Will Antarctic penguins freeze to death because of the cold weather?

Penguins like to hold a group to keep warm, so will the outermost penguin freeze to death? The answer is never expected

We usually think that penguins can survive in the cold Antarctic only by that powerful equipment. In fact, besides fur, there is a very strict heating array, which was introduced in detail by the British BBC in its program Frozen Planet. The regular circulation of this formation is the process that the penguins standing on the outermost layer slowly circulate to the inner layer to keep warm and then move to the outer layer to resist the cold wind.

If the outermost penguins freeze to death because of the cold, and then the penguins fall down one after another, it is estimated that the penguins have long been extinct, but this is not the case. When it is cold in Antarctica, penguins gather together to keep warm. As the temperature decreases, more and more penguins gather and get closer together. The reason why the outermost penguin will not freeze to death is as follows:

(1) Penguins have thick fat under their skin, which can last for more than 1 days, and can resist the cold wind in Antarctica. It is true that the outermost penguin can last for a period of time in extreme cold.

(2) The penguin colony will keep certain small steps and move slowly as a whole, with a moving speed of about ten centimeters per minute. This movement can alternately change the position of the outer penguins, so that every penguin has a chance to come to the middle to avoid the cold;

(3) Due to the accumulation of heat, the temperature in the middle can reach above 3℃, which will make the penguins in the middle feel too hot, so the penguins in the middle often stick out their heads to dissipate heat or move to cool themselves down, so that the penguins gradually disperse and the outer penguins have a chance to squeeze in;

It is in this cooperative way that penguins can survive in the extremely cold Antarctic. The chicks will snuggle tightly under their parents' bellies, and the male emperor penguin also has a pouch. However, when the flock moves, it is very dangerous for the chicks. Once the penguin mother falls down or gets separated from the chicks, it may crush the chicks.