Information about Taishan, Hengshan, Huashan, Hengshan, Songshan, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu, Chaohu and Hongze Lake (one sentence per sentence)

Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake was called "Yunmengze" in ancient times and is the second largest freshwater lake in my country. Spanning the two provinces of Hunan and Hubei, it connects the Yangtze River to the north and the Xiang, Zi, Yuan and Feng rivers to the south. It is known as the "Eight Hundred Mile Dongting Lake". Dongting Lake means fairy cave, which shows its beautiful and charming scenery. Dongting Lake is vast and winding, with abrupt mountains. Its biggest feature is that there is a lake outside the lake and mountains in the lake, with fishing sails dotted, reed leaves green, the water and sky the same color, and gulls and herons flying. The scenery is different in the four seasons of spring and autumn, and it changes in thousands of ways in one day. Among the "Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang" described by the ancients, the "Autumn Moon in Dongting", "Returning to the Sails at Yuanpu", "Goose Falling on the Flat Sand", "Sunset in the Fishing Village", "Dusk Snow in the River and Sky", etc., are all portrayals of the current East Dongting Lake.

Liters and poets of all ages have enthusiastically praised the beautiful Dongting Lake. "The Yueyang Tower" written by Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician, military strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, vividly describes the ever-changing scenery of Dongting Lake from the perspective of the Yueyang Tower (from a high position) and is very popular. Dongting Lake is majestic and majestic, and the moonlight of Dongting Lake is soft and magnificent. Even in the gloomy weather, it gives people a unique and mysterious feeling and arouses people's interest in traveling. The vast expanse of blue waves of Dongting Lake is worthy of being called "the best water in the world". Boating on the lake is refreshing and endless fun.

The scenery of Binhu is extremely beautiful, and many scenic spots are national-level scenic spots, such as: Yueyang Tower, Junshan, Du Fu's Tomb, Yangmo Village, Tiejing Building, Quzi Temple, Yuelong Pagoda, Confucian Temple, Longzhou Academy and other places of interest. In Chenglingji, the junction between West Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, there is a place called Sanjiangkou. Looking out over Dongting from here, you can see the Xiangjiang River rushing north, the Yangtze River rolling eastward, water birds soaring, hundreds of boats vying for the current, the water and sky the same color, the scenery is very majestic. Folk legends such as Liu Hai playing with the golden toad, Dongfang Shuo stealing fairy wine, and Emperor Shun's second concubine searching for her husband thousands of miles away originated from here... The most famous one in the lake is Junshan, which has beautiful scenery. It is an isolated island on Dongting Lake. There are 72 peaks on the island. There are ferries that travel here every day for about an hour. It takes one day to visit the mountains, go in the morning and return in the afternoon. Not only did we go to Junshan, but we also had the opportunity to swim around Dongting Lake. It was really two birds with one stone. Junshan's original name is Dongting Mountain, which means immortal cave. It is said that 4,000 years ago, Emperor Shun visited the south. His two concubines, Ehuang and Nvying, were unable to catch up with them. They climbed the bamboo and cried bitterly. Their tears fell on the bamboo and turned into mottled bamboo. Later, the two concubines died on the mountain, and later generations built the tomb of the two concubines. The two were also called Xiang Fei and Xiang Jun. In order to commemorate Xiang Jun, Dongting Mountain was changed to Jun Mountain. There are existing monuments such as the Tomb of Erfei, Xiangfei Temple, Liuyi Well, Feilai Bell, etc. Junshan's bamboos are very famous, including spotted bamboo, Luohan bamboo, square bamboo, solid bamboo, purple bamboo, moso bamboo, etc. Grand dragon boat festivals, lotus festivals and water sports are held here every year.

Dongting Lake is a famous land of fish and rice, with extremely rich products. Specialties in the lake include precious river freshness such as river mussels, eels, Dongting crabs, and fortune fish, as well as Junshan famous tea, Luohan bamboo, square bamboo, solid bamboo, purple bamboo, spotted bamboo, moso bamboo and other bamboo products, and there are many types.

