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What will be tested in the high school geography exam,

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Part I Physical Geography and Maps

1. Earth in the universe

(1) The earth is a celestial body in the universe.

The cosmic environment of the earth. The earth is an ordinary and special planet in the solar system.

(2) the relationship between the sun and the earth

General situation of solar system. The position of the earth in the solar system.

The source of solar energy.

Solar activity and its influence on the earth.

(3) Earth

The shape and size of the earth. Earth axis. Two poles. Meridian original meridian longitude. Equatorial. Latitude, latitude. Jingwei network and its significance.

The division of the eastern and western hemispheres. The boundary between the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. Division of high, middle and low latitudes. Tropic of cancer South Arctic Circle.

Division of time zones. International standard time. Beijing time. Time domain application.

Direction, speed and period of the earth's rotation. Geographical significance of earth's rotation.

The direction, orbit, speed and period of the earth's revolution, and the intersection of yellow and red. The geographical significance of the earth's revolution.

(4) Space exploration

The significance of space exploration. The present situation of space exploration.

2. Atmosphere

(1) atmospheric composition and vertical stratification

The composition of the atmosphere.

Vertical stratification of the atmosphere and its influence on human activities.

(2) Thermal state of troposphere and atmospheric movement

The heating process of the atmosphere.

Daily and annual variations of temperature. General law of temperature distribution

Causes of vertical and horizontal motion of the atmosphere. Three-circle circulation and the formation of pressure zone and wind zone. Relationship between atmospheric circulation and water and heat transport.

(3) Atmospheric precipitation

Time variation of precipitation.

Distribution of annual precipitation in the world.

(4) Weather, climate and human beings

Characteristics of frontal, low pressure, high pressure, frontal cyclone and other weather systems.

Main climatic types and distribution.

The main factors affecting the climate.

Climate resources such as light, heat, water and wind and their utilization.

Harm and defense of meteorological disasters such as cold wave, typhoon, rainstorm and strong wind.

Global greenhouse effect, ozone layer destruction and acid rain.

(5) Interpretation and application of graphic languages such as pressure, temperature, precipitation contour map and histogram.

3. Ocean

(1) Nature and movement of seawater

Distribution and variation of average salinity and temperature on the ocean surface

Distribution law of ocean currents. Influence of ocean current on geographical environment.

(2) Marine development

Main types of marine resources and their present situation and prospect of development and utilization.

Importance, present situation and prospect of marine space development and utilization.

China is adjacent to sea areas, major fishing grounds, marine aquatic products and major saltworks.

(3) marine environmental protection

Major marine environmental problems. Main measures to protect the marine environment.

4. Land

(1) land composition and crustal changes

Main rock-forming minerals. Three kinds of rocks. Composition and process of crustal material circulation and its influence on the surface.

The main content of plate tectonic theory. The influence of plate movement on the surface.

Types of land water bodies and their relationships. Water cycle in nature and its significance.

The role of organisms in the formation of terrestrial environment.

Formation of soil and its role in terrestrial environment.

(2) The integrity of geographical environment and the law of regional differentiation.

Integrity of geographical environment.

Law of regional differentiation.

(3) Land resources and geological disasters

Characteristics of terrestrial natural resources. The influence of terrestrial natural resources on human activities. Resource problem.

Characteristics of main natural resources in China.

Main geological disasters and their prevention.

5. Map

Direction and scale on the map.

Commonly used legends and notes.

Altitude (absolute height) and relative height. Contours (depth lines) and topographic maps. Topographic profile.

Part II Human Geography

1. Human production activities and geographical environment

(1) agriculture

Agricultural location factor

Main agricultural regional types and their characteristics.

Distribution of main crops in China. Animal husbandry and aquaculture in China.

(2) Industry

Industrial location factors. The relationship between industrial development and location.

Characteristics of different types of industrial zones.

Distribution, characteristics and forming conditions of major industrial bases and industrial centers in China.

2. Population and environment

Population reproduction (1)

Main factors affecting population growth and distribution.

The growth of the world population. The division of the world population.

Population growth and distribution in China. China's population policy.

(2) Population and environment

The relationship between population and environment.

Population growth in different regions.

Environmental carrying capacity. Reasonable capacity. The significance of population control.

(3) Population quality and environment

Main environmental factors affecting the physical quality of the population.

