Why did the Chinese Expeditionary Force lose all its money as soon as it entered Myanmar?

Due to the contradiction between China, Britain and the United States, the action of the Chinese Expeditionary Force in Myanmar is an extremely complicated process. Since 1994

1one year after the pearl harbor incident on February 8, the mobilization order was first issued on 1 1 day in the same month; Expedition to1February 942 16.

The army was officially mobilized. During these two months, he was sometimes mobilized to enter Myanmar, sometimes stopped waiting, and sometimes prepared to move to the east, and was arrested repeatedly.

The loss of Yangon is uncertain, which loses the fundamental purpose of preserving Yangon's international traffic lines. After entering Myanmar, the command changed many times.

Dynamic, system disorder, unclear authority, selfishness, incompetent command, disparity in combat effectiveness of troops and so on. , failed to gather at the right time and place

In order to recover Yangon, the main force fought decisively with the enemy, but failed to retreat, and relied on danger to wage a protracted war with the enemy to preserve the materials we were defending 2. east

Wandering aimlessly, accomplish nothing, only make the soldiers have a boiling passion, humiliating the teacher and the country. Looking back now, it's really embarrassing and painful!

However, our expeditionary force was inspired by the national just war, shared common enemy, and had strong morale. It moved to the east, west, north and south to fight the enemy, and there were many things to do.

An epic story. This paper only considers planned, intensive, long-term, meaningful and key actions in Myanmar.

Fighting, such as ancient fighting, Swaziland's continuous resistance to war, yenangyaung's solution to the British siege, Chokpadang was taken in by the British army, etc. , plus

Outline.

Repeated mobilization, command confusion

(1) Mobilization

The first mobilization: 194 1 year1February1kloc-0/day, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the 93rd Division of the Sixth Army to start, and the 4th Division of the Sixth Army.

The 19th Division opened Wan Ding with a strengthening regiment under the command of the commander-in-chief of the British-Burmese army, Hu Dun, and prepared to open JD.COM. 16 to the 5th and 6th armies.

Mobilize into Burma to fight the British. When the vanguard troops of the Fifth Army arrived near Baoshan, they were ordered again on1February 26th.

"The British side said that the main forces of the Fifth Army and the Sixth Army (one regiment for the 93rd Division and one regiment for the 49th Division) did not need to enter Myanmar for the time being" and stopped. ten

On February 29th, the Fifth Army was ordered not to enter Myanmar, but to move eastward if necessary.

Second Mobilization: 1 February, 9421day, the Sixth Army was ordered to gather in mangshi, Shefang and Longling, waiting for the British to send cars to bring them into Myanmar.

The third mobilization:1February, 942 16, ordered: "According to the request of the British representative, the situation in Yangon is urgent, please send it immediately.

The five armies entered Myanmar "; All wild guns and anti-war guns should start together, and the armored corps should get ready first. "

(2) command.

194 1 year1February 22nd, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the fifth and sixth armies commanded by Du to enter Myanmar.

1 February, 9421day, the Sixth Army was placed under the command of Commander Gan, and there were other orders as to who was in charge of this army. two

The Japanese ordered the Sixth Army to enter Burma and return to British command. On the 25th, the 5th and 6th armies were ordered to move to Myanmar under the unified command of the commander Du.

Du is still under the command of Hu Dun.

On February 25, Chiang Kai-shek personally went to Kunming to give orders and deploy directly. On March 1 day, Chiang Kai-shek went to Lashio to command, two

In Lashio, Japan's Chiang Kai-shek instructed the staff committee to guide the Burmese army's operations and held consultations with the British side. On the fourth day, Jiang said to me, "You belong to Steve.

The general's orders ",and said to general Stilwell to absolutely obey. I asked, "If Stilwell's orders don't meet your decision.

What should I do? "Jiang said," you can tell me by telegram. "After Chiang returned to Chongqing, he was a little uneasy and gave me another letter.

A personal letter pointing out the importance of absolute obedience to Stilwell.

On March 8 of the same year, Lashio reported to the British side that the British government had appointed Alexander to replace Hutton as commander-in-chief of Britain and Myanmar.