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Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake is the second largest lake in my country. Large freshwater lake. There is a lush evergreen hill in the center of the lake called Dongting Mountain, from which Dongting Lake gets its name. The total area of ??the lake area is approximately 18,000 square kilometers. To the south of the lake is Hunan Province and to the north is Hubei Province. During the flood, the lake was as vast as the sea, with an area of ??3,900 square kilometers and a volume of 10 to 20 billion cubic meters. In the south, the Xiangjiang, Zishui, Yuan, and Lishui rivers merge into it; in the north, there are Songzi, Taiping, Ouchi, and Tiaoxian ports connected to the Yangtze River. The lake water finally flows into the Yangtze River in Chenglingji, Yueyang. It is like a large natural reservoir that accommodates four waters, handles the Yangtze River, regulates floods, and controls Chu and Wu.

There are many theories about the history of the name of Dongting Lake. There are records of "Yun Meng" in ancient books such as "Historical Records", "Zhou Li", and "Erya". Meng is the meaning of "Huze" in the Chu dialect at that time, which is similar to the word "歼". "In the first year of the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Zi and Zheng Botian dreamed of traveling to the south of the Yangtze River." It is also said: "In the fourth year of Ding Dynasty, Chuzi crossed the Jijiang River and entered the clouds." "Hanyang Zhi" said: "The clouds are in the north of the river, and the dream is in the south of the river." Together they are collectively called Yunmeng. At that time, the area of ??Yunmengze once reached 40,000 square kilometers. "Modern Geography" records: "As far as Qizhou in the east, Zhijiang in the west, south of Jingshan and north of Qingcao, they are all the ancient Yunmeng." Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu" said: "Yunmeng is eight or nine hundred miles away." In the late Warring States period, due to sedimentation, Yunmengze was divided into northern and southern parts. The north of the Yangtze River became a swamp area, while the south of the Yangtze River remained a swamp area. The vast lake. From then on, it was no longer called Yunmeng, but this large lake was called Dongting Lake, because there is a famous Junshan Mountain in the lake, formerly known as Dongting Mountain. "A Brief Account of Xiangfei Temple" states: "Dongting is also one of the fairy caves built. It is the courtyard of Dongting, so it is called Dongting. Later generations were called it because of its vast ocean, monstrous floods, and nothing, so they named the mountain of Dongting. The lake is called Dongting Lake. "This is the origin of the name Dongting Lake.

Dongting Lake has clear water, clear sky, and vast sky. Throughout the ages, there have been countless records and descriptions of it. During the Warring States Period, the great poet Qu Yuan repeatedly sang about the beautiful Dongting Lake in his poems, such as "Go up to the Dongting and go down the river" in "Ai Ying"; "Go to the Dongting on the road" in "Xiang Jun"; In "Madam", "The autumn wind is blowing, and the waves in the Dongting are under the wooden leaves."

In the poems "The Lord of Xiang" and "The Lady of Xiang", Qu Yuan described Dongting Lake as one of the haunts of gods and goddesses based on folklore: a pair of beautiful gods of love, riding a brisk osmanthus boat, blowing sweet and sweet sounds. The pan flute is cruising on the blue waves of Dongting in the autumn wind. The king of Xiang built a fragrant palace in the water with lotus, fenugreek, duheng, purple clam, osmanthus, magnolia, magnolia and sage, which are special products in the Dongting area, to welcome Mrs. Xiang's arrival.

Dongting Lake not only has beautiful scenery, but is also known as the land of fish and rice. The lakeside is rich in rice and the lake is rich in fish and shrimp. It has been a famous source of freshwater fish in my country since ancient times. Li Shangyin, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Dongting Fish": "Dongting fish can be picked up, and they hang down the fishing nets without fail. They are as noisy as mosquitoes before the rain, and as many as flies after autumn." It can be seen that there are many fish. Nowadays, the lake is rich in more than 100 kinds of aquatic products such as carp, crucian carp, bighead carp, silver carp, bream, mandarin fish, whitebait, anchovies and shrimp, crab, turtle, turtle, eel, eel, loach and clam. The rare white-fin dolphin also grows. The largest of the Dongting fish is the sturgeon, which weighs two to three hundred kilograms; the smallest and most valuable is the whitebait. Dongting whitebait is quite famous in history. According to the "Baling County Chronicle" of the Qing Dynasty: "The whitebait comes out of Fengshan and Junshan Lakes, and the small ones are full of inches. Those who see black spots are better. Bake them with fire, which is worse than drying them in the sun. Noodle fish are found in other places, and they are as long as two , three to four or five inches is a cheap thing. It is produced in winter and summer, and the water in summer is not as beautiful as winter. "It is said that when Emperors Yongzheng and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited the south of the Yangtze River, they both tasted whitebait and rated it highly. Silverbait swims in the slow currents of clear water and grassy beaches. It is silvery white and transparent, in the shape of a round bar, without scales or spines. Its meat is tender and rich in protein. It tastes extremely delicious and has always been a treasure on the table.

