viet Nam and Japan, Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in Mongolia, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China. The word "Spring Festival" has been selected as the largest festival in China, and world record association and China rank first among the four traditional festivals in China. On May 20th, 2006, the folk custom of "Spring Festival" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

One legend is that ...

The Spring Festival has a long history. It is said that there was a custom of "Spring Festival" as early as the Neolithic Yao and Shun Dynasties. There is a legend about the origin of the Spring Festival. In ancient China, there was a beast called Nian. "Nian", with long tentacles on his head, is extremely fierce. I lived at the bottom of the sea for many years in, and only climbed ashore on certain days (that is, New Year's Eve now) to devour livestock and kill people. So every New Year's Eve, people in the village fled to the deep mountains to avoid the harm of Nian. One year on New Year's Eve, an old beggar came from outside the village. The village was in a hurry and panic, and nobody paid attention to him. Only an old woman in the east of the village gave the old man some food and suggested that he go up the mountain quickly to avoid the New Year. The old man lifted his beard and smiled: "If my mother-in-law lets me stay at home for one night, I will definitely drive Nian away." The old woman continued to persuade and begged the old man to laugh without saying a word. In the middle of the night, nian broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from previous years: the old woman's house at the east end of the village had red paper on the door and bright candles in the room. Nian trembled and gave a long cry. Near the door, there was a sudden "crackling" explosion in the hospital, and Nian trembled and dared not go any further. It turns out that Nian was most afraid of red, fire and explosion. At this time, my mother-in-law's door opened and I saw an old man in a red robe laughing in the hospital. "Nian" was frightened to disgrace and fled in confusion. The next day was the first day of the first month, and the people who came back from refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this time, the old woman suddenly realized and quickly told the villagers the promise of begging for the elderly. The story soon spread in the surrounding villages, and people knew the way to drive away Nian. Since then, every year on New Year's Eve, every family has posted red couplets and set off firecrackers. Every household has a bright candlelight, so it is better to wait for the New Year. In the early morning of the first day, I want to say hello to my relatives and friends. This custom is widely circulated and has become the most solemn traditional festival among the people in China. It is said that "Spring Festival" originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the early and late Shang Dynasty in China (La Worship). In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was an annual custom of celebrating harvest and offering sacrifices to ancestors at the turn of the new year, which can be regarded as the embryonic form of the year. However, the name of "Nian" appeared late, and the name of Nian began in the Zhou Dynasty. In order to show the authority of the "son of heaven" and inherit the throne, ancient emperors often relied on their own calendars (the time of one year was different in different dynasties in history). In the Xia dynasty, January was the first year; December is the beginning of Shang Dynasty, November is the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, and October is the beginning of Qin Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi issued a letter to promote taichu calendar, clearly stipulating that the first day of January is the beginning of a year, which is called the Summer New Year). It was not until the Western Han Dynasty that the year 2000 was officially set, and it has continued to this day. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (140 ~ 87 BC) succeeded to the throne and decided to rebuild the calendar unification. Sima Qian suggested the establishment of taichu calendar, and the Spring Festival was held in the first month of Meng Chun. The calendar we adopt today has been revised by many dynasties since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but the first day of the first lunar month, as the most solemn festival of the Chinese nation, has been inherited as a fixed day.

origin

The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, also known as the lunar year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year". This is an ancient traditional festival with the oldest, grandest and most lively folk history in China, and it is also the same festival for Han and Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li nationalities. Han people celebrate the Spring Festival for a long time, usually from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. The Spring Festival has a history of about three or four thousand years. It turned out to be the first day of the lunar new year, which is what people usually call Chinese New Year. It originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors throughout the Shang Dynasty. There are also many legends about this year. In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called "January Festival", "New Year", "Zheng Dan", "New Year" and "Sanyuan Festival" and so on. After the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), in order to conform to the agricultural season and facilitate statistics, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that people should use the summer calendar, and institutions, factories, mines, schools and organizations should adopt the Gregorian calendar, with Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as "New Year's Day" and the first month of the lunar calendar. According to research, the Spring Festival became an official title after the Revolution of 1911. In June, Wuchang Uprising191.10.12.31.65438 The Hubei military government issued the Notice of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the Conversion of the Republic of China to the Gregorian Calendar, which clearly called the annual festival "Spring Festival". 1949 On September 27th, New China was formally established. At the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference, the Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day was designated as New Year's Day, commonly known as the Gregorian calendar year. The first day of the first lunar month is usually around beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the "Spring Festival", commonly known as the Lunar New Year, which further clarifies that the first day of the first lunar month is called the "Spring Festival", and the name of the "Spring Festival" has been officially included in the festival code of China, and it has indeed been widely circulated so far. The long historical years have made the content of the annual custom activities extremely colorful. Among them, the superstitious contents of offering sacrifices to heaven and gods were gradually eliminated, and the contents rich in life interest such as pasting Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, pasting the word "Fu", cutting window grilles, steaming rice cakes and wrapping jiaozi were handed down.

