Cen Shen, a frontier poet of the Tang Dynasty, used pear blossoms as a metaphor for snow in "Song of White Snow to Send Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital":_?

Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloomed. There is also information: cénshēn (about 715-770), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, originally from Nanyang (now Xinye, Henan), moved to Jiangling (now Jiangling) Belongs to Hubei). Born in Jiangling, Jingzhou (now Jiangling, Hubei), he was 55 years old. Born into a bureaucratic family, his great-grandfather, great-uncle, and uncle all rose to the rank of prime minister. Together with Gao Shi, he was called "Gao Cen" and his father also served as governor of the state twice. But his father died early and the family declined. He received books from his brother since he was a child and read the classics and history. At the age of twenty, he went to Chang'an and presented books to seek official positions. When he failed to seek an official position, he traveled to Beijing and Luo and wandered around Heshuo. In the third year of Tianbao (744, at the age of thirty), he became a Jinshi and was awarded Cao Cao to join the army. In the eighth year of Tianbao's reign, he served as the secretary of the shogunate Gao Xianzhi, the Jiedushi envoy of the four towns in Anxi, and went to Anxi. After ten years, he returned to Chang'an. Thirteen years later, he served as the judge of Feng Changqing, the governor of Anbeiting, and went out to the fortress again. After the Anshi Rebellion, he returned to the imperial court only after two years in Germany. He spent six years in the frontier fortress twice. His poem said: "Serving the king for thousands of miles, I want nothing for myself. I also know that the frontier fortress is hard, how can I seek for my wife." ("On the way to Longshan for the first time") He also said: "I stand aside to help the army and guard the curtain, and I hold back my responsibilities. He is on the border, and he has been wearing short back clothes since then. He is now able to walk on horseback, and he is not weak." ("Presenting the title of the doctor in the western suburbs of Beiting") It can be seen that he went out to the fortress twice. Quite ambitious. After he returned to the court, he was recommended by Du Fu and others to serve as Youbu Que. Later, he was transferred to official positions such as living room and residence. In the first year of Dali, he was appointed governor of Jiazhou, which was known as Cen Jiazhou in the world. Later he was dismissed from office and died in a hotel in Chengdu.

Most of Cen Shen's early poems were about describing scenes, expressing feelings and giving replies. The style of landscape poetry is clear and elegant, quite close to He Xun. But the language is strange and solemn, and the artistic conception is novel; it is sentimental and full of sadness and anger about poverty and lowliness. Such as "Feelings of Encounter", "Jingwei", "Twilight Autumn Mountain Tour", "To Daliang But Send to the Master of Kuangcheng", etc. Six years of living in the frontier fortress made Cen Shen's poetic realm unprecedentedly broad, and his creative novelty further developed. The majestic and romantic color became the keynote of his frontier fortress poetry. He not only enthusiastically praised the bravery and military exploits of the Tang army, but also euphemistically revealed the cruelty and tragedy of war. Exotic scenery such as volcanic clouds, snow in the Tianshan Mountains, steaming hot seas, extremely cold seas, strong winds rolling rocks, and yellow sand pouring into the sky are all integrated into his poems. His representative works include "Song of White Snow", "Walking Horses and Rivers" and "Song of Luntai". In addition, he also wrote about the customs of the frontier fortress and the friendly coexistence of various ethnic groups, as well as the homesickness and uneven joy and sorrow of the soldiers, which greatly opened up the creative themes and artistic realm of frontier fortress poetry. Cen Shen's poems in his later years were sometimes sad and confused, and he gradually became depressed. After entering Shu, the landscape poems added strange and majestic features, but the idea of ??seclusion also developed in the poems.