Chief of staff. 1 1 day, the fifth and sixth armies were ordered to be under the command of Stilwell, chief of staff of China Theater, but Stilwell and Ya were not specified.

Alexander's position in each other. 12 "Lashio" reported that the British put forward Stilwell to command five or six armies, between Alexander and him.

The command system is unknown. On the same day, he was appointed as the first commander of Wei Expeditionary Force, and Du was appointed as the deputy commander, but Wei did not arrive.

In the past, it was allowed to be represented by Deputy Commander Du; There is no provision for the position between the commander and Stilwell's chief of staff. 17 Alexandria

I flew back to Lashou from Chongqing and returned to Meimei. On 28th, Lin Wei arrived in Mei Mei. According to Alexander, "I have decided to take myself (Asia) to Chongqing.

General Stilwell claimed to be the supreme commander of the Sino-British joint forces fighting in Myanmar. He was under my command, but the staff Committee and the troops

This order has never been received. On April 2, Luo was reassigned as the first commander of the expeditionary force, but Luo and Shi Tie were still not appointed.

The position of chief of staff.

On April 5 of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek took Luo to Lashio, and on the sixth day, he went to Meimei to personally direct the deployment, and decided to draw Manchuria and increase the tone.

When the 66th Army entered Myanmar, it summoned Dai Anlan, the commander of the 200th Division who had broken through the ancient territory, and stayed with him for one night to comfort him. Barijiang

Dai and I were invited to visit Mandalay with him. It was very dangerous for Chiang Kai-shek to see the overlapping mountains in the Tongpeng Mountains from Meimei to Mandalay.

He said to me, "The battle of Pinmanna is very important. We should encourage soldiers to smash the Japanese aggressors in one fell swoop and then recover Yangon. In case the Japanese aggressors follow suit.

With the increase of troops, our army should not force a decisive battle, take a step back to prepare for the battle of Mandalay, or hold this mountain pass (referring to Meimei and Mandalay)

) fight a protracted war with the enemy. "I quite agree with Chiang Kai-shek's instructions. After returning to Mimiao, he told me to obey Stilwell and

At Luo's instigation, Stilwell and I had a quarrel because of fighting with Gu. I was full of resentment and said to Jiang, "If you follow Stilwell's orders, two."

Hundred divisions have been destroyed. He knows neither the situation of China's army nor its tactics.

Jiang stopped me and said, "I know. Chief Luo will be here in the future, and he will understand. " Chiang Kai-shek returned to China on the 9th, and later

Stilwell and Luo take full responsibility for the command of the Chinese Expeditionary Force.

The attitude of the Burmese people and the situation in Myanmar

Under the rule of British imperialism for more than 60 years, the people of all ethnic groups in Myanmar were enslaved by colonialists and demanded national independence.

The idea of freedom is increasing day by day. At that time, Mr. Yu Mengke, editor-in-chief of Myanmar newspaper, said, "Burmese!"

Don't want to be conquered, no matter how the Japanese can't impress the Burmese, the Burmese sincerely welcome China's army. ..... "He

He added: "All three of us are fighting against Japan. I use a pen, my son uses a gun, and my wife prays for national luck every day. " he didn't

He also wrote many editorials praising the Chinese Expeditionary Force, which is the dominant thought of the Burmese people. But Chiang Kai-shek tried to please the British Empire.

Righteousness, for the Burmese people's national independence movement has never shown an attitude, let alone support the Burmese people. So apart from the advanced point in Myanmar,

In addition to actively supporting the Chinese Expeditionary Force to resist Japan, they generally take a wait-and-see attitude. The reactionaries take advantage of Japan and are willing to be Burmese traitors.

Carry out sabotage everywhere. At the same time, the Burmese people generally hated the British army and killed it at the first opportunity, which led to the extremely complicated war in Myanmar at that time.

Situation. Without the active assistance of patriotic overseas Chinese, our army will inevitably be wiped out.

Myanmar is divided into two parts according to the mountains, rivers and political and economic conditions: Upper Myanmar is north of Mandalay, and Mandalay is an important town.

City); To the south is Lower Myanmar, and the important town is Yangon. There are Naga Mountain in the west of Upper Myanmar, Minke Mountain in the middle and Tongpeng Mountain in the southeast.

