Maintenance method of Chinese rose

Rose. , known as the queen of flowers, also known as "Moon Red", is an evergreen and semi-evergreen low shrub that blooms all year round, usually red or pink,

Rose. , known as the queen of flowers, also known as "Moon Red", is an evergreen and semi-evergreen low shrub that blooms all year round, usually red or pink, and occasionally white and yellow. It can be used as an ornamental plant or a medicinal plant, also known as a rose. There are three natural varieties, and modern Chinese rose flowers are diverse, including single petals and double petals, as well as beautiful flowers, such as high-heart curls; Its colors are rich, including red, pink yellow, white and other monochromatic colors, as well as mixed colors, silver edges and other varieties; Most varieties have fragrance. There are many varieties of Chinese rose, nearly ten thousand in the world, and more than 1000 in China.

To raise potted roses well, we must master six links: pot, soil, water, fertilizer, light and harm.

1. Pot refers to selecting and changing pots. It is best to burn the pot with soil, and the diameter of the pot should be commensurate with the size of the plant. When using the washbasin, the old washbasin should be cleaned, and the new washbasin should be soaked before use. When the plant grows until the root is full of the original pot, the original pot should be replaced with a large pot during dormancy to meet the needs of the continuous development of the root. When the seedlings grow up, they should be changed from small pots to large pots, preferably once a year.

2. soil. The culture soil required for potted plants is 50% garden soil, mixed with 30% decomposed garbage soil and 10%-20% coarse bran ash. Every 500g of soil is added with decomposed compost or cake fertilizer10-15kg. When changing pots, you should also change the new culture soil.

3. Water means watering. Water is the lifeline of plant growth, too much or too little will affect the growth. In particular, the watering of potted roses should be properly adjusted according to the needs, and the watering amount should be controlled according to the change of seasons and the water consumption of growth. In spring, the temperature is low, the leaves just grow, and the water demand is low, so it can be watered once every 3-5 days. It's hot in summer, except in rainy days, water it 1-2 times, and water it thoroughly. Especially in bud pregnancy and flowering period, water supply should not be short, water should be reduced after dormancy period, and water should not accumulate in rainy season.

4. Fat. Ross likes fat. This kind of flower grows fast, blooms more and consumes more nutrients, so fertilization is an important part of raising Chinese roses. Potted plants must be fertilized with sufficient fertilizer. In general, apply thin fertilizer every 7- 10 days to keep the leaves dark green and shiny. Before the flower buds appear, thick liquid fertilizer such as sauce residue water can be applied to meet the flowering needs. Usually, we should master the principle of small amount and multiple fertilization. Whether to continue topdressing in summer depends on the growth of the plant, and it can continue topdressing if it grows vigorously; The growth is weak, the flowers are thin and thin, and they are in a semi-dormant state, so fertilization should be stopped.

5. Illumination, although Chinese rose flowers like sunshine, they should try to block direct glare in hot summer, and it is best to put them in the shade around noon, so that they can see sunshine day and night. After changing the basin, put it in a cool place to avoid direct sunlight, and move it to a ventilated and sunny place after one week.

6. Harm refers to pests and diseases. In the spring and autumn rainy season, leaves are prone to black spot and powdery mildew. After discovery, 70% wettable topaz powder can be sprayed with 1000 times solution, or both sides of the leaves and petioles of flowers can be wiped with cotton dipped in alcohol. Insect pests are mainly aphids and red spiders, and 40% dimethoate EC can be sprayed with water 1500 times.

Method for cultivate Chinese rose

Roses belong to the genus Rosaceae. It has beautiful flowers, bright colors, rich fragrance, long flowering period and wide adaptability. Together with chrysanthemum, carnation and gladiolus, it ranks as the four largest fresh cut flowers in the world and is the main pillar product of the world flower industry.

I. Biological characteristics

Roses originated in China. The optimum growth temperature is 20-25℃. The daytime temperature of most varieties is 15C-26C and the nighttime temperature is 10C- 15C. When the temperature is below 5C in winter, it will enter the dormant period. Common varieties are temperature-tolerant-15C, and cold-tolerant varieties are temperature-tolerant -30C. In summer, when the high temperature lasts above 30℃, the growth slows down and enters a semi-dormant state.

