How does the coal industry develop with high quality under the goal of "double carbon"?

Discussion on high-quality development of coal industry under the background of "double carbon"

Zhang Lixin station

(Coal Industry Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd.)

Since the founding of New China, under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the coal industry has started on the basis of prosperity, advanced through hard struggle and developed through reform and opening up. Especially since entering the new era, the industry has made new breakthroughs and achieved remarkable results. In the past two years, under the background of carbon neutrality at the peak of carbon dioxide emissions, coal consumption has decreased and the proportion of coal consumption has decreased, which has affected the development of the coal industry to a certain extent and brought opportunities for transformation and upgrading.

First, the coal industry has a high-quality development foundation.

Under the hard struggle of generations of coal miners, the coal industry has achieved great changes from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong. As an important energy industry in China, it has injected a strong impetus into the national economy and social development.

(a) to enhance the national economic and social development of energy supply security capabilities.

China's "three machines and one machine" coal mine equipment manufacturing capacity ranks in the forefront of the world, with an annual output of10 million tons of fully mechanized mining technology and equipment reaching the world leading level. The industry continued to promote the resolution of excess capacity, eliminate backward production capacity and build advanced production capacity, and the quality of coal supply in the country was significantly improved. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the country has withdrawn about 5,500 coal mines, withdrawn from the backward coal production capacity of more than 65.43 billion tons/year, and resettled about 65.43 million employees, exceeding the target task of resolving excess capacity. By the end of 2020, about10.2 million tons of large-scale modern coal mines with an annual output of more than10.2 million tons have been built in China, accounting for about 80% of the national coal production, of which 52 coal mines with an annual output of10 million tons have been built, with a production capacity of 820 million tons/year. There are 29 coal mines with an annual output of less than 300,000 tons1/kloc-0, and the production capacity is about 65,438+48 million tons/year.

From the founding of New China to the end of 2020, the coal industry has contributed about 92.4 billion tons of coal. China's annual coal output increased from 34.32 million tons in 1949 to 680 million tons in 1978, reaching a peak of 3.97 billion tons in 20 13 years and 3.9 billion tons in 2020, which supported the growth of China's GDP from 364.5 billion yuan in 1978 to 2020. The standard system of coal mine safety laws, regulations and standards has been continuously improved, the responsibility system of coal mine safety production has been continuously improved, the level of safety science and technology equipment has been greatly improved, the investment in safety production has been greatly increased, and the safety training of coal mine workers has been continuously strengthened, which has promoted the obvious improvement of coal mine safety production situation. The death rate per million tons of coal decreased from 9.75438+03 in 1978 to 0.059 in 2020. The ability of coal safety supply guarantee has been improved by leaps and bounds.

(two) with high-quality development of scientific and technological innovation ability.

The technological innovation system in the coal industry has been continuously improved, and the ability of technological innovation to drive development has been significantly enhanced. Fully mechanized top-coal caving mining, coal and gas mining, ultra-low emission coal-fired power generation, high-efficiency pulverized coal industrial boilers and modern coal chemical technology have reached the international leading level. Green coal mining technologies such as filling mining, water conservation mining, coal and gas mining and non-pillar mining have been popularized and applied, and the recovery rate of coal resources has been significantly improved. The mechanization, automation, intelligence, digitalization and greening of coal mines have been accelerated in an all-round way. In 2020, the raw coal washing rate will reach 74. 1%, which is 8.2 percentage points higher than that in 20 15 years. The comprehensive utilization rate of mine water, the comprehensive utilization and disposal rate of coal gangue and the utilization rate of underground gas drainage reached 78.7%, 72.2% and 44.8% respectively. More than 400 intelligent mining working faces have been built, realizing one-button start on the ground, with people patrolling underground and no one on duty. There are 10 kinds of coal mine robots working underground, such as coal mine excavation, bolt drilling and inspection, and 7 1 coal mine is listed in the first batch of intelligent demonstration coal mines in China.

New progress has been made in the transformation of coal from single fuel to both fuel and raw materials. In 2020, the production capacity of coal-to-oil system, coal-to-olefin system, coal-to-gas system and coal-to-ethylene glycol system will reach 93 1 10,000 tons/year,15.82 million tons/year, 5 1 100 million cubic meters/year and 4.89 million tons/year respectively. With the integration of upstream and downstream industries of coal, the integration trend of coal power, coal coke, coalification and coal steel is obvious.

(3) The constantly improving market-oriented system provides institutional guarantee for high-quality development.

Since the founding of New China, the productivity level of the coal industry has been continuously improved, and at the same time, the system reform has been continuously explored, from the initial completely planned economy to the combination of planned economy and market, and then to complete marketization, which provides a practical sample for the national economic system and marketization reform.