The main ideological tendency of Cen Shi is the heroic spirit of generously serving the country and the optimistic spirit of not being afraid of difficulties; artistically, it is majestic, rich in imagination, bold in exaggeration, colorful, novel in creativity, and steep in style. He is good at describing the magnificent and colorful frontier fortress scenery and expressing his bold and unrestrained emotions in seven-character songs. Du Que, a native of the Tang Dynasty, compiled "Collection of Cen Jiazhou Poems", and later generations' collections evolved accordingly. Today's Chen Tiemin and Hou Zhongyi have "Cen Shenji's Annotations". His deeds can be found in Du Que's "Preface to the Collection of Cen Jiazhou", "Chronicles of Tang Poems" and "Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty".

Cen Shen was a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were frequent wars in the northwest frontier area. Cen Shen, with the ambition to make contributions outside the Great Wall, went out to the Great Wall twice and served as a military official for a long time. He lived in the frontier army for six years. Therefore, he had a long-term understanding of the icy and snowy scenery outside the Great Wall, the life of pommel and horse soldiers. Observe and experience. He passionately praised the fighting spirit of the border guards, such as "Luntai Song to Send Doctor Feng to the Western Expedition", which wrote about the heroic scenes of the soldiers marching forward bravely and fighting in the snowy sea on the battlefield. "The snow and the sea surged with drums and drums from all sides, and the three armies shouted for the Yinshan Mountains to move." The soldiers worked hard and were full of loyalty, bravery and patriotic spirit. Another example is "Zou Ma Chuan March to Send Off the Western Expedition", the poet describes the tense pre-war march of the soldiers in the wind and snow: "The general does not take off his golden armor at night, marching in the middle of the night, fighting against each other, the limelight is like a knife." Cen Shen It also exposed the unevenness of joy and sorrow in military camp life. In "Jade Gate General Gai's Song", he described the life of a frontier general as "a warm house with embroidered curtains and a red hearth, woven into wall clothes and flowered robes. The maids in front of the lamp poured jade pots, and the gold boring machines were randomly dotted with wild crisps. Purple Fu Jinzhang walks left and right, and the person who asks is the Cangtou slave." On the other hand, the life of soldiers is that "soldiers often suffer from hunger and misfortune." Cen Shen also narrated the magnificent mountains and rivers in the western border of the motherland, and gave vivid and exaggerated artistic descriptions of the ever-changing frontier scenery, such as "Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloomed" ” is written about the wind and snow on the frontier, but it gives people a feeling of boundless spring. Cen Shen's poems are rich in imagination, novel in artistic conception, majestic, strange in style, magnificent in words, and have the characteristics of romanticism. The patriotic poet Lu You once praised, "I thought there was only one person after Taibai and Zimei." ("Weinan Collected Works·Postscript of Cen Jiazhou Poetry Collection")

There is a work "Cen Jiazhou Collection", with 360 poems in existence.

Cen Shen's poems had a wide range of themes. In addition to poems about his life experience and poems to express to friends, he also wrote many landscape poems before leaving the fortress. The style of poetry is quite similar to that of Xie Zhao and He Xun, but it has novel artistic conception. Like Yin Fan's "He Yue Ying Ling Ji" praised "the mountain wind blew through the empty forest, rustling as if there were people" ("Mountain Travel in Late Autumn"), "the long wind blows the white grass, and the wild fire burns the withered mulberry trees" ("Zhi Daliang But Send to the Master of Kuang City"). 》) and other poems are all examples of poetic wonder. Du Fu also said that "Brother Cen Shen is curious" ("Meipi Xing"). The so-called "curiosity" refers to the love of novel things.

Since leaving the fortress, in the new world of Anxi and Beiting, and in the fighting life of Anma Fengchen, his poetic realm has expanded unprecedentedly, and his love for novelty has further developed in his creations. The development and majestic romantic color became the main style of his frontier poems.

In the late Tianbao period, the internal affairs of the Tang Empire were extremely corrupt, but the military force at the Anxi frontier was still quite strong. Cen Shen Tianbao wrote a poem in the 13th year of his life, "The candidate for the title of doctor in the western suburbs of Beiting was surrendered and returned to the army." The poem once described the prestige of the Tang army at that time: "The alfalfa in the Hu land is beautiful, and the horses are fat in the round platform. The doctor attacked the Xiongnu, and he set off to the west of the month before. . The soldiers did not fight, and the captives came back. The tents were piled up, and the beacon fires in Yinshan were extinguished, and the swords and water feathers were sparse. "This situation remained until the Anshi Rebellion. Cen Shen's frontier fortress poems were produced under this situation.