Second, the variety

1, a hybrid perfume rose, can bloom repeatedly in a short time, with slow flower opening, thick petals, straight pedicels, lasting color, beautiful leaves, few stems and many varieties, which is suitable for fresh cut flowers. Representative varieties include gold medal, red victory, diplomat, cardinal, Milan lipstick, Bellamy, Miss Donna, angel, new century, moonlight and so on.

2, rose, long stems, beautiful flowers, cold and heat resistance, suitable for street greening, flower bed modeling. Representative varieties are Moheim, Golden Mary, etc.

3, big-flowered rose, noble pattern, large flowers and long flowering period, suitable for potted plants and courtyard planting. The representative varieties are Double Happiness, Queen Elizabeth, Mount Shasganta and so on.

4. Mini roses, with short plants, beautiful trees and bright colors, are suitable for windowsill cultivation. Representative varieties include miniature Venus and miniature masquerade ball.

5, liana rose, tendril branches, suitable for flower fences, flower walls, vertical greening planting. Representative varieties are Angela, Teng Heping, Teng Mohong, Teng Warrior and Handel.

6. Ground cover rose, with representative varieties such as Dongmei and Meng Lan.

Third, the feeding method.

1. Cutting propagation: The robust branches with 3-5 buds are cut into the substrate made of peat and perlite after being treated with rooting powder, and the cutting depth is required to reach 1-2 buds. After 15-30 days, milky adventitious roots will grow at the base.

2. Grafting propagation; Rosa davurica is usually used as a rhizome. Bud grafting method: Take vigorous axillary buds that have sprouted slightly and peel them off to make grafting buds. Cut the rootstock into D-shaped joints with a width of 1cm and a length of 1.5cm. The grafted buds were inserted into the interface and tied tightly with plastic tape, and survived after 30 days. Grafting method: Split the rootstock 3-5 cm from the ground and cut it 2 cm longitudinally. The scion is required to be the tender tip of unexpanded leaves, and the thickness is equivalent to that of the rootstock. After grafting, it was firmly fixed with plastic tape and healed after 10 days.

3. Tissue culture and propagation: terminal buds or tender leaves are often used as explants. After disinfection, it was inoculated on MS+6A2+NAA0. 1 medium. After 5 weeks, 25% of the terminal buds developed into new seedlings, and then transferred to the hairy root medium of 1/2MA+NAA 1. After about 3 weeks, about 70% of the seedlings took root.

Fourth, prepare

1. Site selection: Plant in a sunny, leeward and ventilated place, get continuous direct sunlight during the day, quickly dry the leaves soaked by dew, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

2. Soil: Choose light cohesive soil with good air permeability, smooth drainage, fertility, rich humus and no pests and diseases. The PH value of the soil is 6-6.8.

3, disinfection:

1 steam disinfection. Most pathogenic organisms, soil pests and weed seeds will die after being treated at 72℃ for half an hour. The effect is good, but the cost is high and it is not suitable for large-scale disinfection.

2 chemical disinfection. Generally, volatile fumigants such as formaldehyde, trichloronitromethane, bromomethane and cyanobenzene copper are used for chemical fumigation and disinfection, and the effect is good. Please pay attention to the following points when using:

A. The soil temperature should be at least above 15.5℃, so that the fumigant can volatilize; B, the size of soil particles is uniform, and the particle size is less than 3cm;

C, the soil thickness should not exceed 30 cm, which is conducive to uniform disinfection;

D, the treated soil must be exposed to the air for more than 3 weeks, so that the disinfection gas is completely emitted.

4. Border-making: It is required to put the disinfected soil in a V-shaped trough separated by asbestos tiles, with a thickness of 20-25 cm, which can prevent the invasion of germs and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) planting

1. Planting method: When planting, fix the plant with one hand and put it in the correct direction and posture, and put the soil into the hole with the other hand. After the roots are covered with soil, gently lift the plants to make the soil sink, the roots expand, compact the soil, water it, and then fill the soil, but it is not necessary to compact it, which is beneficial to ventilation.

2. Planting requirements: Newly planted plants should be pruned, generally leaving the height of 4~5 buds, and pruning old, thin and injured roots and branches. The planting depth depends on whether there is mulch or not. If there is a cover, plant it shallowly. Generally, the interface is required to be 5 cm from the ground, and the plastic film is just below the interface. If there is no plastic film, plant it deeper, but the interface must be on the soil to prevent the interface from rotting in water; The planting density is generally 30×30 cm, and too dense will affect the growth quality of a single plant.

