What are the magical natural phenomena in the world?

In the long historical process of conquering the outside world and itself and creating a civilized society, mankind has encountered various mysterious phenomena: mysterious ghost island, immortal Mawangdui female corpse, mysterious Bermuda Triangle, elusive Loch Ness monster, unidentified UFO image ... Every mysterious phenomenon that sounds almost impossible contains various opportunities for human development. However, human beings are born with a strong desire to explore and conquer the unknown. Driven by this desire, through the tireless pursuit and exploration of mysterious phenomena, human beings gradually move from the unknown to the known, from chaos to civilization; Therefore, human wisdom has been improved, and human potential has been excavated and developed to the greatest extent.

The book The Mysterious Phenomenon of Human Beings was born to satisfy readers' thirst for knowledge and exploration. It is a popular science book with knowledge and interest. Editors carefully select the mysterious phenomena with the most research value, exploration significance and widespread concern in various fields, introduce them from eight aspects: nature, architecture, life, science, outer space, culture, art and religion, interpret the mysterious events from multiple angles and in an all-round way, objectively and scientifically analyze their causes and characteristics, and strive to provide readers with the most authoritative interpretation.

In order to meet readers' higher-level reading needs, the editor carefully selected nearly 500 precious color pictures, including physical pictures, natural scenery, architectural landscapes, unearthed cultural relics, photographic photos and so on. Or describe the environment, or simulate the process, or reveal the connotation, or provide evidence, so that readers can be there and get the most intuitive and powerful visual impact. This way of reading pictures and writing complements each other, making up for the shortcoming that simple writing is too abstract, making the transfer of knowledge more direct and fast, and more in line with the aesthetic views of modern readers.

We hope that through the organic combination of accurate and vivid words, concise style, novel layout and exquisite pictures, we can create a relaxed reading atmosphere for readers, show a broader cognitive horizon, take you into a wonderful and mysterious world and become a ladder for you to explore the unknown world.

Mysterious fountain

There is a magical geyser in Tagda in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. After a series of short pauses and eruptions, high-temperature steam suddenly rushed out of the geyser and immediately expanded into a water column with a diameter of more than 2 meters and a height of about 20 meters. The steam mass at the top of the column continued to roll and leap into the blue sky. Its eruption cycle stops automatically after several minutes and tens of minutes, and then erupts again at intervals. Geysers are named after stopping spraying.

In addition to the geysers in China, there is a world-famous geyser near Reykjavik, Iceland. This spring is a circular pool with a diameter of 20 meters. It is filled with hot water at regular intervals, and the hot water slowly flows out. Soon, the clear water in Tankou rolled wildly, making a snoring sound similar to that when the pot was boiling. Then a water column rose into the sky, and there was boiling drizzle in the blue sky. The highest water column can reach 70 meters!

After investigation, scientists pointed out that suitable geological structure and sufficient underground water source are the most fundamental factors for the formation of geysers. In addition, there are some special conditions: first, geysers must have energy, and the fiery magma activity in the active area of crustal movement is the energy of geysers, so they can only be located in shallow areas. Secondly, to form intermittent eruption, a complex water supply system is needed to connect a deep spring channel. At the bottom of the channel, the groundwater is heated by the hot magma, while at the top of the channel, the spring water can't freely roll and boil under the pressure of the high-pressure water column. At the same time, due to the narrow passage, the spring water can't convection up and down at will. In this way, the water under the channel accumulates energy during the continuous heating process. When the water pressure in the upper part of the channel is less than the steam pressure at the bottom of the water column, the water in the channel is pushed out of the surface by the hot gas and hot water with high pressure and high temperature underground, resulting in a powerful eruption. After the eruption, the air pressure drops and the water temperature drops, so the eruption is suspended to store energy for the next new eruption.

Although scientists have unveiled the mystery of geysers, people are still attracted by its magnificent eruption landscape.

The magical Niagara Falls

Have you ever seen the acrobatic artist Brown Pavilion set up a steel rope with a length of 1 0,000 feet above the rapids of Niagara Falls, and successfully walked there empty-handed? Have you ever seen him walk through this 1000-foot-long steel cable blindfolded and covering his head? Have you ever seen the same person standing on a unicycle, walking on stilts, carrying people, sitting on a wire rope and making an omelet to eat? What makes the brave and great Brown Pavilion so powerful? That is Niagara Falls, which gives Browning great and magical power.

Niagara Falls is one of the most magical places in the world. Let's visit the legendary and mysterious Niagara Falls.