"Zou Ma Chuan is walking to send the doctor to the Western Expedition" is one of the outstanding masterpieces of Cen Shen's frontier fortress poems:

Don't you see, Zuo Ma Chuan is walking by the snowy seaside, and the flat sand is vast and yellow into the sky. The wind roared on the September night in Luntai, and the gravel in the river was as big as a bucket, and the stones were scattered all over the ground in the wind. The Xiongnu grass is yellow and the horses are getting fat, smoke and dust are seen flying in the west of Jinshan Mountain, and the generals of the Han family are marching west. The general's golden armor stayed on all night, and the troops fought against each other in the middle of the night. The limelight was like a knife cutting across the face. The horse hair is steaming with snow and sweat, the five-flowered money is swirled into ice, and the grass and inkstone in the curtain are condensed with water. The captive cavalry should be frightened when they hear this. Unexpectedly, they don't dare to fight with short soldiers, and the chariot driver Ximen stands still to show off his victory.

This poem is about Feng Changqing's Western expedition. The poet tried his best to exaggerate the roaring wind at night, the natural environment of flying sand and rocks, and the approaching Xiongnu cavalry, which effectively reflected the prestige of "the general of the Han family marching westward". The three lines of "General's Golden Armor" also describe the urgency of the military situation and the strictness of military discipline. The sounds of "fighting" heard by chance are used to describe the army's night march. It is especially full of strong suggestive power, contrasting with the menacing enemy in front. The description shows that the Tang army was so calm and composed, making it even more fierce and elite. The three sentences "horse hair carries snow" written against the severe cold also show the bravery and fearlessness of the Tang army. Although there is no battle in the poem, the above descriptions fully and powerfully show the inevitable trend of victory. Therefore, the three sentences at the end wishing victory are the finishing touch. The rapid rhythm of three lines and one turn of rhyme used in this poem also goes well with the rapidly changing military situation.

"Luntai Song to Send the Feng Dafu to the Western Expedition" is also written about the Tang army's expedition: "The general supported the expedition to the west, and the flute-playing army marched in Pingming. The drums were beating on all sides, and the snow and the sea surged, and the three armies shouted for the Yinshan Mountains to move. . "This is a day march, so the writing method is different from the previous poem about night march. The previous poem is about running quickly without hearing the sound of human voices, trying to exaggerate nature; but this poem is trying to exaggerate the playing of flutes and drums, and the shouting of the three armies, so that the majesty of the army overwhelms nature. Different techniques show the heroic and invincible spirit of the Tang army.

"Bai Xue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital" can be said to be a masterpiece that is a third of the first two poems:

The north wind blows and the white grass breaks, Hu Tian will fly in August Snow. Suddenly a spring breeze comes overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloom. Scattered into the pearl curtains and wet the silk curtains, the fox fur is not warm and the brocade quilt is thin; the general's horns and bows cannot be controlled, and the protective iron clothes are cold and cold. The vast sea is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds condense thousands of miles away. The Chinese army prepares wine and drinks for returning guests, playing fiddles, lutes, lutes and flutes. Snow falls one after another on the camp gate, and the red flag is blown by the wind and does not turn over due to the freezing cold. I saw you off at the east gate of Luntai. When you left, the road to Tianshan Mountain was covered with snow. You can't be seen on the winding mountain road, leaving a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.

This poem is about the peaceful life in the army. At the beginning of writing about the wonderful scene of snow falling in August outside the Great Wall, I unexpectedly used thousands of pear trees as a metaphor, giving people a feeling of vigorous and boundless spring. The following describes the strange cold in the military camp, the icy and snowy background, and the urgent arrangements at the farewell banquet. Everywhere depicts the romantic atmosphere of a foreign land, and also shows the complex emotions of farewell among guests. Finally, he writes about riding home on the road covered with snow in the Tianshan Mountains, leaving hoof prints gradually and further away, intertwined with the poet's feelings of farewell and homesickness. Writing Yiyi's farewell poem in such a beautiful and bold way is exactly Cen Shen's romantic and optimistic nature.

