Nanchang uprising process

Nanchang Uprising on August 1st was an armed uprising held by the National Revolutionary Army led by the Chinese Productive Party in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province during the Agrarian Revolutionary War.

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1927 During April and July, Chiang Kai-shek Group and Wang Ching-wei Group in the Kuomintang of China, in collusion with imperialism and the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie, launched counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Wuhan, brutally massacring * * * producers and revolutionary masses, and failed the great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution of the people of China since 1924.

In order to resist the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries and save the China Revolution, the Central Committee was reorganized on July 12, 2002, and the right capitulationist leadership of General Secretary of the Central Committee Chen Duxiu was stopped. Later, he decided to assemble a part of the National Revolutionary Army that he mastered and influenced, join the Second Front Army with Zhang Fakui as the commander in chief, go south to Guangdong to join local revolutionary forces, carry out agrarian revolution, restore revolutionary base areas, and then hold a new Northern Expedition. Li, Deng Zhongxia, Tan Pingshan, Hui, Nie and Ye Ting. Organized the operation in Jiujiang, only to find that Zhang Fakui was in close collusion with Wang Jingwei, and began to persecute * * * producers in the Second Army. He immediately suggested to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that he should rely on the troops under his control and influence to "riot in Nanchang". Accordingly, Li, Hui and Peng Pai were appointed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as secretaries to lead the uprising in Nanchang. The troops scheduled to take part in the uprising are: the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army 1 1 24th Division, 60th Division, the whole of the 20th Army, the 73rd and 75th Regiments of the 25th Division of the Fourth Army, the Education Regiment of the Third Army Officers of the Fifth Army headed by Zhu De and the security team of Nanchang Public Security Bureau, with a total of more than 20,000 people. From July 25th, the 1 1 and 20th armies were respectively commanded by Ye Ting and He Long, and successively concentrated in Nanchang from Jiujiang and Tujiabu (now Yongxiu). 27, Zhou Enlai and others arrived in Nanchang, formed the former enemy committee, and led the preparations for the uprising.

At this time, the third army of the Fifth Army (Commander-in-Chief Zhu Peide) of the Kuomintang Wuhan Government was stationed in Zhangshu, Ji 'an and Wan 'an, the ninth army was stationed in Jinxian and Linchuan, and the sixth army marched in Pingxiang to Nanchang. The remaining troops of the Second Army are located in Jiujiang area; Only the Fifth Army Guard Corps and the Third, Sixth and Ninth Army are stationed in Nanchang and its suburbs, each with more than 3,000 people. The Central Front Committee decided to hold an uprising on August 1 day before reinforcements arrived.

At 2 o'clock on August 1 Sunday, under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng, the Nanchang Uprising began. According to the operational plan of the Central Front Committee, the 20th Army 1 2 Division launched an attack on the defenders of the old Fantai Yamen, Dashiyuan Street and Niuhang Station. 1 1 The 24th Division of the Army launched an attack on the defenders of the Catholic Church in Baisong Lane, the new barracks and Baihuazhou. By dawn, more than 3,000 defenders were wiped out, and more than 5,000 guns (equivalent), more than 700,000 bullets and several cannons were seized. On the afternoon of the same day, the 73rd Regiment, the 75th Regiment, the 3rd Battalion and the 74th Regiment of the 25th Division in Nanchang revolted under the leadership of Nie and Zhou Shidi, and arrived in Nanchang on August 2nd.

After the success of the uprising, the Central Front Committee issued the Manifesto of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Left according to the spirit of the central instructions, stating that the uprising still called for revolution in the name of the Kuomintang Left, exposing the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betraying the revolution, and expressing their determination to support Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies" and continue to oppose imperialism and feudal warlords. On the morning of August 1, a joint meeting was held attended by members of the Kuomintang Central Committee and representatives of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and overseas party departments, and the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang of China was established, and Deng, Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning, Tan Pingshan, Wu, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhang, Li, Yun, Xu Teli and Peng were elected. Revolutionary committee appointed tachileik as secretary-general, appointed, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and other staff committees as military command organs, Liu Bocheng as chief of staff and Guo Moruo as director of the General Political Department, and decided that the insurgents would still use the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, He Long as commander-in-chief of the frontal army and Ye Ting as commander-in-chief of the frontal army and the frontal enemy. It is affiliated to 1 1 Army (with divisions 24, 25 and 10), with Ye Ting as the commander and Nie as the party representative; 20 th Army (under the jurisdiction of 1 2 Division), with He Long as the commander and Liao Ganwu as the party representative; In the 9th Army, Zhu De served as a deputy commander and a party representative. The army * * * more than 20000 people.