Niagara river is part of the border between Canada and the United States, separating new york from Ontario, Canada, and flowing northward from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, with a total length of nearly 30 miles. It is located in the north and covers an area of 250,000 square miles, making it a smooth outlet for these lakes. Its maximum current reaches 250,000 cubic feet per second, which is very awesome. The river is divided into three sections by Strawberry Island and Grand Island, and there is only one channel for the first five miles. The length of the eastward American river is 15 miles to 16 miles; The Canadian River in the west is short, only two to three miles long. After passing through the big island, the two rivers meet again and then flow for 3 miles to reach the world-famous Niagara Falls.

The river can finally reach Lake Ontario, passing through seven miles of canyons, an open lake plain and seven to eight miles of land. Niagara Falls itself is also divided into two parts by Gothic Island. The horseshoe waterfall is close to 160 feet high and the top is nearly 3300 feet wide. The waterfall, which is about 10 feet higher than the Canadian part, but only 990 feet wide, is located on the American side.

Its formation lies in the unusual geological structure. In Niagara Canyon, the rock layer is almost horizontal, dropping only 19 feet to 22 feet per mile. The top of the rock is hard marble, and the bottom is soft geological layer which is easy to be eroded by water. The reason why the torrent can rush down from the cliff edge at the top of the waterfall is precisely because there is a hard marble geological layer on the soft stratum. During the Pleistocene, the huge continental glaciers retreated, the marble layer was exposed, and was submerged by the flood from Lake Erie, forming the Niagara Falls today. By calculating the speed of glacier retreat, this waterfall was formed at least 7000 years ago, and it may have been formed as early as 25000 years ago.

The formidable "Hell Gate" of Kunlun Mountain

"The sky is grey, the wild is vast, the wind blows the grass and the cattle and sheep are low." In the eyes of herders, the place with plenty of grass and water is their paradise for grazing. However, shepherds living in Kunlun Mountain would rather starve their cattle and sheep to death on the Gobi Desert because there is no fat grass to eat than dare to enter the ancient and silent valley of Kunlun Mountain.

This valley is the valley of death, known as the "gate of hell" of Kunlun Mountain. The valley is covered with wolves' fur, bears' bones, hunters' steel guns and lonely graves, rendering a gloomy and horrible smell of death to the world. The following is a true story witnessed by a geological team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources:

1983, a group of horses in Alar Ranch, Qinghai, strayed into Death Valley because they were greedy for the fat grass in the valley. A shepherd ventured into the valley in search of horses. A few days later, no one appeared, but the horse appeared. His body was later found on a mountain. Clothes tattered, barefoot, eyes bulging, mouth wide open, shotgun in hand, a pair of die unsatisfied. Curiously, he didn't find any scars or signs of being attacked.

Shortly after this tragic accident, the geological team working nearby was also attacked by Death Valley. It was July, 1983. It was very hot outside, but a snowstorm suddenly started near Death Valley. A thunder accompanied by a sudden snowstorm made the chef faint on the spot. According to the chef's memory, as soon as he heard the thunder, he suddenly felt numb, blacked out at the moment, and then lost consciousness. When the team members went out to work the next day, they were surprised to find that the original loess had turned into black soil. Like ashes, all animals and plants were "killed".

The geological team quickly organized to investigate the valley. After investigation, it is found that the magnetic anomalies in this area are extremely obvious and widely distributed. The deeper the valley, the higher the magnetic anomaly value. Under the action of electromagnetic effect, the charge in the cloud and the magnetic field in the valley lead to charge discharge, which makes this place a minefield. Lightning often targets running animals. This guess is the best explanation for several consecutive events.

American "Yellow Avenue" with planetary orbit data

In Teotihuacan, a famous American city, there is a broad avenue running through the north and south, which is called "Yellow Avenue". In the 10 century, when the Aztecs who first came here came to this ancient city along this avenue, they found that the city was empty. They thought the buildings on both sides of the avenue were the tombs of the gods, so they gave it this strange name.

1974, a man named Hugh Hariston claimed at the International American Congress held in Mexico that he had found a measuring device suitable for all its streets and buildings in Teotihuacan. Through computer calculation, the unit length is 1.059 m. For example, the heights of Feather Snake Temple, Moon Pyramid and pyramid of the sun in Teotihuacan are 265, 438+0, 42 and 63 "units" respectively, with a ratio of 65 and 438+0: 2: 3.

When Hariston surveyed the ruins of temples and pyramids on both sides of the Yellow Avenue, he found a surprising situation: the distance between those ruins on the Yellow Avenue just represents the orbital data of planets of the solar system. In the ruins of the temple around the castle, the distance between the earth and the sun is 96 units, Venus is 72, Mercury is 36 and Mars is 144. There is a canal behind the castle, which is 288 units away from the central axis of the castle, just the distance between Jupiter and Mars. 520 units away from the central axis is the ruins of an unknown temple, which is equivalent to the distance from Jupiter to the sun. After 945 units, there is another temple site, which is the distance from the sun to Saturn. Take 1845 "unit" to the center of the moon pyramid, which is exactly the orbital data of Uranus. If we extend along the "Yellow Avenue" in a straight line, we will reach two locations on the Cerro Gordo Mountain. The distances are 2880 and 3780 "units" respectively, which is exactly the distance between the orbits of Pluto and Neptune.