Cen Shen also wrote many poems describing the strange scenery of the northwest frontier. For example, "The volcano is abrupt at the entrance of Chiting Pavilion, and the fire clouds are thick in May. The fire clouds are all over the sky and have not yet opened, and the birds that fly thousands of miles away dare not come." It sounds like it is very hot when I read it. "A Journey to Rehai to Send Cui Shiyu Back to the Capital" is even more full of strange emotions:

I heard the Yinshan Hu'er say: The hot sea water at the west end is as hot as boiling. The birds on the sea do not dare to fly, and among them there are carps that are long and fat. The green grass beside the bank never stops, and the white snow in the sky swirls away in the distance. The steaming sand and sparkling rocks burn the clouds, and the boiling waves and flaming waves fry the moon. ...

This is the myth of ethnic minorities, exaggerated by "curious" romantic poets, and brings us into an incredible and novel world.

The descriptions of frontier customs in his poems are also eye-catching. The living environment of the military camp here is: "The rain blows on the felt walls, and the wind shakes the curtains" ("The First Autumn Luntai"); the furnishings of the luxurious life in the shogunate are: "The warm house with embroidered curtains and the red stove, woven The clothes on the wall are decorated with flowers, and the maids are pouring jade pots in front of the lamps, and the gold pans are scattered with wild camel cakes." ("Song of General Gai at Yumen Pass"); the scene of the singing and dancing banquet here is: "The pipa and flute are in harmony, and the Qiang children and Hu Chun are singing together. "The ploughing cattle are cooking the wild camels, and the wine is flowing into the river." ("Written after being drunk at the Jiuquan Prefecture's Banquet"), "The graceful face is delicate and slender, and the golden lace flowers are light and green, and the sleeves are like flying snow. A whirlwind spreads to the left and right" ("Tian Shijun's beauty dances like a lotus to the north"). These are all new things in the eyes of Cen Shen, who is accustomed to life in the Central Plains. What is more noteworthy is that his poems also reflect the touching scenes of people of various ethnic groups interacting with each other and having fun together: "In the army, there are drums for wine and wine at night, and brocade feasts and red candles are held until noon.

"General Huamen is good at Hu Ge, and King Yehefan is good at Chinese" ("A long sentence to say goodbye to Dugu Jian and Yan Ba ??Shiyu"); "The wind in the Tianshan Mountains in September is like a knife, and the hunting horses in the south of the city are shrinking with cold hair." "The general wins every game, and the bet is only as good as the sable robe" ("Song of General Zhao").

Cen Shen also wrote some poems about cherishing the homeland and missing relatives at the frontier, such as "The Song of General Zhao", which has been passed down to future generations. "Meeting the Envoy in Beijing":

The road to the east of my hometown is long, and my sleeves are full of tears. I will meet you soon without a pen or paper.

Things are very ordinary. But the affection is very deep. However, his poem "I will leave for Beiting after leaving Lintao":

I heard that the spring breeze never comes every year on Luntai Road, and the Han envoys should also be there. The white grass is sparse, and the green hills are like Wuwei. King Qin dares to travel a long way and returns home privately.

It also shows his touching mood of putting state affairs first. After the An-Shi Rebellion, although he also expressed some sentiments of sympathy for the times in "Two Marching Poems" and other poems, they are somewhat inferior to the frontier fortress poems mentioned above. The poem "Chun Tan Sent to an Old Friend in the Dynasty to Di Comments on Things" says: "The world is still not at peace, and I am at a loss. Since the war broke out, the world has become narrower. "This mood can also explain the reason why his romantic pride disappeared and he rarely reflected on the Anshi Rebellion.