China's coal industry has completed the transformation from the planned economic system in the early days of the founding of New China to the market-oriented pricing in the period of reform and opening up. Since 1993, China has established a coal price mechanism based on market formation price. 1994 65438+ 10, the state canceled the unified planned price of coal, and all other coals except electric coal were liberalized, and the government-guided price was implemented. In 2004, China established a coal-electricity price linkage mechanism, forming a "dual track system" of coal prices. The price of 20 13 coal is fully marketized, and the decisive role of the market in resource allocation is becoming more and more prominent. Since 20 16, the coal industry has been a pilot industry to promote the structural reform of the supply side. The upstream and downstream enterprises of coal have gradually established a medium-and long-term contract system and a pricing mechanism of "base price plus floating price", which has played a role of "ballast stone" and "stabilizer" for the smooth operation of the coal market. The executive meeting of the State Council held on September 26th, 20021decided to cancel the linkage mechanism of coal-electricity price and change the current benchmark feed-in tariff mechanism into a market-oriented mechanism of "benchmark price+floating". This means that China will bid farewell to the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism implemented for 15 years.

Second, the high-quality development of coal under the goal of "double carbon" will play an important supporting role in the transformation of low-carbon energy.

The energy resource endowment dominated by coal determines that China's economic and social development will still be inseparable from coal for a long time to come. In the process of carbon neutralization at the peak of carbon dioxide emission, coal is still needed to play the role of basic energy and provide energy guarantee for economic and social development.

(A) Coal is a strong support for the development of new energy.

Under the goal of "double carbon", renewable energy such as scenery has become the main source of incremental power supply. In recent years, China has vigorously developed new energy technologies, and the proportion of non-fossil energy power generation in China's power structure has greatly increased. However, due to uncontrollable natural conditions such as climate, weather and light, the supply capacity of renewable energy is uncertain, mainly providing energy, and its supply and adjustment capacity is limited. A large number of renewable energy sources are connected to the power grid, which brings severe challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Clean and efficient flexible power sources such as coal-fired power generation are needed as peak-shaving power sources to stabilize power fluctuations. In the process of vigorously developing renewable energy power generation technologies such as wind energy and solar energy, gradually increasing the proportion of non-fossil energy power generation and continuously optimizing the power structure, China still needs the strong support of coal, coal and electricity. It is estimated that after achieving carbon neutrality in 2060, the installed capacity of coal-fired power generation still needs to be maintained at 300 million to 400 million kilowatts, and the annual coal consumption is 390 million tons and 640 million tons respectively.

(b) Coal is a "ballast stone" for energy security.

Safe and stable energy supply is the cornerstone of a country's security and prosperity. Under the background of international energy game and geopolitical conflict, coal is still the "ballast stone" of national energy security, and there is no resource to replace coal in the short term. We should have a deep understanding of China's energy resources endowment, economic and social development requirements and energy development laws. On June 5438+February 2, 2020/KLOC-0, the State Council Press Office released the white paper "China Energy Development in the New Era", which clearly proposed to promote the safe, intelligent and green development and utilization of coal and strive to build an intensive, safe, efficient and clean coal industry system. Coal is still the most economical and safest energy source in China.

Coal has the development ability to adapt to the change of energy demand in China, and has the cost advantage of development and utilization. The clean and efficient coal conversion technology has matured through "technical demonstration" and "upgrading demonstration", and it has the foundation to form a large-scale oil and gas connection capacity in a short time. Give full play to the role of coal in balancing energy varieties and ensure energy security in China.

Third, the coal industry is facing high-quality development opportunities under the goal of "double carbon"

The goal of "double carbon" is both a huge challenge and an unprecedented opportunity for the coal industry. In the case of both challenges and opportunities, the coal industry is bound to usher in a new round of technological upgrading and industrial transformation. The coal industry is moving from automation to intelligence and unmanned, and from ultra-low emission to near zero emission and zero emission. It can be predicted that from 20021to 2060, the proportion of coal in energy consumption will gradually decrease, from main energy to basic energy, from basic energy to guaranteed energy, and finally to supporting energy, which also represents that China's coal industry will advance rapidly in the direction of green intelligence.

(a) relying on technological innovation to develop into a high-quality, high-tech industry.

At present, the coal industry is in the period of the fourth coal technology revolution. We should take this technology revolution as an opportunity to promote the transformation of the coal industry into a digital and intelligent new industry and new format. Under the goal of "double carbon", the coal output will return to a reasonable scale, take the road of high-quality development and high-end development, move towards a safe, green, low-carbon and economical stock era that pays more attention to the whole process of production, processing, storage and transportation and consumption, and take the road of high-quality, efficient, clean and low-consumption energy sustainable development.