On August 2nd, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life gathered in Nanchang to celebrate the great victory of Nanchang Uprising and the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee. After the meeting, young people from all walks of life enthusiastically joined the army, and only a few hundred students signed up.

After the Nanchang Uprising, Wang Jingwei urged Zhang Fakui and Zhu Peide to attack Nanchang. On August 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China * * * ordered the insurgents to withdraw from Nanchang in batches and go south along the Fuhe River according to the original plan of the Central Committee. It is planned to enter Guangdong Province through Ruijin and Xunwu (now Xunwu), first capture Dongjiang area, develop revolutionary forces, win foreign aid, and then capture Guangzhou. When the insurgents entered Jinxian County, Cai Tingkai, the division commander of 10, fired party member, who worked in the division, and led his troops to the northeast of Jiangxi, leaving the insurgents behind. Because the insurgents hastily withdrew from Nanchang, the troops were not reorganized, and they were on an expedition in the heat, with more troops. When they arrived in Linchuan on the 7th, the total strength was about 1.3 million.

The insurgents rested in Linchuan for three days and continued to push south. On August 25th, I first arrived in Ruijin County, north of Rentian. At this time, Li, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army of the Kuomintang Army stationed in Guangdong, dispatched 9,000 people to Huichang and Ruijin, and went out of the previous department to stop the rebels from going south; Huang's 9000 men were transferred from Nanxiong and Dayu (now Dayu) to (now) support operations. In this situation, the front committee of China decided to divide and conquer with money and yellow power. On the same day, the insurgents attacked Ren Tian's defenders, annihilated one of them, and captured Ruijin County on 26th. Then, focus on attacking the main force of Qian Dajun Department in Huichang, and fight fiercely until 30th to capture Huichang County. In the two wars, 6,000 people were killed and more than 2,500 guns were seized in Qian Dajun. The rebels suffered nearly 2000 casualties. At the beginning of September, the insurgents repelled Huang's attack in Luokou, northwest of Huichang.

After the war in Huichang, the insurgents turned back to Ruijin one after another, diverted eastward and passed the governor of Fujian. 5] Shrimp tracks? False]? ⒑ Kiel? On February 22nd, 1 1 25th Army Division occupied Sanheba, dapu county, Guangdong Province. The main force continued to go south, and occupied Chaoan (now Chaozhou) and Shantou on the 23rd. During this period, Li ordered the remnants to contain 25 divisions, and the Yellow Division was attacked by Fengshun, Chao 'an and Chenhe Division, with more than 1.5 million people, forming the East Route Army, which moved eastward from Heyuan to find the main force of the rebel army for a decisive battle.

According to the above situation, the * * * Front Committee decided that the newly formed 3rd Division of the 20th Army would be stationed in Chaoshan area with the Revolutionary Committee, and more than 6,500 people would be concentrated to meet the eastward enemy. On September 28th, the main force of the rebel army joined the East Route Army near Coral (Yuhu Lake) in Jieyang County, and defeated it. Then it advanced to Tangkeng (now Fengshun City) and fought fiercely with the enemy again in Fenshui Village. By the 30th, the insurgents had suffered more than 2,000 casualties, unable to fight any more, and retreated to Jieyang. That night, Huang captured Chao 'an. 13/0, 65438+ The main force of the rebel army joined the revolutionary committees evacuated from Chaoshan and Shantou in quicksand (now Puning City) and continued to retreat to Haifeng and Lufeng areas. When passing through Lianhua Mountain near Zhongtan Village in the southwest of quicksand, it was intercepted by the East Route Army again. The war continued and most of the troops were scattered. The leaders of the Revolutionary Committee and the Rebel Army were decentralized, and the rest 1300 people entered the sea and Lufeng areas. The 25th Division stationed in Sanheba, after hitting Qian Dajun hard, moved to Chao 'an and joined the 1st Division of the 3rd Division evacuated from Chaoshan and Shantou in Raoping County on October 5th, 65438. Since then, the two armies led by Zhu De and Chen Yi have moved to the border of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. Finally, about 800 insurgents were rescued and took part in the southern Hunan uprising. 1April, 928, arrived at Jinggangshan revolutionary base and joined the autumn harvest uprising troops on the Hunan-Jiangxi border led by Mao Zedong.

meaning

Nanchang Uprising is an armed uprising with overall significance directly led by China * * * Production Party. The first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries was fired, which declared the firm position of China Producer Party to carry out the China Revolution to the end, and marked the beginning of China Producer Party's independent establishment of the revolutionary army and leading the revolutionary war. In July 1933, 1 1, the Chinese Soviet * * and the provisional central government of People's Republic of China (PRC) decided on August 1 day as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants on the basis of the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on June 30th. From then on, August 1 became the Army Day of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and later the China People's Liberation Army.