Festival significance

Since ancient times, people have emphasized the importance of the Spring Festival as the beginning of a year. The Great Biography of Hanshu Shangshu said: "The first day of the first month is a year, a month and a day, so it is called the Three Dynasties, also known as the Three Beginnings." It means: the first day of the first month is the beginning of a year, the beginning of January and the beginning of a day. Du Taiqing's Collection of Jade Candles in Sui Dynasty said: "The first day of the first month is Yuan Day, which also means' three yuan': year yuan, time yuan and month yuan." This day is the beginning of a new year, a new season and a new month. However, this is only the first day of the year determined by our traditional calendar. The date of the Spring Festival is not fixed on the Gregorian calendar, not because our traditional calendar is unscientific, but because our ancestors' philosophical concepts are different from those of westerners. Western philosophy emphasizes opposition, so Christianity can only choose monotheism, and its calendar is based on the sun. China's philosophy emphasizes harmony and harmony between Yin and Yang, so it can last forever, so our calendar pays equal attention to the sun and the moon. The difference between Chinese and western calendars reflects the difference between Chinese and western philosophy. This is a question of cultural choice and values, and there is no more scientific question. Due to the dominant position of western culture, their calendars are widely used all over the world. For convenience, it is appropriate for our government to adopt the Gregorian calendar in its official activities. But the Gregorian calendar can't reflect our ideas, and our traditional festivals can't be reflected on the Gregorian calendar at all. Therefore, the government has also issued a summer calendar to arrange daily life. Not only China, but also South Korea, which is adjacent to the east, implements two calendars at the same time.

Festival custom

Generally speaking, Chinese people eat rice cakes, jiaozi, Ciba, glutinous rice balls, poached eggs, big balls, whole fish, wine, oranges, apples, peanuts, melon seeds, sweets, fragrant tea and dishes. Accompanied by dust removal, bedding washing, preparation of new year's goods, posting Spring Festival couplets and New Year pictures (Zhong Kui, the door god), jiaozi was included.

Sticking paper-cuts, stick grilles, blessing characters, lighting candles, lighting a prosperous fire, setting off firecrackers, watching the Spring Festival, giving lucky money, visiting relatives, sending new year's goods, visiting the flower market, building a social fire, dancing Zhong Kui and many other activities are extremely enjoyable. People in China still have the habit of hanging Chinese knots during the Spring Festival. On the eve of the Lunar New Year, Tianjin people have the custom of inviting Chinese knots to receive Xiang Qiao's blessing at the Qiaoxiang Pavilion, an ancient cultural street. Wenzhou people want to go to their religion, sincerely pray and hope to get happiness with their families in the new year. Mostly Buddhism. For thousands of years, people have made the annual custom celebration extremely colorful. Every year from the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month to New Year's Eve, people call this period "Spring Festival" or "Dust Day", which is the traditional habit of our people. Then, every household prepares new year's goods. About ten days before the festival, people were busy shopping. New year's goods include chicken, duck, fish, tea, wine, oil sauce, North and South roasted seeds and nuts, and fruit with sugar bait. They should also prepare some gifts when visiting relatives and friends in the New Year. Children should buy new clothes and hats to wear in the New Year. Before the Chinese New Year, a New Year greeting in red paper and yellow characters should be posted on the door of the house, that is, Spring Festival couplets written in red paper. There are brightly colored and auspicious New Year pictures in the house. Beautiful window grilles are cut out by ingenious girls and pasted on the windows. Red lanterns are hung in front of the door, or images of the god of wealth and the door gods (Zhong Kui, Qin Qiong and Jingdezhen) are pasted upside down. Passers-by are blessed to think about it. All these activities are aimed at adding enough festive atmosphere to the festival. Another name for the Spring Festival is China New Year. In the past legend, "Nian" is a fictional animal, which will bring bad luck to people. New Year's Eve. When the tree is dead, the grass will not grow; After the New Year, everything grows and flowers are everywhere. How to spend a year? Firecrackers are needed, so there is the custom of setting off firecrackers, which is actually another way to set off a lively scene. The Spring Festival is a happy and peaceful festival, and it is also a day for family reunion. Children who leave home should go home for reunion during the Spring Festival. The night before the Lunar New Year is the 30th night of the twelfth lunar month, also called New Year's Eve and Reunion Night. Celebrating the New Year is one of the most important activities at the turn of the new year. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, got together to drink and enjoy family happiness. In the north, people are used to eating jiaozi on New Year's Eve. Jiaozi's practice is to mix dough first, and the word harmony is harmony. Jiaozi's jiaozi homonym means to get together and to make friends at a young age. In the south, there is a habit of eating rice cakes. The sweet glutinous rice rice cakes symbolize the sweetness of life in the new year, step by step. When the first cock crow rings, or when the New Year bell rings, firecrackers are ringing in the street, and noise comes and goes. Everyone is beaming, and the new year has begun. Men, women and children wear holiday clothes. First of all, pay New Year greetings to the elders at home. Children are also given lucky money, New Year's Eve dinner and New Year's greetings in the second and third years.