Cen Shen's poems are basically characterized by the heroism of generous service to the country and the optimism of not fearing hardship. This is consistent with Gao Shi. The difference is that he describes more of the colorful life in the frontier and lacks the sympathy for the soldiers in Gao Shi's poems. This is mainly because his background and early experience are different from Gao Shi's. .

Cen Shen’s poems are full of romantic characteristics: majestic momentum, rich imagination, magnificent colors, and unrestrained enthusiasm. His curious thoughts and character give his frontier poems a unique artistic charm. His poems are quite rich in form, but he is best at seven-character lines, sometimes with two lines, sometimes with three lines, or four lines, which are constantly jumping and full of images. In poems such as "A Night Collection with the Judges", we can also see that he also pays attention to learning from folk songs.

Du Que's "Preface to the Collected Poems of Cen Jiazhou" said that in his poems, "Every piece of poetry is a masterpiece." According to the biography, although the people in Lu were common people and the barbarians were barbarians, they all satirized, recited and chanted "Yan". It can be seen that his poems were widely circulated at that time, and they were not only appreciated by both refined and popular people, but also loved by people of all ethnic groups. Yin Fan and Du Fu were in He praised his poems during his lifetime. Lu You, a patriotic poet of the Song Dynasty, even said that his poems "are as powerful as those of Li Du" ("Reading Cen Jiazhou Poems at Night"). Although the evaluation may be exaggerated, one can imagine the depth of Cen's poems. Version of "Cen Jiazhou Collection" Thirty years after Cen Shen's death, his son Cen Zuogong collected the posthumous works and asked Du Que to compile the 8-volume "Cen Jiazhou Collection of Poems". This was the beginning of the collection of Cen's poems, which evolved into 8 and 7 volumes in the Song Dynasty. , 10-volume three editions. The 10-volume edition of Song Magazine is not handed down today. The currently popular 7-volume edition of "Sibu Congkan" seems to have evolved from the 7-volume edition of "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". It evolved from the 8-volume edition of the Song Dynasty. Chen Tiemin and Hou Zhongyi edited several editions and wrote "Cen Shen Collection". ". Lai Yihui, a recent scholar, wrote "Cen Shen Chronicle", Wen Yiduo wrote "Cen Jiazhou's Chronicles", and Li Jiayan wrote "Cen's Poetry Chronicles". Introduction to works

Cen Shen (715-770), Jiangling, Jingzhou. He was born in Nanyang. He was lonely and poor at an early age, and he was a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was as famous as Gao Shi and was known as "Gao Cen" in the world. Ancient poem.

Climb the pagoda of Ci'en Temple with Gao Shixue

The tower is like a surge of water, standing alone in the sky.

Climbing out of the world, the road is empty. .

The towering sky is as tall as a ghost's work.

The four corners block the daylight, and the seven layers cover the sky.

Look down and listen to the tall birds. The wind is blowing.

The mountains are like waves, running towards the east.

The green locust trees are on the road, and the palace is exquisite.

The autumn scenery comes from the west. The blue sky is all over Guanzhong.

On the northern plain of Wuling, there is eternal greenness. Go and feel that your Taoist resources are endless.

Zuomachuan is walking to send the troops out for the Western Expedition

Don’t you see that Zuomachuan is walking by the snowy seaside, and the flat sand is vast and yellow into the sky.

The wind roared on the September night in Luntai, and the gravel in the river was as big as a bucket, and the stones were scattered all over the ground in the wind.

The Xiongnu grass is yellow and the horses are fat, smoke and dust are flying in the west of Jinshan Mountain, and the generals of the Han family are marching west.

The general did not take off his golden armor at night, and the troops fought against each other in the middle of the night, and the limelight was cut like a knife.

The horse hair is covered with snow and sweat is steaming, the five-flowered money is swirled into ice, and the grass and inkstone in the curtain are condensed with water.

The captive cavalry should be frightened when they hear this. Unexpectedly, they do not dare to meet the enemy at short range. The charioteer Ximen stands still to show off his victory.