Attachment: Determination of "August 1st Army Day"

1 June, 933, the Central Committee and the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central Committee suggested to the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union that the Nanchang Uprising Day-August 1 day was designated as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and commemorative activities were held every August1day. The Central Committee agreed to this proposal and decided to carry out the activities of supporting the army and giving priority to their families on the anniversary of the founding of the Red Army.

On June 30th, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued an order about deciding August 1 day as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, which pointed out: "1 August 9271day, the Nanchang riots led by the proletarian party * * * was the beginning of the anti-imperialist agrarian revolution and the source of the heroic Red Army of Workers and Peasants. The hard war of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants over the years has broken the previous attacks of the imperialist Kuomintang and fundamentally shaken its rule in China. It has become one of the basic levers of the revolutionary climax, the organizer of the revolutionary struggle of the working people in China, and the main force to carry out the national revolutionary war thoroughly. In order to commemorate the Nanchang riots and the founding of the Red Army, this Committee has designated August 1 day every year as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants since 1933. "

1 1 In July, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet made the Resolution on the Commemorative Movement of August 1st, announcing that the Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet and the Central Committee of People's Republic of China (PRC) had made the following resolutions to commemorate the founding of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and to reward and give preferential treatment to Red Army soldiers: (1) To approve the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and stipulate that August 1st should be celebrated every year. On this year's "August 1st" Memorial Day, the regiment with the banner in the Red Army was awarded, and at the same time, the responsible comrades who led the Nanchang riots and the officers and men with special achievements in the Red Army were awarded. (2) Instructing the People's Committee Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to formulate a preferential card for the families of the Red Army and issue it to all the families of the Red Army soldiers for acceptance. (3) Under the management of the Land Department of the District Soviet Government, the Land Department of the Township Soviet Government and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and under the Township Soviet Government, organize a committee for preferential treatment to the families of the Red Army to manage all matters concerning preferential treatment to the families of the Red Army.

On July 14, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a Letter to the Red Army Soldiers' Anti-imperialist Anti-war Day and the Red Army Memorial Day, calling on "the workers and peasants of the whole country to arm themselves to join the Red Army, support our victorious Red Army and comfort their families." At the same time, the Red Army is required to "improve its military technology, exercise itself, disarm the enemy and arm itself in the new war, so that our bloody Red Army can grow and develop in constant victories."

According to the instructions and decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Government of the Soviet Union and the Central Military Commission of China, the Central Soviet Area launched the "August 1st" commemoration activities in an all-round way. All units of the Red Army strengthen military and political training, especially re-education of officers and men of the Red Army on the nature, purpose and tasks of the people's army, and enhance their sense of political responsibility. The All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued a document calling on Soviet workers to speed up the production of 30,000 pairs of straw sandals to express their condolences to the Red Army. The Central Bureau of the * * * Youth League in the Soviet area called on the members of the * * * Youth League to actively participate in the Red Army and carry out activities of condolences to the Red Army. The Soviet Central Bureau called on young women to make 65,438+10,000 pairs of sandals for the Red Army to commemorate the anniversary of the founding of the army. The CPC Jiangxi Provincial Committee, Fujian Provincial Committee, Fujian Provincial Committee and Guangdong Provincial Committee have also made arrangements one after another, asking the county committees to do a good job in the "August 1" condolence work. Under the leadership of the county, district and township committees and the Soviet government, the broad masses of the people in the Soviet area carried out the activities of supporting the army and giving priority to its subordinates, which further strengthened the unity between the military, the government and the people, and improved the political consciousness and fighting enthusiasm of the officers and men of the Red Army.

Nanchang Uprising is nominally a Kuomintang revolution-warlord mutiny, and the autumn harvest uprising is the real workers and peasants' armed forces.

1927 In late August, according to the spirit of the emergency meeting in Hankou on August 7, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the Resolution on the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s Political Tasks and Strategies, and decided to create its own army and establish a revolutionary army of workers and peasants. Subsequently, several provinces organized the autumn harvest uprising. The warlord troops of Nanchang Uprising just joined at this time!

Therefore, it is more logical that Zhu Mao stationed or the First Corps of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army was established as the Army Day-that is, the autumn harvest uprising is the real army building, and there are * * * file orders.

Nanchang Uprising, as the Army Day, is like * * * infiltrating sand in the ranks of warlords.

The Red Army of Workers and Peasants borrowed the wharf of warlords, which also laid a hidden danger of warlord scuffle for peacetime.

Zhou is actually: Zhu's pier, Mao's red flag and Zhou's system-according to Jesus, the smallest is the biggest.