Influence of population cultural quality on environment.

(4) Population migration and environment

Factors affecting population migration.

The current situation and causes of population migration in China.

3. Human settlement-settlement

(1) Settlement Formation

The origin and development of villages and cities.

(2) the location of the city

The influence of natural, economic and social factors on urban development.

(3) Urbanization

Urbanization and its process.

Problems and countermeasures in the process of urbanization.

(4) urban regional structure

Urban functional zoning. Regional structure characteristics of different cities.

Reasonable urban planning.

4. Regional connection of human activities

(1) Main ways and functions of regional contact of human activities

The main ways of regional contact of human activities (transportation, communication, commerce, service industry, etc.). ) and its function.

(2) Transportation and communication

Main modes of transportation and their characteristics.

Location factors of traffic lines and stations. The formation and development of traffic network.

Main traffic trunk lines, railway hubs and ports in China.

Urban road traffic network.

The role of modern communication means and communication network.

(3) Commercial trade

Location factors of commercial center. Layout of commercial outlets.

China is a major commercial center, a major import and export commodity, and a major trading country and region.

International relations and the characteristics of contemporary finance and trade.

5. Cultural landscape

(1) cultural landscape

The formation of cultural landscape. The relationship between cultural landscape and environment.

(2) Cultural origin and cultural communication

Cultural origin. The main ways of cultural exchange and cultural communication.

6. Tourism activities and environment

(1) Tourism Activities and Their Functions

Characteristics of tourism activities. The role of tourism activities.

(2) Geographical environment and tourism

Tourism resources and their characteristics. The value of tourism resources.

Tourism resources in China.

Basic requirements of tourism landscape appreciation.

(3) Coordinated development of tourism activities and geographical environment.

Environmental problems in tourism activities.

The scale of tourism activities should be adapted to the carrying capacity of the environment.

7. World political, economic and geographical pattern

(1) world political geography pattern

The multipolarization trend of world politics. Geopolitical cooperation and conflict in international politics.

(2) the geographical pattern of the world economy

The trend of world economic globalization. The influence of economic globalization on regional development.

Regional cooperation and competition in international economy.

(3) Comprehensive national strength

Influencing factors of comprehensive national strength. Ways to improve comprehensive national strength.

8. Environmental problems faced by mankind and sustainable development

(1) Environmental problems

The emergence of environmental problems.

Prevention and control of environmental problems.

Environmental problems and protection in China.

(2) Sustainable development

Evolution of the relationship between man and land.

Concepts and principles of sustainable development.

China's sustainable development strategy.

Part III World Geography

1. General situation of world geography

(1) World Land and Sea

Distribution of land and sea in the world. Submarine topography. Land topography.

(2) Residents and countries in the world

Distribution of major races in the world.

Countries and regions in the world.

2. Geographical division of the world

East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and North Asia, North America, Latin America, Oceania, Antarctica.

The location and scope of each district; Major countries and cities; Main regional characteristics.

3. Geographical characteristics of major countries in the world

Japan, India, Egypt, Germany, Russia, USA, Brazil, Australia.

The fourth part is the geography of China.

1. Territorial and administrative divisions of China.

Geographical location. Territorial composition. Administrative divisions.

2. Nationalities in China

A unified multi-ethnic country. Characteristics of ethnic distribution and regional distribution of major ethnic minorities in China.

3. The topography of China

General features of the terrain. Characteristics and distribution of various landforms.

Influence of topography on natural environment and economic development in China.

Distribution of earthquake zones and volcanoes in China.

4. Climate in China

Characteristics and causes of temperature distribution in winter and summer.

Distribution characteristics and causes of annual precipitation. Influence of monsoon activity on precipitation. Monsoon region and non-monsoon region.

The main features of climate.

Major meteorological disasters and their impacts on production and life.

5. Rivers and lakes in China

External flow area and internal flow area. Main rivers and their hydrological characteristics. The distribution of lakes. Major lakes.

General situation of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Pearl River; Water system and hydrological characteristics; Economic significance; Development, utilization and governance.

General situation of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal.

6. Regional differences in China.

Spatial position and basic characteristics of three natural regions in China.

Differences within the eastern monsoon region.

The influence of natural regional differences on human activities in China.

7. Northern region