--To express the high patriotic spirit of the border guards, the poet used contrasting techniques to exaggerate and exaggerate the harsh environment to highlight the characters' fearless spirit. Cen Shen's poems about frontier fortresses are full of strange words, either fresh and meaningful, or powerful and magnificent. This poem is written in a majestic and majestic way.

The song of Luntai was used to send Doctor Feng off to march to the west

The trumpet was blown on the first night of Luntai City, and the tower in the north of Luntai City fell.

Yu Shu passed by Quli last night, and Chanyu was already in Jinshanxi.

Looking west from the garrison, the smoke and dust are black, and Han soldiers are stationed in Luntaibei.

The general marched to the west with his support, and the flute-playing army marched in Pingming.

The snow and the sea surged from all sides, and the three armies shouted for the Yinshan Mountains to move.

The soldiers are so strong that they are still stationed in the clouds, and the bones on the battlefield are entangled with the grass roots.

The wind blows fiercely in Jianhe River, and the snowflakes are wide, and the horseshoes fall off due to the frozen rocks in Shakou.

King Yaxiangqin has endured hardships and vowed to repay his lord for peace in the world.

Who has not seen the ancients and the Qing Dynasty, but today we see the achievements and fame of the ancients.

--Although this frontier fortress poem is titled farewell, it focuses on the Western Expedition. I hope that the other party will clear up the dust and make contributions to foreign lands. The first six sentences of the poem describe the tense state of confrontation between the two armies before the war. The next four sentences describe the day's departure to take over the battle, and then write about the cold and sacrifice. Praise the soldiers for fighting the enemy with no regard for their own safety. The last four sentences echo the title, wish for victory, and end with praise.

Bai Xuege sent Magistrate Wu back to the capital

The north wind blows and the white grass breaks on the ground, and it snows in August.

Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloomed.

The pearl curtains are scattered and wet, and the fox fur is not warm and the brocade quilt is thin.

The general's horns and bows cannot be controlled, and the guards' iron coats are cold and cold.

The vast sea is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds condense thousands of miles away.

The Chinese army prepares wine and drinks for returning guests, as well as playing fiddles, lutes, and flutes.

Dusk snow falls one after another on the camp gate, and the wind blows and the red flag remains frozen.

I saw you off at the east gate of Luntai. When you left, the Tianshan Road was covered with snow.

You can't be seen on the mountain winding road, leaving a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.

——The north wind sweeps across the earth and blows away all the grass, causing the weather in the Hu land to fall with snow in August. Suddenly, it was like a spring breeze blowing overnight, and thousands of pear trees seemed to be in full bloom. Snowflakes scattered into the bead curtain and wet the silk curtain. The fox fur was not warm enough and the brocade quilt was too thin. The general's hands were too cold to draw his horned bow, and the guard's armor was still wearing ice-cold armor. The desert is frozen for hundreds of feet with cracks vertically and horizontally, and gloomy and gloomy clouds gather in the sky. Wine is placed in the coach's tent to bid farewell to returning guests, and an ensemble of fiddles, pipa, and flutes is played to entertain the guests. In the evening, heavy snow kept falling in front of the camp gate, and the red flag was frozen solid and could not be pulled by the wind. Outside the east gate of Luntai I send you off to Beijing. When you left, the road to Tianshan Mountain was covered with heavy snow. You can no longer be seen on the winding mountain road, leaving only a string of horse hoof marks on the snow.

Send to Du Shiyi from Zuo Province

Jointly follow Danbi, divide Cao and limit Ziwei.

At dawn, the war comes in with the sky, and at dusk, the royal fragrance returns.

The white hair is sad and the flowers are falling, and the blue clouds are envious of birds flying.

There is nothing wrong with the Holy Dynasty, and there are few books of advice.

Spring Dream

The spring breeze blew up in the bridal chamber last night, recalling the beauty of the Xiangjiang River.

In a spring dream on my pillow, I traveled thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River.

Meeting an envoy to Beijing

Looking eastward from my hometown, the road is long and my sleeves are full of tears.