Lianhu Lake, the "Lake in a Lake" of Dongting Lake, is rich in Xianglian, which is famous both at home and abroad. Whenever the lotus is in full bloom, the lotus leaves all over the lake are set off by the graceful and graceful flowers. They are elegant and pure, "coming out of the mud but not stained, washing the clear ripples without being evil". Boating to pick lotus has become a major tourist project.

Junshan in Dongting Lake not only has beautiful scenery, but also has many famous products and rare treasures. Among them, Junshan tea is especially famous, and it has been listed as tribute tea since the Tang Dynasty. Junshan Silver Needle Tea is picked when the tea tree has just sprouted a bud, and is made through more than a dozen processes. It is orange-yellow on the inside and covered with a layer of white hair on the outside, hence its nickname - gold inlaid with jade. After brewing, all the tea leaves first rush to the top, then slowly sink, and finally they all stand firmly at the bottom of the cup, piled with greenery, like swords and spears standing in rows, and like young bamboo shoots unearthed, which is indeed a "wonder in tea". The fragrance is refreshing in the mouth and leaves a fragrant aroma on the teeth and cheeks.

The ancients have long summarized the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake. Among the "Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang" recorded in the "Dongting Lake Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty are "Dongting Autumn Moon", "Yuanpu Returning to the Sail", and "Pingsha Luoyan" , "fishing village sunset", "river sky with snow" and "sunscape", "moon shadow", "cloud shadow", "snow shadow", "mountain shadow", "tower shadow", "sail shadow", "fishing shadow", " The "Ten Shadows" of Dongting Lake, such as "gull shadow" and "goose shadow", can still be seen today.

The Legend of Junshan

Looking out from Yueyang Tower, the small island exposed on the lake is the famous Junshan on Dongting Lake. Junshan, also known as Xiangshan or Dongting Mountain, is only separated from Yueyang Tower by a river. Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, compared Dongting Lake with "the sky above and below, a vast expanse of blue" to a white silver plate, and the handsome Junshan Mountain to a green snail in the silver plate. "Looking at the Dongting landscape, I see a green snail in the silver plate." ("Looking at the Dongting") Viewed from the Yueyang Tower, this metaphor is very vivid.

Junshan is a long island composed of 72 peaks. Although Junshan is small, it is filled with beautiful places of interest, historical sites, and mythological stories.

According to legend, in ancient times, there was no island in Dongting Lake. Whenever there are strong winds and white waves, the ships have nowhere to dock and are often engulfed by the waves, making the local people miserable. This incident aroused the sympathy of the 72 underwater snail girls. They reluctantly took off their snail shells and formed small islands. Later, they were connected together to form Junshan today. The 72 peaks on Junshan Mountain were created by 72 snail girls.

It is also said that more than 4,000 years ago, Emperor Yu was on a tour to the south. His two beloved concubines, Ehuang and Nvying, came later, but the ship was blocked by wind and waves in Dongting Mountain. Suddenly hearing that Emperor Yu had died in Cangwu (today's Wuzhou City, Guangxi), the second concubine was so sad that she held the bamboo and looked south, shedding tears. The teardrops sprinkled on the bamboo, showing spots, so it became the bamboo growing in the north of Junshan. "Xiangfei Bamboo" is also called "Mottled Bamboo". The second concubine also died due to excessive grief and was buried here. Therefore, there is the tomb of the second concubine at the east foot of Junshan Mountain. There is a poem among the people that says: "Emperor Yu went on a tour to the south and did not return, and the two concubines were resentful in the clouds and waters. I know how many tears I shed at that time, and it is still today that Zhu Shangban." In front of the tomb of the two concubines, there is "The Tomb of Emperor Yu's Second Concubine". The stele is surrounded by solid stone pillars with reliefs of unicorns, lins, lions and elephants carved on them. In front of the tomb is a pair of stone pillars, with a couplet engraved on them: "The two souls of the king and concubine will be fragrant through the ages, and the mangosteen will be full of tears." The second concubine was called Junfei and Xiangfei. In order to commemorate them, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan, also called Xiangshan. It is said that this is the origin of the names Junshan and Xiangshan.