The "Yellow Avenue" is obviously based on the model of the solar system. The designer of Teotihuacan must know the planetary motion of the whole solar system and the orbital data between the sun and the planets. However, humans discovered Uranus in 178 1 year, Neptune in 1845, and Pluto in 1930. So, in the prehistoric times when chaos began, which invisible hand pointed out all this to the people who built Teotihuacan?

Australian rocks that tell the time

Can the stone tell the time? It sounds almost impossible, but in the vast desert southwest of Alice in central Australia, there is indeed a strange stone that can tell the time. This strange stone standing in the desert is 348 meters high and about 8000 meters in circumference, and its exposed part alone may weigh hundreds of millions of tons.

This strange stone tells people the passage of time by changing its color regularly every day: in the morning, when the sun rises and the sun shines, it is brown; At noon, the hot sun is blue-gray; In the evening, when the sun goes down, it is red. It is the "standard clock" for local residents, who arrange their agriculture and daily life according to its color change three times a day.

The strange stone will not only change color with the intensity of sunlight, but also change its image with the change of the angle of sunlight: sometimes it looks like the dorsal fin of a huge shark roaming leisurely in the sea; Sometimes it is like a black submarine floating on the sea; Sometimes like a giant in Tsing Yi, he lies on a soft white bed. ...

Why does the strange stone have the function of "seeing time"?

In order to explain the "collision" phenomenon of strange rocks, many archaeologists and geologists have made a detailed investigation on the climatic conditions and geographical environment in which strange rocks are located, and made a deep study on the structural components of strange rocks. Some scientists try to explain the "strange phenomenon" caused by the strange stone: the strange stone changes color because it is in a flat desert, the sky is cloudless in Wan Li all day, the air is thin and the surface of the strange stone is smooth. In this case, the surface of the strange stone acts as a mirror, which can strongly reflect sunlight, so the color changes in the sky can be presented on the strange stone from early morning to evening.

The image of grotesque rocks changes because of the number and angle of reflection and refraction caused by the sun's activities in different climatic conditions, and this change is reflected in the human eye and becomes a grotesque shape.

Scientists' statement about the strange stone "telling the time" can't fully explain the cause of the strange stone phenomenon, but it also solves a little mystery for the world.

Mysterious Shennongjia in China

Shennongjia is located at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei between the Yangtze River and Hanshui River in China. Known as the "Roof of Central China", it covers an area of 3,250 square kilometers, with forest land accounting for more than 85%. Average elevation1700m, highest point 3105m. There are many climate types.

When it comes to Shennongjia, people can't help thinking of "savage". From ancient times to the present, a large number of records and legends about savages make it difficult to distinguish between true and false. From 1977 to 1980, the relevant departments organized two large-scale field tests and collected a lot of evidence about the existence of savages, such as their hair, footprints and feces. And also found the bamboo nest where the savage lived. The results of the investigation seem to show that there is indeed a strange animal unknown to people in Shennongjia.

In fact, Shennongjia is not only a savage, but also more mysterious phenomena.

In a place called Yuyin River, a large number of white animals live. There is little sunlight transmission here all year round, which is suitable for animals such as white golden monkey, white bear, white muntjac and white snake, as well as white crow, white owl and white turtle. It is said that the white snake there is flawless. When you are entrenched, it is like a jade carving. It stood up like a silver stick and stuck to the ground at an alarming rate. In the past, only white animals were found in the Arctic, so many animals in Shennongjia turned white, which became a scientific mystery, because it was not only determined by climate factors.

1986, local farmers found three giant water monsters in a deep pool. Their whole bodies are gray, their heads are similar to those of a big toad, their round eyes are bigger than rice bowls, their mouths are 1 meter long when they are open, and their forelimbs have five toes. When it surfaced, the water column in its mouth was several feet high.

Not only that, the rumors about coffins, unicorns and donkey-headed wolves also echo the rumors of water monsters. It is said that the place where the coffin beast was first discovered was the southeast slope of Shennongjia. It is a rectangular monster with a big head, a short neck and hemp gray hair all over. The inertia of running will break branches. The unicorn looks like a big Sumen antelope, with slightly longer hind legs and a horse's head. There is a black horn in the middle of the forehead, about 40 cm long, which bends in a semi-circular arc from the forehead to the back of the head. The donkey-headed wolf seems to be a big bad wolf whose head was cut off and replaced with a donkey's head. It is a guy with gray hair, much bigger than a wolf.