We will meet soon without pen and paper, and I will rely on you to send messages of peace.

Qizhongzuo

Walking to the west, I want to reach the sky. I leave home and see that the moon is full twice.

I don’t know where to stay tonight, the flat sand is completely deserted.

--This poem was written at a similar time to "Meeting the Envoy to the Capital", and was written around the eighth year of Tianbao (749) when Cen Shen joined the army for the first time in the Western Expedition. "Qi Zhong Zuo" means that this poem was written in the desert. The bright moon shone on the flat and vast desert. He thought of the people who had not returned in the full moon and saw the Tang army camped in the sand moraine, so he wrote this quatrain. This is a sketch of camping life during a desert march.

Preface to the Song of Upala Flowers

After reading Buddhist scriptures, I heard that there are Upala flowers, but I have never seen them. When Tianbao Gengshen was old, he participated in Dali to comment on affairs, photographed and supervised the censor, and fell in love with Yi Beiting, the deputy envoy of the branch. In his free time, he planted trees and medicines in the courtyard of Daofu, and dug a pond for the mountain. The whirling sound is enough to show pride. Some of the officials in Jiaohe offered this flower, and it was said that they got it from the south of Tianshan Mountain. Its shape is like a knife and many grasses, and its power is like a crown and a bunch of cages. It is so tall that it is tall, but it is not close to it. It is folded in the middle of the collection of flowers, and its parallel leaves are wrapped around it. It is fragrant and windy, and the scenery is beautiful. Because of the appreciation, he sighed and said, "You were not born in the middle of the country, but lived in a distant place, so peonies are highly valued and hibiscus is highly praised. What a pity!" Heaven and earth are selfless, yin and yang are unbiased, each produces its own thing, and everything has its own nature. How can it not be born because of the bias of the place, how can it not be fragrant because there is no one? It is suitable for this flower not to be affected by petty officials, and eventually left to the valley, how can it be so different? Talented people who don't understand their master are thrown into Lin Xouxie! I sang because of my feelings, and the song said:

Baishan is to the south and Chishan is to the north. There are flowers among them that no one knows, with green stems and green leaves of beautiful color.

The leaves have six petals and the flowers have nine rooms. There are so many strange fragrances blooming in the morning under the cover of night, why not be born in China and be born in the West?

Move your roots in the court and charm me in the court. It's shameful to be in the company of other grasses. How can a tall and beautiful tree be fragrant alone?

Why not be appreciated by others? The deep mountains and poor valleys are extremely frosty.

I feel so sad that the road to Yangguan is so long that I was not allowed to offer it to the king.

Comments:

Cen Shen's poem "Meeting the Envoy Entering the Capital" was written in a casual manner, without any pretense, with simple language and sincere feelings.

3. Skillfully refining words to make them vivid and expressive—discussing the wording skills of "Baixuege" (Zhang Tao)

Cen Shen's "Baixuege Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital" with a swaying The vivid brushwork depicts the magnificent snow scenery outside the Great Wall and expresses the sincere and profound feelings of farewell. It is deeply touching to read. Skillful word formation and vivid and vivid expression are a major feature of this poem.

Use verbs skillfully to express situations. "The north wind blows the ground and the white grass breaks, and the sky is full of snow in August." The poet wrote about the fierce wind and early snow in the north of the Great Wall.