They began to visit relatives and friends, exchange New Year greetings, congratulate each other, and say congratulations on making a fortune, making a fortune, celebrating the New Year and offering sacrifices to their ancestors. The warm atmosphere of the festival permeates not only every household, but also the streets and alleys around the country. In some markets, there are customs such as Nuo dancing and Zhong Kui dancing, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns, performing social fires, visiting flower markets and temple fairs. During this period, lanterns are all over the city and tourists are all over the streets. It was very lively and unprecedented, and the Spring Festival didn't really end until after the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. During the Spring Festival, setting off firecrackers, posting calligraphy and paintings on doors and windows to pray for blessings and decorating homes are the most common customs of this festival. Set off firecrackers There is a folk proverb in China called "Open the door and set off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker". Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people. Wang Anshi's poem "January Day" says: firecrackers make one year old, and spring breeze warms Tu Su. Thousands of families are dying. Always trade new peaches for old ones. It depicts the grand festival scene of China people celebrating the Spring Festival. Firecrackers are a sign of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and also an expression of festive atmosphere. In ancient times, during the Spring Festival, chickens were painted on doors and windows to drive away ghosts and evil spirits. The book Xuan Zhong Ji written by Jin people mentioned the pheasant on Dushuo Mountain mentioned above, saying that the pheasant crowed when the sun just rose and the first ray of sunshine shone on this big tree. When it crows, chickens all over the world crow with it. Chicken cut during the Spring Festival actually symbolizes pheasant. In ancient mythology, there is also a saying that chickens are deformed birds. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Yao, friends in the past paid tribute to a Chongming bird, which could ward off evil spirits. Everyone welcomes the arrival of Chongming birds every year, but envoys don't come every year. People carve wooden birds, or put them in bronze statues on portals, or draw them on doors and windows to scare off monsters and make them afraid to come again. Because the bird looks like a chicken, it gradually changed to draw a chicken or cut window flowers and stick them on doors and windows, which became the source of paper-cutting art in later generations. China paid special attention to chickens in ancient times and called them "birds with five virtues". "Biography of Korean Poetry" says that a crown on the head is Wende; There is a distance behind the foot to play, which is martial arts; It is brave for the enemy to dare to fight before; It is benevolence to have food to welcome the same kind; Vigilance and dawn are beliefs. Therefore, people not only cut and paste chickens during the Chinese New Year, but also set the first day of the New Year as Chicken Day. Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Picture "Whip the Gatekeeper at once"