There are Arakan Mountain in the west of Lower Myanmar, Ba Gu Shan in the middle, Penglong Mountain in the east and Denglao Mountain adjacent to Thailand. Three masters in the whole territory

The main rivers, namely Irrawaddy River, Sedang River (also known as Xidang River and Xidang River) and salween, run through the whole territory from north to south; Railway gong

The highway runs through the north and south and connects with the Yunnan-Myanmar highway. Wacheng is the political center, transportation hub and land-water confluence of Upper Myanmar.

Historically, it is a battleground for military strategists. The dense forests between Pengshan Mountain and Denglaoshan Mountain in Dong Tang are engaged in guerrilla warfare for the modern anti-aggression war.

The best base area.

Lower Myanmar, with Yangon as its throat, is a new commercial port with modern port equipment, and it is the last supply place of anti-Japanese war materials for China.

An international seaport is also the destination of my expeditionary force.

Kang Hu area, including Dongluo Basin and New Pingyang Basin to the east of Naga Mountain, is a virgin forest, with towering old trees and no sight of the sky.

China has always been called savage mountain. Among them, the rivers crisscross, the rainy season overflows, the water is turbulent, and the boat is sad, so it is called "Jedi".

The rainy season is not only difficult to use soldiers, but also the civil traffic is cut off; But in the dry season, rivers become channels, except Qindun River.

You can usually walk.

The climate at the junction of China, India and Myanmar can be divided into two seasons: rainy season from late May to 10, with continuous rainfall.

It's cold and humid. There are many mosquitoes and grasshoppers, and the miasma is particularly severe. 1 1 month to mid-May of the following year, which is a dry season with plenty of weather.

It's windy and seldom rains. /kloc-the wind is strong in February, and it gradually turns hot after 1, often around Fahrenheit 120 degrees.

Generally speaking, the situation in Myanmar is characterized by filial piety, big belly and pointed tail. Yangon is the gateway to Myanmar, and Tonggu and Prometheus are important gateways.

This city is the site of four wars, with bhamo and Myitkyina as the last barriers, while Tangji and Meimiao are the barriers of lashio. When the barrier collapsed, it was not just Myanmar.

If there is no foothold in Dianzi, Lashio and Wanmachi, which collect materials on the border between China and Myanmar, will be in danger.

Friend or foe, my military arrangement

1March, 942 18, the fighting started in pew, about 50 kilometers south of Tonggu, and near the bridge 12 kilometers south.

Before the start, the military arrangements between the enemy and ourselves are as follows: 1 # enemy situation: Iida Jiro and his men and other 33 divisions of the Japanese 15 army are in the street.

South America; The 55th Division is south of Tonggu; 18 division is near Jingmai, Thailand, and 1 division is mainly in early April.

Reinforce Swaziland's fighting; The 56th Division judged that it had landed in Yangon, but the action was unknown at that time, and then it assembled in Tonggu. As for the Air Force and

At that time, the situation of artillery and chariots was unknown.

2 # friendly army: the first division of the British-Burmese army (under the 13th brigade) under the command of Alexander, commander-in-chief of the British-Burmese army, and the 17th division of the British-Indian army, stationed in Britain and Australia.

The 63rd Army Brigade and the 7th British Armored Vehicle Brigade are both in the United States. The 13th Brigade of the 1st Division of the British-Burmese Army is in Jingdong and Mao Qi. hero

Forty-five Air Force planes * * * are in Magveli.

3 # Chinese Expeditionary Force: The first commander of the Chinese Expeditionary Force was a subordinate unit of the Fifth Army Cavalry Corps, and the first engineer was in Pew.

By the river; The 200 th division is in Tonggu (the artillery unit has not arrived); The new 22nd Division and 96th Division were opened in mangshi on 6th.

Starting with automobile transportation; The Forty-ninth Division, Temporary Fifty-fifth Division and Ninety-third Division of the Sixth Army are in JD.COM and Mao Qi. sixtieth

The new 38 th Division, the new 29 th Division and the new 28 th Division of the Sixth Army have not yet been mobilized; Artillery is the artillery regiment of the Fifth Army and the Tenth Artillery Corps.

Three regiments and one battalion; The Air Force is the United States Air Force Volunteer Corps.