The word "juan" depicts the rapid and violent force of the new wind outside the Great Wall, sweeping everything, highlighting its incomparable power, as if it stirs up the roar of the wind in our ears; the white grass "withers in winter but does not wither, and is extremely tough" ("Han Dynasty") (Book·Xicheng Biography" Wang Xianqian added annotation), and because of the strong wind, it could not withstand it and even broke. The "roll" and "fold" vividly represent the fierce struggle between the strong wind and the strong grass. What a profound feeling it gives people! The heavy snow is flying, fluttering in the wind, "scattered into the bead curtain and wet Luo curtain", the word "scatter" is apt and expressive, it makes us imagine pieces of flying snow, flying in on the wind, and suddenly disappearing as soon as we enter the "bead curtain", it turns out that The stickiness dissolves in "Luo Mu" and makes it "wet". The word "wet" makes the meaning of coldness perceptible to readers. If we hadn't paid close attention to details and worked hard, could we have expressed such complex meanings in simple words? Another example is "Twilight snow falls on the camp gate one after another, and the red flag is frozen in the wind." It paints a clear picture: heavy snow fills the sky and falls one after another. The word "下" gives people a feeling of heavy falling; due to the effect of snow, despite the early wind, With strong blowing, the red flag no longer rolls, and the word "掴" describes the situation of the red flag being caught in the wind and the flag banner frozen. The reader seems to be showing a moving relief, with both texture and volume. Therefore, we cannot underestimate a single word. It has a strong expressive power after being repeatedly tempered by the author and woven into the poem.

Use numbers skillfully to broaden your horizons. This ancient poem uses a lot of numerals, which broadens the realm of the poem and enhances the expression effect. "Suddenly a spring breeze comes overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloom." This is a famous saying about snow that has been passed down through the ages. It has a strange imagination and an apt comparison, and people all praise it. "A night of spring breeze" contrasts with "thousands of trees". A night of spring breeze prompts thousands of pear blossoms to bloom, and the lines reveal a vigorous and rich boundless spring spirit. . "One night" is so short, and "thousands of trees" are so numerous! The digitalization of poetry has enhanced the artistic appeal: it not only highlights the crystal clearness, freshness and beauty of white snow, but also describes its rapid arrival and vastness of whiteness, creating a very magnificent artistic realm. Another example is the sentence "The sea of ????Han is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds are condensed thousands of miles away", which outlines the desert snow scene with exaggerated pen and ink: the sea of ??sand is vast, with ice crisscrossing it, and the "hundred feet" can be seen as the ice-covered snow cover; the sky is filled with clouds, which cannot be condensed. , using "thousands of miles" to express its boundlessness. The combination of the two shows the majestic momentum of the sand sea and snow scene. At the same time, the Hanhai Sea is frozen, and "Baizhang" implies a journey of ice and snow; the clouds are gathering, and "Wanli" implies a long journey, which prepares for the farewell description below. Moreover, Guanshan is a barrier and my hometown is "thousands of miles away", so the sorrow of separation probably also affects the nostalgia. Therefore, "Baizhang" and "Wanli" have multiple meanings, how cleverly used!

Use adverbs skillfully to incorporate emotions. The author is good at using appropriate adverbs to convey emotions and ideas, which is really a skill that comes from time to time and shows his skill. For example, "Hu Tian will be snowing in August", the word "ji" seems ordinary and unremarkable at first glance, but upon closer inspection, it has a profound charm. On the one hand, it shows the characteristics of early snow. In August in the mainland, it is still the golden autumn season, and heavy snow falls outside the fortress. On the other hand, it also hints at the poet's surprise: the heavy snow on the frontier fortress comes so early! Another example is "Suddenly like a spring breeze coming overnight". The word "Sudden" is very expressive: thousands of trees are covered with white; The expression is unexpected and gives people an unexpected and strange feeling, and there is something wonderful in every word. Another example is "You can't be seen on the mountain road, but there is a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow." There are mountains and mountains, the mountain road loops, and the friend goes further and further away, and the figure disappears. The word "missing" looms in the poet's mood of standing for a long time, looking far away. In particular, the poet stared at the horse hoof prints on the snow, meditating silently, leaving traces behind, which only increases his sadness. The word "empty" vividly embodies the poet's specific mood of being reluctant to say goodbye and feeling lost, making the song of snow and farewell blend into one. The author's creative intention is perfectly realized...

Liu Xie said: "It is rich in ten thousand articles, but poor in one word." This shows how difficult it is to write poetry and refine calligraphy. When we study this poem, we should analyze the language characteristics of this poem from this perspective, understand the importance of choosing words carefully, and thus improve our writing.