How to teach yourself Russian?

As we all know, it is very important for young people living in 2 1 century to master a foreign language, especially English. How to learn English well and improve English level is a puzzling problem for many middle school students at present. In fact, learning English well is not difficult. The key is to master good learning methods. Learning methods naturally vary from person to person and from time to time. In fact, the method itself does not matter whether it is good or bad. The key is whether it can be perfectly combined with individuals to improve learning efficiency. If there is a set of methods that can stimulate your interest in learning and improve your learning efficiency, what you have to do in the future is to stick to it. Perhaps we have all seen similar situations: some people bury themselves in books all day and study hard, but their grades are still not satisfactory; Others know how to "relax" and learn it easily, which is also among the best. If you are the latter, I believe you have found a good learning method and your best combination, as long as you persevere; The former has already possessed certain perseverance, and the key lies in improving their learning efficiency.

Another key to learning English well is to improve interest in English learning. Einstein said, "Interest is

The best teacher. "Interest is the driving force of learning. So how to generate interest in learning? Of course, we should learn English, understand English, and apply what we have learned to our daily life. The more you know, the more interested you will be. First of all, you must have enough vocabulary and solid grammar knowledge.

I. Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the key to learning English well. Without enough vocabulary, it is impossible to listen, speak, read and write.

The size of vocabulary determines a student's English level. Therefore, in the junior high school stage, in addition to mastering more than 800 words required by the syllabus, we must expand about 500 words. In the process of learning vocabulary, we should master the spelling rules of words and remember them according to the rules; At the same time, we should remember and expand words according to the knowledge of word formation. Understanding and remembering words through context is also a good way to learn words. At present, there are fewer and fewer Chinese-English translation questions in the senior high school entrance examination, and instead, the proportion of vocabulary in the context is increasing. Entering the primary stage of learning English, mastering phonetic knowledge is the basis of learning English words well, and correctly reading English phonemes is the premise of spelling phonetic symbols. Therefore, we must master 48 phonemes skillfully and be able to spell. Some students think that the written part of the senior high school entrance examination questions cancels the examination of pronunciation, so we should pay attention to training listening, discrimination and imitation. Listen carefully to the teacher's pronunciation and the recording on the tape in class and study hard in class. For those difficult words, phrases or sentences, we must take time to imitate them repeatedly after class until we can read them correctly and thoroughly. Thirdly, master the pronunciation rules skillfully and cultivate your ability to associate letters (or letter combinations) with pronunciation according to the pronunciation rules. Because mastering spelling rules is good for word memory. Therefore, we should always review and consolidate the "listening, reading and speaking" in the last lesson of each unit and the "pronunciation and spelling" in the appendix of the textbook, if we don't pay attention to these contents. I think this is a great pity. If anyone can master it skillfully, it will become a good helper for you to remember words.

Speaking of memorizing words, it is a common headache for students. In particular, the vocabulary of the new textbooks has expanded a lot, which is more difficult to remember. If you can't remember words, you can't learn English well. So it is very important to break through the difficulty of words. There are many ways to remember words.

1. Memorize words by pronunciation. In fact, when reading words, you should look at the phonetic symbols and master the pronunciation rules of letters and letter combinations. Classify and memorize the words that meet the rules. For example: ① Memorize and master the pronunciation of vowels according to open syllables and closed syllables. Bag: cat, map, sad; Cake: name, plane, date; Desk: down, set, step, let; These: China, Japanese; Fight: big, boat, Ben, kill; Like: side, nice, kite, mine; Not: dog, hot, stop, get; Nose: pay attention to those, close, holes; Bus: nuts, cups, rubber, dust; Uses: huge, etc. (2) According to the letter combination memory, master the pronunciation of vowel letter combination and consonant letter combination, such as:

Bees, meet, see, keep, etc. , ee letter combination reading/I:/; Chairs,

Ch letter combination reading /tS/.

2. Syllable memory. No matter how long a word is, if you recite it from the first letter to the last letter, it is

It's hard to remember. For example, information, *** 1 1 letter, can be broken down into eight parts.

Block ",syllable memory is easy. information exchange

3. Combination of sound, form and meaning

Memorizing words combines its sound, shape and meaning, making the memory firm and fast. Read it correctly

Sound, look at its shape, understand its meaning, especially polysemy, and improve the resolution when remembering.

For example, orange is a multi-category word, which means that "orange" is a countable noun; Being an adjective means

"orange"; As an uncountable noun, it means "orange juice" But there is only one pronunciation.

A /'orindJ/, the word form is the same. It is much easier to consciously distinguish between memories.

4. Associative memory of memory words. It mainly includes the following forms:

① Contrast associative memory:

Synonym: research/learning, big/big/great, see//

Look/see, listen/listen, good/good/good/

Listen, door/door, like/love/enjoy etc.