In the future, more coal mines will adopt high-efficiency energy-saving technologies and equipment, focus on the construction of leading projects in carbon-neutral demonstration mining areas, carry out comprehensive utilization energy-saving projects such as waste heat, residual pressure, water saving and material saving, continuously optimize coal development and utilization processes, technologies and systematic management, and improve the efficiency of coal resources development and utilization.

Gradually upgrade coal mining from mechanization and automation to digitalization, create intelligent mining, unmanned underground and no coalification on the ground, and minimize the damage of coal mining to the ecological environment. Around the industrial direction of "green mining, clean utilization and ecological management", we will build a real-time and transparent data link of coal mining, transportation, washing and management, continuously optimize the intelligent decision-making model, build a modern coal economic system, integrate digital technology into the whole industrial chain of coal resource development, processing and utilization, and comprehensively improve the coal management level and comprehensive utilization efficiency. Finally, it entered the 5.0 era of coal industry with no people underground and no coal on the ground, and realized in-situ deep utilization, integrated supply of coal, electricity, gas, heat, water and oil, coordinated development of solar energy, wind energy, pumped storage and coal, and basically achieved near zero emission.

(B) relying on ecological restoration to create a new growth point of green economy

In the process of eliminating backward production capacity, abandoned mining areas are gradually increasing. Ecological restoration in mining area can increase ecological carbon sink. In the future, it is urgent to develop the theory and technology chain of mine ecological restoration in the whole life cycle, focusing on the development of key technologies such as coordinated mining, filling mining, soil remediation and biodiversity restoration. Tree species and grass species with strong adaptability and good growth are selected for afforestation and greening. Through the engineering technology of "landform reconstruction, soil reconstruction, vegetation reconstruction, landscape reproduction and biodiversity reorganization and protection", the damaged land in the mining area is restored, soil physical and chemical properties are improved, new economic benefits are created, soil carbon interception capacity is improved, and plant carbon storage is increased.

Mine space includes ground space and underground space in mining area. The data show that the area of coal mine subsidence area in China exceeds 20,000 square kilometers, and the underground space volume exceeds 654.38+056 billion cubic meters, which has great potential for space utilization. For example, aiming at the development of coal-based comprehensive energy base, the utilization of mine ground space includes the development of wind power and photoelectric stations; Underground space utilization includes pumped storage power station development, chemical energy storage, geothermal energy development, carbon dioxide storage and so on. At present, the preliminary development of mine space only includes the construction of ground photovoltaic power stations and underground exhibition halls. In the future, mine space can be used to develop renewable energy, modern agriculture and modern medical care. It is estimated that by 2030, the number of closed or abandoned mines in China will reach10.5 million, and a large number of land resources will be idle. At the same time, with the rapid development of China's photovoltaic industry, the land available for building photovoltaic power plants is increasingly scarce. Therefore, building photovoltaic power station in coal mining subsidence area and combining photovoltaic power generation with mine ecological management can not only solve the problem of effective utilization of land resources, but also have positive significance for ecological environment management.

(3) Building an efficient, green and economical comprehensive energy base relying on the complementarity of various energy sources.

Coal and renewable energy are well complementary. The coupling mode of coal and renewable energy in combustion and chemical conversion gradually formed, which broke through a series of technical difficulties and provided a good foundation for the deep coupling of coal and renewable energy. At the same time, coal mining areas have the inherent advantages of developing renewable energy. Besides abundant coal resources, there are many other resources, such as land, wind energy and light energy. Coal mining subsidence area can provide land resources for the deep coupling of coal-fired power generation and wind-solar power generation. The underground space formed by coal mine roadway and goaf can be used for pumped storage, underground carbon adsorption and storage, geothermal energy and other development and utilization.

Coal enterprises have the conditions to actively develop new energy. They can give full play to the advantages of coal mining areas, take coal-fired power as the core, coordinate with solar power generation and wind power generation, build a clean energy system with multiple complementary functions, and build coal mining areas into a comprehensive energy base with wind, light, electricity, heat and gas.

Four. conclusion

Based on China's energy resources conditions and economic and social development needs, to achieve the goal of "double carbon", relying on scientific and technological innovation and institutional changes, through efficient transformation and recycling, more coal will be used to produce high-end coal-based chemicals and carbon materials. Through multiple complementation with renewable energy, coal mine will become the foundation of modern energy supply system; By making full use of underground space and resources, the coal mining area will become a clean energy production base. Coal enterprises will become participants in new energy development and leaders in coal-based high-end materials and high-value products.