Six, cultivation management

1, topdressing: Chinese rose needs to use fertilizer in a balanced way during its growth, that is, it should not grow too slowly or grow in vain. According to the growth law of roses, topdressing is mainly carried out before flowering in May, after flowering at the end of June, and before flowering again in June at 5438+ 10. Organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer can be used, mainly quick-acting fertilizer. You can also often apply thin fertilizer, usually once every half month, to truly achieve uniform fertility. From mid-July to mid-August and from 5438+00 to winter in June, topdressing is not suitable to avoid cold and heat damage to new shoots.

2. Irrigation: The root soil of Chinese rose should be kept moist, but it should not be too humid, otherwise it will affect the root development due to poor ventilation. The number and time of watering should be flexibly controlled according to the weather conditions. The best time to water is early morning, because at this time, the leaves can be dried in time to prevent the occurrence of black spot disease. In hot summer, water should be watered at dusk in the afternoon to reduce the evaporation of water on the soil surface. After watering, the soil will harden, so loosen the soil in time and weed at the same time.

Seven, pruning and picking roses is a thriving flower variety. In order to grow better, pruning and coring must be done well.

1, pruning range: removing dead branches and old branches; Remove redundant stems and branches; Remove diseased branches, injured branches and stems and branches with no hope of normal growth; Control growth; Control the number of flowers and the opening time.

2. Pruning degree: Pruning degree can be divided into 15-20 buds, 6-8 buds and 2-3 buds. Generally speaking, high shear growth potential is good, and low shear growth potential is poor.

3. Trimming technology: the cutter should be clean and sharp, which can speed up trimming and promote incision healing; The trimming incision should be 0.5 cm above the axillary bud, with an inclination angle of 30 degrees to the opposite direction of bud growth, not too far or too close, otherwise the stump will die and shrink, the bud will be damaged and die, and the new branch will be broken by the wind.

4. Pruning time: according to the time required for cutting flowers, it is generally pruned 6-8 weeks in advance and forced to sleep for one week. If you want National Day flowers, you should prune them at the end of July and resume growth in early August. 60 days after the new buds are pulled out, it just happens to catch the National Day holiday.

5. Pruning method: First, the replacement pruning method, that is, after the first harvest in spring, the whole plant is pruned to 60 cm high and part of it is cut low. When the low pruning branches bloom, the original flowering branches are cut low again, and so on; The second is a one-time unified cutting method, that is, after picking flowers in May, all the flowers are cut into shrubs with the same height, the annual flowers are cut into 45 cm high and the biennial flowers are cut into 60 cm high. This method basically stopped production for 5-6 weeks.

6. Picking: When the new shoot grows to 15-20cm, remove the top about 3cm to promote the lateral buds to sprout into branches, and then pick the ear core 1-2 times until the main lateral branches can blossom enough. The purpose of coring is to adjust the plant type in the early stage of planting and control the flowering period after flowering.

Eight, pest control

The main diseases are powdery mildew and black spot. Control method: 70% 600-fold solution of Tobezin,1:1:zineb and Bordeaux solution are sprayed alternately once a week. At the same time, the diseased branches and leaves are removed to achieve ventilation and light transmission and reduce humidity. The main pests are aphids, moths and longicorn beetles. Control method: spray 40% omethoate EC, marathon and dichlorvos.

Nine, cutting and preservation

1, cutting requirements: flowers are cut when they are in bud, and the flower shape is the most beautiful when it is about 1/3, and it can gradually open and will not fade quickly. Cutting and picking must be carried out at 4-5 pm, because the sugar content of the flower branches is the highest at this time, and the time spent is prolonged, so it can be cut in the early morning. Cut flowers should be refrigerated at about 4 degrees 1 hour to make them dormant, reduce evaporation, extend the time of flower arrangement, or spend the night in cold and dark places; The base of the flower cutting branch should be obliquely cut 2-3 cm to increase the water absorption surface; Cut off unnecessary leaves and side branches to reduce transpiration surface.

2. Preservation: after the cut flower branches are treated, they are soaked in the mixed solution of silver thiosulfate and aluminum sulfate 12 hours.