Antonyms: such as: big → small, expensive → cheap, hot.

(hot) → cold (cold), slow → fast/fast (fast), thin (thin)

→ (fat), front → back.

South → North, etc.

Homophones: Tai → Two (two), Right → Four (four), Right →

Write, press → buy, blue → blow.

Past tense), sea → see (see), son → sun (too

Yang) → Weather (Weather)

Comparison of similar word forms: want → wait, read → prepare.

), wall → walk, static → static,

Present → parents, etc. Put them together to compare memories.

At the same time, we can think of some words with different meanings. For example, associate cost with pay, take and spend, and compare the usage of these words with relative meaning, the same meaning or the same pronunciation.

② Classified associative memory: classify the learned words according to different categories, and classify the learned words reasonably.

A. classification by part of speech. Such as: noun driven, name …, verb is, have, drive …,

Adjective carefree, happy …, adverb carefree, happy …, preposition in,

On …, pronouns he, she, he, she … etc.

B. classification by use. Such as: clothes and coats, shirts, skirts, sweaters,

Shoes, cakes, rice, jiaozi, noodles, sports.

Football, basketball, running, sports, transportation, buses,

Cars, taxis, trains, planes, ships ..., January, February,

March, April, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,

Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday and holidays. Like studying.

The word Christmas is associated with Children's Day and Women's Day.

Teachers' Day, Arbor Day, Mid-Autumn Festival

Festivals, National Day, New Year's Day, Spring

A series of festival nouns such as festivals.

③ Associative memory of word formation: We should use the associative memory of the same root word (word-form conversion) and pay attention to the part of speech. English list

There are many words with the characteristics of one word. For example, open can be used as both a verb and a verb.

Adjectives use other words with the same root, for example, the word care has the nature of a noun.

It also has the nature of a verb, and its cognates are are, are and are.

Inadvertently, we should focus on remembering these words. Another example: North →

In the north, noise → noisy → noisy, etc. Associative memory with compound words, such as

When I learn the word moonlight, I think it is a combination of the moon and light.

Yes; A classroom consists of classes and classrooms.

④ Associative memory: Take a word as the center and match different words to form a new phrase. There are many phenomena in this language. If you can use this rule often, you will firmly remember the phrases you have learned. For example:

1) phrases containing get are: get ready, get up, get on the bus, get along with people, get off, get dressed and go back; Come back, get on, get off, arrive, get off, get lost.

2) phrases containing go are: go swimming and continue; Go to school, sleep, go home, go out for a walk, go away, go down, go back, go on.

3) Phrases containing look are: Watch, 1ook after care; Care, look the same, look like, 1 look like, 1 look up, 1 look up (in dictionaries and reference books), 1 look up (doctor's examination), 1 look around (circle).

4) Phrases containing make are: make room for …, make a sentence with …, make a face or make a face with …, be made in …, make tea with …, make friends with …, make up for it, make a mistake, make sure, make noise.

5) phrases containing take are: take your time; Take your time and take medicine; Take medicine, walk, take medicine, exercise, and take turns; Replace, take care of; Take care of, take away, take out, take away; Take out, take off, and give a message to. ...

6) The phrases containing come are: come in, come down, come in, come over, come from, come back, come over (come over)/come over, come over, come over, come over, come out (flowers); Come out. Come with me. Come on, come on.

7) phrases with turn are: turn off, turn on, turn on the radio, etc. Turn on (a light, etc. Turn down (turn on the radio, etc. ), turn white, turn left.

8) phrases containing have: I have to have an idea, have a rest, have breakfast, have a look, have fun, have fun and have a drink.

It is not difficult to remember words and phrases as long as you pay more attention to induction and summary consciously.

In addition, the teacher plays reading tapes in class, not just listening, but listening quickly.

Write it down so that the ears, heart, hands and eyes can be used together. In short, we should never get tired of those newly learned words.

Memorize by reading, writing and reciting. Repeat it a certain number of times and it will become a long time.

Memory, will not forget.

(5) Memorizing words depends on hard work and seizing scattered time to remember. When memorizing words, except

In addition to the above methods, memorizing words must be "five to one", and you must think well and not be distracted.

② Observation of eye-to-eye and eye-to-eye writing. (3) Read the words mouth to mouth. (4) to the ear-listen.

Your own pronunciation. Write this word several times on the table or paper by hand. Don't be lazy,

Be sure to draw and remember. Using all the organs, I believe I can remember more lists.

Words.

Some students think memorizing words is really troublesome. Actually, it's no trouble at all. If you can stay awake all the time

Do this slowly, and after a long time, you will form a habit. Every time I meet a word in the future, I will unconsciously think of it.