There is a custom of putting up doors for the New Year in all parts of China. At first, the janitor carved mahogany into a human shape and hung it next to people. Later, it was painted as a janitor and posted on the door. The legendary brothers Shen Tu and Lei Yu specialize in ghosts. They guard the portal, and evil spirits dare not enter the portal to harm. However, the real historical records are not shentu and Lei Yu, but an ancient warrior named Cheng qin. According to the biography of Han Guang written by Ban Gu, the portrait of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, was painted on the gate of King Guang Chuan (Quping), wearing shorts and holding a sword. In the Tang Dynasty, the gatekeeper was the "Tang" of Happy Valley, the hometown of Zhong Kui in Anhu County, Shaanxi Province. Zhong Kui, the god of blessing in the town house, was replaced by Qin. The Journey to the West's narrative is more detailed. "Many dragon kings made a dogma in order to bet with a Mr. Bubu, so they should ask questions. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zhi as the supervisor. King Jinghe pleaded with Emperor Taizong for his life. Emperor Taizong agreed, and when it was time to kill the dragon, he summoned Wei Zhi to play chess with him. Unexpectedly, Wei Zhi took a nap in the rain, and his soul ascended to heaven and beheaded the Dragon King. The Dragon King complained that Taizong had broken his word and cried outside the palace day and night for his life. Emperor Taizong told his ministers that General Qin Baoshu said, "I would like to stand outside with Wei Chijingde and wear a uniform. ".Emperor Taizong agreed. There was really nothing that night. Emperor Taizong could not bear the hardships of the two generals, so he ordered the skillful Dan Qing to draw the true faces of the two generals and stick them on the door. "There are also paintings by Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as door gods. Every household has a door god, and later generations often draw a pair of door gods as martial arts. Door gods are divided into three categories: the first category is "door gods", which are mostly attached to doors or the whole door, about four or five feet high and two or three feet wide. The second kind is the "door keeper", which is attached to the small street door, about two feet high and one foot wide. These two door gods are two gods with a black face and a white face. White left black right, white easy, black evil, each holding a slap in the face. The third category is the "gatekeeper", which is a little smaller and more limited than the street keeper. It is also a black and white Er Shen, but there are also two black and white statues sitting like statues. At most, there is a picture of "Kirin sending a child" posted on the door, and there are two plump pink dolls with comb crowns, each riding a unicorn. This kind of door god should have been stuck on the wedding door for good luck, and later it was also used as a New Year decoration for ordinary street doors. Sticking Spring Festival couplets is also called door couplets, Spring Festival couplets, couplets and peach symbols. It depicts the background of the times and expresses good wishes with neat, dual, concise and exquisite words, which is a unique literary form in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival. This custom began in the Song Dynasty and was popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works. There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls. While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on doors, walls and lintels. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" symbolizes good luck and wishes for a happy life and a bright future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply put the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived". Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, etc. On the stick grilles, folks also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on the window, it is also called "window grilles". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles make auspicious things and good wishes "more than enough every year"

Show it incisively and vividly, and decorate the festival perfectly. It is also common to post New Year pictures in urban and rural areas during the Spring Festival. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperous and joyful festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, which reflects people's simple customs and beliefs and places their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of block printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful. Some New Year pictures workshops have produced classic color New Year pictures, such as Fu Lushou Sanxing, Zhong Kui Town House Blessing, Zhong Kui Calendar, God Bless the People, Harvest of Five Grains, Prosperity of Six Livestock and Welcome to the New Year, to meet people's needs. Sticking a thousand to hang a thousand is to carve auspicious words on red paper and stick them in front of the door with a long ruler and A Zhi, which embodies the symbol of peach. There are eight immortals hanging in front of the Buddha; Multi-purpose hanging thousands of households; Noble families use less; Its yellow paper is three inches long and red paper is more than one inch long, which is a "small hanging thousand" and is used by shops. The earliest thousands of hanging coins were linked by making money (copper coins), which, like lucky money, had an overwhelming victory effect. In the north, some families have to provide a pot of rice, which was cooked for the China New Year many years ago. It's called "annual meal", which means that there are leftovers every year, which can't be eaten all year round, and this year we still eat the grain of the previous year. This bowl of New Year's Eve dinner is usually cooked with rice and millet. As the saying goes in Beijing, it is called "two rice" because it is yellow and white. This is called "golden rice with gold and silver, gold and silver everywhere".