Interestingly, Junshan also has legends of guilt in history. According to legend, Qin Shihuang was on a hunting tour of the world. When the boat passed Junshan, there was a sudden storm. The first emperor was furious and said: "I am the emperor who is destined to sail on the boat. It should be calm. Who is so bold as to dare to make waves?" Then, he Then he asked the people around him: "Where is this place?" The courtier replied that it was Junshan. When the First Emperor heard this, he became even more angry and said: "In the whole world, I am the only one who is 'King'. How come the mountain is also called 'King'?" He then ordered three thousand prisoners to chop down all the trees in the mountain, and ordered An order to seal the mountain was carved on the stone wall.

Today, a stone seal can still be seen on the stone wall near the lake, which is 1 meter long and 0.8 meters wide. The handwriting is vaguely legible and seems to be the word "Yongfeng", commonly known as "Sealing the Mountain".

The "Liu Yi Well" on Junshan Mountain was dug by later generations to interpret the story of "Liu Yi Biography" written by Li Chaowei of the Tang Dynasty. Liu Yi is a failed scholar who meets a shepherdess with tears on her face. She claimed to be the daughter of the Dragon King of Dongting, and she was left here because she was abused by her husband. She then prayed to Liu Yi to enter the sea from a dry well and send a message to the Dragon King, hoping to be rescued and returned to the Dragon Palace as soon as possible. Liu Yi came to Junshan, found a dry well, and went straight down to the Dragon Palace to complete the task of passing the letter. After Long Nu was rescued, she married Liu Yi. The existing "Liu Yi Well" is located at the end of Longyu Mountain in Junshan, with unique architecture. The diameter of the wellhead is 1 meter and the depth is more than 10 meters. On the wall of the well is a relief sculpture of a Poseidon holding a sword, which is said to be Liu Yi's guide. There is a ramp extending into the well 5 meters away from the well. On both sides of the ramp there are reliefs of shrimps, soldiers and crab generals, which are said to be soldiers and generals welcoming Liu Yi into the lake.

There is also a large flat surrounded by mountains on Junshan Mountain, which is where Zhong Xiang and Yang Mo led the peasant uprising army to camp in the first year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty. The poor fishermen who could not bear the oppression of the government rose up here, set up water forts, built warships, and roamed the 800-mile Dongting. Today, there are still ancient monuments such as Military Advisor Cave, Dianjiang Terrace, and Ten Thousand Pots on Junshan Mountain.

In addition, there is Xuanyuan Terrace on Dongting Mountain, which is said to be the place where the Yellow Emperor cast the cauldron; there is also Xuanyuan Terrace, where Xiao Houyi is said to have shot dragons; Jiuxiang Mountain is said to be rich in wine-fragrant vines, which can brew longevity wine. , Dongfang Shuo secretly drank here during the Han Dynasty; Langyin Pavilion was named after Lu Dongbin recited poems here.

Yueyang Tianxia Tower

Yueyang Tower is located in the west corner of the ancient city of Yueyang, leaning against Baling Mountain in the east, Dongting Lake in the west, the Yangtze River in the north, and the three Hunan and four rivers in the south. It is majestic and majestic. Extraordinary. Together with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and the Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, it is known as the "Three Famous Towers in the South of the Yangtze River". Since ancient times, it has had the reputation of: "The water in the world is in Dongting, and the towers are in the sky in Yueyang."

The Yueyang Tower stands majestically in the west corner of the ancient city of Yueyang, with Baling Mountain to the east, Dongting Lake to the west, the Yangtze River to the north, and the three Hunan and four rivers to the south. It is majestic and majestic. Together with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and the Teng Pavilion in Nanchang, it is known as the "Three Famous Towers in the South of the Yangtze River". Since ancient times, it has had the reputation of: "The water in Dongting is all over the world, and the towers in Yueyang are all under the sky"; "A belt of three thousand miles is all in the Yueyang Tower".