Yes

A foreign language expert once said, "A thousand words appear at least twenty times in front of your eyes."

In memory. "Students think about it, how many times have the words you have learned always appeared in front of you? Now you

Maybe you found the reason why you can't remember words?

(6) It is also very important to learn English well, and do a good job in preview before class and review after class.

You should preview each lesson before you learn it. Preview can clear the obstacles in class in advance.

Through preview, just like "fire reconnaissance", you can find the weak links in your knowledge. Hurry up before class

Make up this part of knowledge and you will understand the new knowledge smoothly. Some students are not good at listening,

One of the main reasons is that there is no preparation. Preview before class is for students to learn new lessons well and achieve high efficiency.

The foundation of academic performance. If you are not prepared before class, you will have no confidence in the new class and the class will change.

Passive and difficult to digest, so that they lose confidence in accepting all new lessons. On the other hand, if you are well prepared before class,

It can not only clear the obstacles in class in advance, cultivate self-study ability, but also improve the interest in learning new courses.

Have fun and take the initiative in learning.

First, be familiar with and remember most new words. After understanding the basic knowledge of new words, correct the pronunciation of words.

After the meaning and part-of-speech usage, you should listen to the audio tape of the text in time. In general, you should listen to it for 2-3 times in a row.

Read it again and then read it out loud. The purpose is to correct the pronunciation of new words and imitate the pronunciation and intonation of reading the text.

Improve your speaking ability. Correcting the pronunciation of words in this way can also enhance the sense of language.

When you teach yourself, you often encounter problems? How did you handle it?

Of course. Every time you encounter this situation, you must first think carefully, analyze and push from multiple angles.

Knock on the door. You know, it's really a heart if you try your best to get to the bottom of it.

Indescribable happiness. If you are really confused, you can ask your teacher or classmates. Don't let it go easily.

Any problem.

Second, grammar.

Grammar is the basis of learning English well and a tool to master English. When you master a certain vocabulary

After that, it is very necessary to know some grammar knowledge. Choosing to fill in the blanks is an important problem in grammar examination.

It can check nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions and.

Numbers or something. Wide coverage.

There are only a handful of grammar knowledge in junior and middle schools, and I have practiced it many times. Why?

Did you make a mistake in the end?

This phenomenon of repeated mistakes is common among students, that is, a topic was missed before.

If you see this problem again in the future, you will still make a mistake or even make the same mistake. I think the crux of the problem lies in.

Have a thorough understanding of the cause of the error or have not paid enough attention to it. You should answer every question you have done wrong.

Think carefully: What's the matter? Is it because you don't know the knowledge or because you are careless?

Where to? How to correct it? How can we avoid similar mistakes? Is there any other solution? After this reaction

After thinking, record them in the "wrong question bank" We can basically deal with similar problems in the future.

The occurrence of absolute mistakes. Especially those topics that are easily influenced by mindset, should be handled in this way, otherwise,

It's easy to repeat the same mistake.

Tense learning is the biggest headache for students in China, and it is a grammar project. Because people in China express their language.

There is only the change of time, and there is no concept of tense. It is just that things expressed in English are at different times.

Sometimes, we have to use different tenses, and the key expression of tenses is in the predicate verbs of sentences. Sometimes recite the rules

Easy come, but mistakes often appear in the use of sentences.

Accurately mastering the five basic tenses in junior high school is important to use them in sentences.

1. Master the general usage of conjunctions such as be, feel, look, get and turn.

2. Master the difference between continuous verbs and instantaneous verbs in usage.

This kind of verbs are mainly embodied in the past tense and the perfect tense.

1. In the present perfect tense, the progressive verb can be used with the prepositional phrase for or since to indicate a period of time, but the present perfect tense of the terminating verb cannot be used with a period of time. For example:

I have bought this dictionary for three years.

I have bought this dictionary for three years. (error)

The buy (past participle of buy) in the previous sentence is an ending verb and cannot be used to indicate the time period.

If you want to use phrases together, you must change the structure, which can be changed to: I had this.

The dictionary has been in use for three years, so we should pay attention to the induction of ending verbs.

Continuous verbs. The common conversion between ending verbs and progressive verbs is come→be here.

Start/start → start, borrow → keep, buy → own, die → die,

End/finish → end, get up → get up, go out → go out, fall down.

Fall asleep → fall asleep, leave → stay away, join → be/be a.

Members, put on → put on, catch a cold → catch a cold, etc.

3. Palm? It covers the functions of o, will, shall, have and be in sentences. Summarize tenses and remember their structures.

4. Master the time-varying forms of behavioral verbs in sentences, such as speaking, writing and reading.

Five basic tenses required by the syllabus. Understand the concepts of various tenses and master them in sentences.