Twenty-three and twenty-four of the twelfth lunar month

The 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month, also known as "off-year", is the day when people worship the kitchen. The folk song "Twenty-three, Melon Stick" refers to the sacrificial stove on the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month every year. There is a saying that "officials, three people, four boatmen and five", that is, on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the government held a sacrifice to the kitchen, on the 24th, the general public, and on the 25th, the boat was built. Off-year is the beginning and foreshadowing of the whole Spring Festival celebration, and there are two main activities: sweeping the New Year and offering sacrifices to stoves. In addition, there is the custom of eating stove candy. In some places, we also eat fire, sugar cakes, oil cakes and tofu soup. As early as the Song Dynasty, there was a record of a small annual leave on the 24th day of the lunar calendar, but at that time, the small annual leave was divided into two days, so the custom of a small annual leave on the 24th day of the lunar calendar had a longer history. So when did it change? This is going to the Qing Dynasty. The Qing emperor began to offer sacrifices to the gods in Kunning Palace on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. In order to save money, the emperor also offered sacrifices to the kitchen god. Later, the royal family and Baylor followed suit and sacrificed stoves on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. Since then, there has been a division between the government and the people, and they live a small life on different days. Sacrifice to the stove king shrine

Sacrificing stoves is a very popular custom in China. In the past, almost every kitchen had a kitchen god. People call this god "the Bodhisattva who commands life" or "the stove commands life". It is said that he is the "Nine-day East Chef Commanding the Kitchen Palace" sealed by the Jade Emperor, who is responsible for managing the kitchen fires of various families and is worshipped as the patron saint of the family. Kitchen shrines are mostly located in the north or east of the kitchen, with the idol of Kitchen God in the middle. Some people who don't have the niche of the Kitchen King even put the idol directly on the wall. Some gods only draw a kitchen god, while others have two men and women. The goddess is called "Grandma Chef". The sacrificial furnace on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is closely related to the New Year in China. Because, a week later, on New Year's Eve, Kitchen God came to the world with the good and bad fortune that the family should get. Kitchen God is considered to guide the gods in the sky. Other gods have ascended to heaven after the Chinese New Year, and only Kitchen God will stay in other people's kitchens for a long time. The ceremony of welcoming God is called "receiving God", and the kitchen god is called "receiving kitchen". Generally, it is New Year's Eve to pick up the kitchen, and the ceremony is much simpler. At that time, just put on a new stove lamp and burn incense in front of the stove niche. As the saying goes, "Men don't Yue Bai, women don't sacrifice to the kitchen". In some places, women don't sacrifice stoves. It is said that the kitchen god looks like a small white face and is afraid of women offering sacrifices to the kitchen stove, which is "suspected of men and women." People pay attention to eating jiaozi on the Festival of Sacrificing Kitchen, which means "Look at the windward side of jiaozi". Eat more cakes and buckwheat noodles in mountainous areas. In the southeast of Shanxi, the custom of eating fried corn is popular. There is a saying in the folk proverb called "Twenty-three, don't eat fried corn, pour a pot at the beginning of the new year". People like to bond fried corn with maltose and freeze it into pieces, which tastes crisp and sweet. After the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, every household should steam steamed bread. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two types: worshipping God and visiting relatives. The former is solemn, while the latter is gorgeous. Especially to make a jujube hill for Kitchen God. "A steamed bread, neighbors to help". This is often a great opportunity for folk women to show their dexterity. Steamed bread is a handicraft. After writing Spring Festival couplets on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household should write Spring Festival couplets. People pay attention to it, and God will stick it, and doors will stick it, and things will stick it, so Spring Festival couplets have the largest number and the most complete content. The couplets in front of the statues are particularly particular, and they are mostly words of admiration and blessing. Vulgar gods are the gods of heaven and earth. "Heaven's grace is as deep as the sea, and earth's virtue is as heavy as mountains"; The land god "white jade is born in the soil, and gold is born in the ground"; God of wealth "God of wealth in heaven, God of wealth on earth"; Jing Shenlian "The well can pass through the four seas, and the home can pass through the three rivers". The Spring Festival couplets in granaries and barns all express warm congratulations and hopes, such as "five crops are abundant and six livestock are prosperous"; "The rice surface is as thick as a mountain, and the oil and salt are as deep as the sea"; "Nanshan cattle are like tigers, Beihai Ma Rulong"; "Big sheep flourish every year, and little sheep increase every month" and so on. There are also some single couplets, such as "Looking up to see happiness" in each room, "Going out to see happiness" across the door, "Prosperity is soaring to the sky" on the fire, "The courtyard is full of gold" on the tree, and "Deep-rooted foliage" on the stone mill. The couplets on the gate are the facade of a family, which are particularly exquisite, lyrical or picturesque, rich in content and witty. Eating stove candy is a kind of maltose, which is very sticky. The candy that is drawn into a long strip is called "Guandong Sugar", and the candy that is drawn into a flat circle is called "Tanggua". When it is put outside in winter, because of the cold weather, the honeydew melon is solidified firmly, and there are some tiny bubbles in it, which tastes crisp and sweet and has a special flavor. The real kwantung candy is too hard to break. Be sure to split it with a kitchen knife when eating. The material is very heavy and fine. The taste is slightly sour, there is no honeycomb in the middle, each piece weighs one or two, two or four, and the price is relatively expensive. There are two kinds of sugar: sesame sugar and sesame-free sugar. On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, dust the house.