According to legend, this place was the military parade platform where Lu Su of the state of Wu trained his navy during the Three Kingdoms period. Because the Dongting Lake in front of the Yueyang Tower is vast and calm, and there happens to be a hill on the shore of the lake, it is indeed a good place for military training and military parades. According to "Three Kingdoms", Lu Su was ordered by Sun Quan to lead ten thousand people to garrison in Baqiu (today's Yueyang). At the foot of Baqiu Mountain, the choke point for entering and exiting Dongting Lake, a training and review naval force was built on the west gate wall facing the lake. The Yueyang Tower is the predecessor of the Yueyang Tower.

In the fourth year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (716 AD), Zhongshu ordered Zhang Shuo to be relegated to Qiuzhou, so he expanded the Ximen Tower into a pavilion. It was first named "South Tower" and later renamed "Yueyang Tower".

The perfect combination of "the water in Dongting and the towers in Yueyang", its majestic momentum and long historical connotation, made it a popular destination for poets and poets after the Tang Dynasty, and gradually formed a way to express worries about the country. The special connotation of saving the world is the main tradition. Meng Haoran, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi and other famous poets of the Tang Dynasty have all ascended the tower to recite poems and compose poems. Among them, Du Fu's famous poem "Ascend the Yueyang Tower" is the initiator of this tradition. The poem goes: "I heard about Dongting water in the past, and now I go up to Yueyang Tower. Wu and Chu are talking to the southeast, and the world is floating day and night. There is no word about relatives and friends, and the old and sick are alone in the boat. The army and horses pass through the north of the mountain, and the Xuan tears are flowing." If it is said that Meng Haoran's " "Steaming clouds and dreamy lakes, waves shaking Yueyang City" express the grief and indignation of poor men who neglected their duties, while Du Shi, with the power of covering the sky and the earth, integrated the story of a generation of poets and the fate of the country's revolution into the eight hundred miles of waves. The heart of fist.

In the fourth year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1044), Teng Zijing was relegated to Baling (Yueyang). He rebuilt Yueyang Tower and wrote to Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician and writer at that time, asking him to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower" . Then the poet and calligrapher Su Shunqin was invited to write, and the sculptor Shao Chang was invited to engrave. As a result, Teng Tower, Fan Ji, Su Shu and Shao Ke became the "four wonders" of Yueyang Tower.

More than 900 years have passed since the Song Dynasty. The current Yueyang Tower was rebuilt during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. The "Yueyang Tower" written by Su Shushao has been replaced by the handwriting of Zhang Zhao, a calligrapher during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, but this famous article is still as brilliant as ever.

"I have a look at Baling's magnificent appearance, which is located in a lake in Dongting. It holds distant mountains and swallows the Yangtze River. It is a vast and boundless river. It is bright in the morning and overcast in the evening, and the scenery is myriad. This is the grand view of the Yueyang Tower. "Fan Zhongyan not only described the scenery around Yueyang Tower and the various feelings of morning and evening sunshine and rain with great purity, showing the magnificence of Dongting Lake and the grandeur of Yueyang Tower, but also further promoted Du Fu's spirit to a new height. The famous line in the article, "Be concerned about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness" expresses the noble feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and taking the world as one's own responsibility, and has become a concentrated portrayal of the spiritual world of China's progressive intellectuals. The name of Yueyang Tower is due to the fact that scenery is conveyed through writing, and writing is promoted by scenery.

Today's Yueyang Tower is a unique brick and wood structure building with four columns, three floors, cornices and a helmet top. Entering the big building, I saw that the surroundings were hung with inscriptions by famous people from past dynasties. The pillars on the second floor are engraved with famous quotes by Meng Haoran and Du Fu, and on the carved screen made of twelve pieces of red sandalwood in the middle, "The Story of Yueyang Tower" written by Zhang Zhaoshu is eye-catching, inspiring visitors to ponder.

There are two auxiliary pavilions on both sides of the main building: one is the Sanzui Pavilion named after the mythical figure Lu Dongbin who drank three times in Yueyang Tower; the other is the Fairy Plum Pavilion. According to legend, when the Yueyang Tower was being repaired in the late Ming Dynasty, a piece with plum patterns was dug underground. It is named after the stone slab. Near the building are Lu Su's tomb, Xiao Qiao's tomb, Yueyang Confucian Temple and Cishi Pagoda.