Structure adverbial of time and prompt tense. At the same time, we should also understand the other three tenses "past continuous tense, past"

Future tense, past perfect tense ".

The five basic tenses are as follows:

tense

time

structure

ordinary

present tense

Often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week …),

On Sunday

He/she/it+verb s

I/We/You/They+Verb Prototype

ordinary

past tense

Yesterday, ... Before, last week,

200 1

Past tense of subject+verb

at present

present continuous tense

at present

Subject +be+ present participle

at present

future tense

Tomorrow, next week

Subject+will/will+verb prototype

at present

perfect tense

It has been, however, once, never, for a while, since the beginning of+time.

He/she/it has+past participle.

I/we/you/they have+past participle.

Verbs are very important in language communication, and grammar is only a tool to learn English well. Using this tool, you can improve your self-study ability. In the process of understanding tenses, we should pay attention to the hints of upper and lower sentences or contexts. Pay attention to the basic changes of verbs.

① Example 1: (Beijing, 2003)

What are Mr. and Mrs. Black doing?

They are drinking tea in the garden.

④A is drinking, B is drinking, C is drinking and D is drinking.

⑤ Analysis

6. This question is in the present continuous tense.

From the context analysis of the previous sentence, we know that the action is taking place at this moment. Find out the structure and arrangement of verb parts.

Get the correct answer to eliminate interference. What are black people doing?

What? ",the answer should be" Now is ... ",and the structure of the present continuous tense is" be(am, is,

Are)+ present participle ".

8 Cases 2 (Chongqing in 2003)

Pet-name ruby-I don't know if his uncle is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Attending-If it doesn't rain, I think he will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Coming; Will come. Will come.

C. coming; Coming D. coming; Will come.

analyse

This topic examines the application of two tenses in context. Let's distinguish what if leads to first.

Sentences, and then determine their tense according to the context. The object after the empty if at 1 leading transitive verb

Sentence, meaning "whether", the main clause of this sentence is the simple present tense, and the action of the object clause has not been done yet.

Occur, use the future tense; The second empty if guide is a conditional adverbial clause, and the conditional clause uses the simple present tense.

The predicate verb of the main sentence uses the future tense.

Third, communication.

The "Outline" points out that "students should master certain basic knowledge and basic language.

Skills, establish a preliminary sense of language, acquire a preliminary ability to use English, and conduct real communication.

Lay a good foundation. "The key to learning a language is to use it. Do students pay attention to their English?

How about the practice of English and oral English? We don't have a foreign language environment, but we should try our best to create it. every day

After getting up in the morning, you should read English for at least 5 minutes. Reading aloud can not only practice.

Learning pronunciation can form a good sense of language, and it can not be underestimated for the improvement of listening.

Function. Besides, we should make use of every possible opportunity to communicate with our classmates and teachers in English.

Or someone who knows English, say hello or chat. When you meet new words, you will be mixed with Chinese and English.

Try to say. At first, I may not be used to it, but it doesn't matter As long as I persist, I have a knot.

Fruit. Former Soviet linguist Pauli? Professor Aristide can speak 15 foreign languages fluently.

Language. He said: "As soon as I learn the word 100, I will speak in this language immediately.

A person who is afraid of making mistakes will never speak a real foreign language. "It seems that if you want to practice your mouth.

Language, really want to have the spirit of "cheeky, wear out the face".

Fourth, reading.

1. How do you develop your reading ability?

Reading comprehension is difficult, and reading training can only be carried out on the basis of having enough vocabulary. it

It is an important sign to test your English learning level. Have you put much effort into reading?

If you want to improve your reading level, you should not only study textbooks, but also consciously expand reading after class and improve your reading ability.

Reading speed, master reading skills. Get into the habit of reading English books after class. At first, due to vocabulary

You can read some simple articles or try to read some simple books without new words. along with

As your vocabulary expands, so will your appetite. Reading more original articles can not only broaden your horizons.

I broadened my horizons and learned a lot of knowledge. After a period of time, your vocabulary will be enriched and your understanding ability will be improved.

Great progress has also been made. At first, we should deliberately look at some popular science, history, geography, environmental protection, medical care and the like.

Articles about aspects.

Some classmates often encounter such a problem: the article itself has no new words for me, but I read it.

Errors often occur when reading comprehension questions. Of course, this situation is more about designing a reading comprehension test. say

Obviously, you have encountered obstacles in understanding during reading, so you should master some answering skills in reading comprehension.

Very important.

For example:

Reading comprehension (1)

About the weather, but nobody does anything about it. "

People begin their conversation by saying, "It's a beautiful day, isn't it?"?

""Do you think it will rain? "