Made of sugar into melon shape or north melon shape, the center is empty, and the skin thickness is less than five points. Although the size is different, the transaction is still calculated by weight. Some big honeydew melons weigh one or two kilograms, but few people buy them as a cover. After sweeping the dust and holding the stove festival, we officially began to prepare for the New Year. Dust removal is year-end cleaning, which is called "house cleaning" in the north and "dust removal" in the south. Cleaning before the Spring Festival is a traditional habit of China people. Clean thoroughly outside, in front of and behind the house to welcome the Spring Festival. The custom of "sweeping the house with dust on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month" has a long history. According to Lu Chunqiu, China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying, because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all "unlucky" and "unlucky". This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.

1February 29th and New Year's Eve.

The night on the last day of the twelfth lunar month, that is, the last day of the lunar year (30 days old and 29 days old) is called "New Year's Eve". It is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month), which is a day for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Because the big moon has 30 days and the small moon has only 29 days, the date of New Year's Eve is different. But this day, whether it is 29 or 30, is customarily called "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together to have a New Year's Eve dinner (the last meal of the Lunar New Year). After New Year's Eve, there is a custom of giving lucky money and staying up on New Year's Eve, which means from the last day of the lunar new year to the first day of the following year. During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, a ceremony of "exorcism" was held in the palace at the end of each year to beat drums to drive away epidemic ghosts, which was called "banishment". Later, the day before New Year's Eve was called "small exorcism". New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, that is, New Year's Eve. Legend has it that this night is the time when the gods in heaven are in the lower world, so there is a custom of receiving gods among the people. Heaven and earth table is a temporary offering table, specially designed for New Year's Eve, mainly used to receive gods. Generally, there is no big Buddhist temple house to pay special attention to, because there are few sacrifices to the Buddha at ordinary times, and a large reward should be given to the Buddha at the end of the year. The content of Heaven and Earth Table is different from that of perennial Buddhist temples. Except for some hanging money, incense sticks, five sacrifices and big sacrifices, most of the idols worshipped are temporary, such as Percentage, which is a woodcut idol album. "Eighteen Buddhas and Gods in the Three Realms of Heaven and Earth", a complete book of color printing, and woodcut on rhubarb fringed paper; Fu Lushou Samsung photo, etc. Some of the above images will be incinerated after receiving the gods, such as "percentage", and some will not be incinerated until the evening shift or even the Lantern Festival. The position of the table is not uniform. For example, the room is spacious and can be put in the house. If there is no land at home, put it in the yard. When children are playing and setting off firecrackers, it is also the busiest time for housewives in the kitchen. Chinese New Year's food was cooked a few days ago, and the New Year's Eve dinner was always cooked by the chef on New Year's Eve. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of New Year's Day will also be wrapped up on the evening of 30th. At this time, everyone's chopping boards are busy chopping meat and vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards in every household, firecrackers in the streets and alleys, the abacus sound of eating New Year's Eve in small shops, laughter and laughter everywhere, one after another, reverberating, interwoven into a cheerful movement on New Year's Eve. Eating New Year's Eve is the most lively and enjoyable time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, there was a big dinner, and the whole family got together, sat around the table and had a reunion dinner. The sense of accomplishment in my heart is beyond words. People not only enjoy the delicious food on the table, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold dishes, stir-fried dishes and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot and the other is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, which indicates that it is thriving; "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing "more happiness and more celebration" and also meaning "more than one year". There are also radishes, commonly known as vegetable heads. Good luck. Lobster, fried fish and other fried foods, wish your family prosperity, such as "cooking oil with fire." Finally, dessert, I wish the future sweet. Even if you can't drink on this day, you can drink a little.