Besides grotesque animals, Shennongjia has many more spectacular geological wonders. There is a tidal river in Honghua Township. It is puzzling that this river rises once every morning, noon and night. What's even more amazing is that the color of the tide changes with the seasons. The water color is clear in rainy season and turbid in dry season.

There is an ice cave in Luosong Township, and the temperature inside the cave is quite different from the climate outside the cave. When the natural temperature outside the cave is higher than 28℃, the cave begins to freeze, and the water in the mountain cracks seeps along the cave wall, forming an ice curtain more than ten meters long, which is crystal clear and beautiful. The water dripping at the bottom of the cave forms an icicle with a mushroom-shaped top and is hollow. When the weather outside the cave turns cold, the ice inside the cave begins to melt, but in winter, the temperature inside the cave is higher than outside the cave.

Corresponding to the ice cave in Luo Song, it is the cold and hot cave in Muyu Town, where the wind is cold and the heat wave is rolling. There is no most reasonable explanation for this phenomenon at present. There is also a fish hole in Guanfeng Township. The water color in the cave changes with the spring thunder. After the spring thunder, the water color changed from clear to turbid. After the water was completely turbid, groups of fish swam around in the cave. These fish are as long as chopsticks, without scales and armor, as white as silver, and the scene is spectacular.

Shennongjia, a magical place, is attracting more and more curious people. I wonder who will unveil her mystery.

China geothermal anomaly zone with "cold and hot inversion"

Whenever the summer heat comes in September and winter, people who love fantasy will always yearn for a place that is warm in winter and cool in summer. Although the changes in spring, summer, autumn and winter are regular, the world is big and wonders. On this earth, some lucky people live in a "place" where it is warm in winter and cool in summer. This is what people call the "geothermal anomaly zone" in Huanren County, a mountainous area in eastern Liaoning. One end of this "geothermal anomaly zone" starts from Chuanyinggou, south of Manchu Town government residence 1.5km on the left bank of Hunjiang River, and the other end ends at Niuti Mountain in Kuandian County on the right bank of Hunjiang River. The whole geothermal anomaly zone is about 15km long and covers an area of106,000m2.

In summer, the underground temperature in the "geothermal anomaly zone" began to drop gradually. In the midsummer when the temperature is as high as 30℃, the temperature of one meter underground is actually-12℃, reaching the level of dripping into ice.

After autumn, the temperature here began to rise gradually. When winter comes, the north wind blows hard and the "geothermal anomaly zone" is steaming. People can see from the hill behind Renjiashan that although the land has been frozen, the cantaloupes planted here are still plump in Ye Zhuang, and the surrounding grass is still green. Ren Jia leveled a piece of land in this place and built a plastic shed with green onions and garlic. The garlic seedlings were cut twice, and the green onions grew green. It is found that the temperature in the shed can be kept at 65438 07℃ and the ground temperature can be kept at 65438 05℃. There is no snow on this mountain all winter and spring.

In the middle part of Taihang Mountain in the northwest of Shibanyan Township, Linxian County, Henan Province, there is also a place with this feature at an altitude of 1500 meters, which is called "Ice Back". Here, the ice began to freeze in March, and the ice age lasted for five months; Cold winter, but the heat wave is rolling, the spring water overflowing from the rocks is warm and pleasant, and the flowers and plants on both sides of the stream are bright and green.

As we all know, the temperature change in nature depends on the light and heat of the sun. With the revolution of the earth, when its distance from the sun is shortened, the heat energy radiated by the sun to the earth will increase, making the earth warm. On the other hand, the earth is getting colder and colder. Thus formed the spring, summer, autumn and winter. However, these strange lands broke this natural law and appeared magical phenomena, which attracted the attention of many researchers. Some people think that there are two gas storage zones, cold and hot, which release gas flow at the same time. Give off hot air when it is cold, and give off cold air when it is hot. They also believe that there may be a huge gas storage structure and special insulation layer underground in this abnormal hot and cold area, and the atmospheric convection generated in this special geological structure leads to this strange phenomenon. Some people think that there is a special valve on this huge underground gas storage belt, which automatically opens and closes in winter and spring, which leads to this phenomenon. But these analyses are only inferences. How did this geothermal anomaly zone form? What's the difference in geological structure here? This requires further research by scientists.

Mysterious ghost island

Westerners love sailing, but there are many strange things in the history of sailing. 1707, British captain Julius discovered land on the horizon north of the Spitzer Bacon Islands, but this land was never accessible. But what is worthy of recognition is that this land is not an optical illusion, so he marked it on the chart. 200 years later, Admiral makarov and his crew who took the icebreaker "Ermak" to the North Pole once again found a piece of land, which Julius saw that year. Navigator wolseley also found the outline of the island when he passed through the area in 1925. However, when scientists went to investigate in 1928, they did not find any islands in this area.